Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for a single-step covalent attachment of a label to a molecule comprising forming a covalently attachable labeling reagent for alkylating the molecule. Then, combining the covalently attachable labeling reagent with a mixture containing the molecule, under conditions wherein the labeling reagent has reactivity with the molecule thereby forming a covalent bond.

Abstract: A process is described for the delivery of a therapeutic polynucleotide to limb muscle tissue suffering from or potentially suffering from Muscular Dystrophy. The polynucleotide is inserted into a mammalian limb vessel such as an artery. Delivery efficiency and distribution is enhanced by combining injection of a solution containing the polynucleotide with the use of an externally applied cuff.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for providing in vivo delivery of molecules or complexes to extravascular mammalian cells using an intravascular administration route. The molecules or complexes are inserted in an injection solution into a mammalian vasculature. Insertion of the injection solution at an appropriate rate transiently increases the volume of extravascular fluid in the tissue thereby facilitating delivery of the molecule to the cell.

Abstract: Processes are described for obtaining high levels of gene expression in primates after injection of nucleic acid to the liver via the lumen of the hepatic vein. The described process results in high level of gene expression with transient increases in liver enzymes.

Abstract: An polyampholyte is utilized in a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive and/or negative charge such that the resulting complex can be delivered to the extravascular space and may be further delivered to a cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for transfecting genetic material into a mammalian cell to alter endogenous properties of the cell. The process comprises designing a polynucleotide for transfection. Then the polynucleotide is inserted into a mammalian blood vessel. Prior to insertion, subsequent to insertion, or concurrent with insertion the permeability of the vessel is increased using an exterior cuff thereby the genetic material is delivered to the parenchymal cell.

Abstract: Described are drug formulations that increase regional delivery of the drugs to cells. Methods for reversibly increasing the hydrophobicity of a drug through hydrolytically labile attachment of a hydrophobic moiety and methods for delivering the modified drug to cells are described. Hydrophobic modification increases drug delivery, while lability minimizes entry of the drug into non-target cells.

Abstract: A process and compound wherein nucleic acids can be modified with a host of molecules and maintain their ability to be expressed. A modifying chemical attachment of polyions to polynucleotides can be used to facilitate the change of tertiary structure of the nucleic acid and in some cases condensation of nucleic acids into smaller, charged particles useful in delivering the nucleic acid to a cell.

Abstract: A method of forming polymers in the presence of nucleic acid using template polymerization. These methods can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids, for condensing the nucleic acid, for forming nucleic acid binding polymers, for forming supramolecular complexes containing nucleic acid and polymer, and for forming an interpolyelectrolyte complex.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for delivery of proteins and peptides to mammalian cells in vitro are described. Specifically, polypeptide-surfactant complexes formed from noncovalent hydrophobation of polypeptides and reversible hydrophobic modification of polypeptides are described. The compositions can be used to delivery positively charged, negatively charged and charge neutral polypeptides to cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for providing for expression of an exogenous nucleic acid in an extravascular parenchymal cell of a mammal. The nucleic acid is inserted into a vessel of a mammal and the permeability of the vessel is increased. Increasing permeability of the vessel allows delivery of the nucleic acid to an extravascular parenchymal cell.

Abstract: Polyampholyte are able to condense nucleic acid to form small complexes which can be utilized in the delivery of nucleic acid to mammalian cells. The polyampholytes can be formed prior to interaction with nucleic acid or they can be formed in the presence of nucleic acid. Stabilized polycation/nucleic acid complexes can be modified to reduce the positive charge of the polycation and add targeting ligands without destabilizing the complex. The resultant particles retain their small size and are more effective in delivery of nucleic acid to cells in vivo.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for providing in vivo delivery of polynucleotides to mammalian prostate cells using an intravascular administration route. The polynucleotides are inserted in an injection solution into a mammalian vasculature. Insertion of the injection solution at an appropriate rate increases the volume of extravascular fluid in the tissue thereby facilitating delivery of the polynucleotide to the cell.

Abstract: An ionic polymer is utilized in “recharging” (another layer having a different charge) a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The resulting recharged complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive or negative charge such that the resulting complex has the desired net charge.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for transfecting genetic material into a mammalian cell to alter endogenous properties of the cell. The process comprises designing a polynucleotide for transfection. Then the polynucleotide is inserted into a mammalian blood vessel. Prior to insertion, subsequent to insertion, or concurrent with insertion the permability of the vessel is increased using an exterior cuff and immunosuppression is applied thereby the genetic material is delivered to the parenchymal cell.

Abstract: An ionic polymer is utilized in “recharging” (another layer having a different charge) a condensed polynucleotide complex for purposes of nucleic acid delivery to a cell. The resulting recharged complex can be formed with an appropriate amount of positive or negative charge such that the resulting complex has the desired net charge.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for a single-pot covalent attachment of a label to nucleic acids comprising forming a covalently attachable labeling reagent for alkylating the molecule. Then, combining the covalently attachable labeling reagent with a mixture containing the molecule, under conditions wherein the labeling reagent has reactivity with the molecule thereby forming a covalent bond.

Abstract: A process is described for the delivery of a therapeutic polynucleotide to limb muscle tissue suffering from or potentially suffering from ischemia. The polynucleotide is inserted into a mammalian limb vessel such as an artery. Delivery efficiency and distribution is enhanced by combining injection of a solution containing the polynucleotide with the use of an externally applied cuff.

Abstract: A system relating to the delivery of desired compounds (e.g., drugs and nucleic acids) into cells using pH-sensitive delivery systems. The system provides compositions and methods for the delivery and release of a compound to a cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for transferring nucleic acids into cells in vitro and in vivo. The compositions comprise a transfection reagent and one or more detergents. In preferred embodiments, the compositions comprise delivery systems providing nucleic acid transfer complexes that transfect cells with high efficiency.