Abstract: Water-soluble or water-dispersible graft polymers which are obtainable by free-radical-initiated polymerization of(A) a monomer or monomer mixture comprising(a) from 20 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a mixture thereof or alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof,(b) from 0 to 80% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerized with the monomers (a), and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of proteins (B)in an A:B weight ratio of from (95 to 10):(5 to 90), are used as tanning agents for self-tanning, pretanning and assist tanning of pelts and skin pelts and for the retanning of leather and skin.

Abstract: Maleimide/.alpha.-olefin copolymers are composed of structural units I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a tetramethylpiperidinyl radical of the formula II ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, formyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkoxy, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -cycloalkoxy, cyanomethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl or a radical of the formula --CR.sup.4 =CH--CO--OR.sup.5, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or a radical of the formula --CO--OR.sup.5, andR.sup.5 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 -aralkyl, phenyl or tolyl, andup to 8 mol %, based on II, of R.sup.1 may furthermore be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, and R.sup.2 is a mixture of C.sub.14 -C.sub.28 -alkyl groups, where two of these alkyl groups, which may differ by no more than two carbon atoms, each account for at least 30% of this mixture, having an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 50,000.

Abstract: Copolymers which contain a) from 2 to 50 mol % of vinyl alkyl ethers having 3 to 30 carbon atoms in the molecule, b) from 10 to 88 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides and c) from 10 to 88 mol % of dialkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids as typical monomer units in polymerized form are prepared by copolymerizing the monomers a), b) and c) at from 40.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of free radical initiators and are used as film-forming resins in hair sprays and, in the form of the alkali metal, ammonium or alkaline earth metal salts, as thickeners for aqueous systems, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, textile print pastes, liquid detergents and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Nitrile impurities are eliminated from polymers which contain acyclic N-vinyl-carboxamide and/or vinylamine units by treating the polymers with at least one oxidizing agent a) with exposure to light and/or b) in the presence of heavy metal ions.

Abstract: A water-soluble or water-dispersible graft copolymer obtainable by free-radical graft copolymerization of(I) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer onto(II) polymers with a molecular weight of 200-5000 of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereofusing from 5 to 2,000 parts by weight of the monomers (I) per 100 parts by weight of grafting base, a process for preparing the graft copolymers and the use of the graft copolymers as additive to phosphate-free or reduced phosphate textile detergents, as dispersants and preventers of deposits in cleaners for hard surfaces and as water-treatment agents for reducing the deposition of scale and the separation out of water hardness in water-conveying systems.

Abstract: Mixtures of(I)polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having a molecular weight of from 200 to 5,000 and(II)(1) copolymers having a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 150,000 and comprising(a) from 10 to 70% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -dicarboxylic acids or the salts thereof and(b) from 30 to 90% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -monocarboxylic acids and/or the salts thereof,(2) graft polymers having a molecular weight of from 5,000 to 150,000, which are obtainable by free radical graft polymerization of(A) monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -carboxylic acids or the anhydrides and/or the salts thereof in the presence of(B) mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides and the derivatives thereof in a weight ratio (A) : (B) of (95 to 20) : (5 to 80), and/or(3) polyaminocarboxylic acids and/or polymers containing aminocarboxylic acid groupscontain the components (I) and (II) in a weight ratio of from 10 : 0.5 to 0.

Abstract: Copolymers which are obtained by copolymerization ofa) from 5 to 99 mol % of N-vinylcarboxamides,b) from 95 to 1 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or amine salts thereof, and if required,c) up to 30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated compounds, and if required,d) up to 2 mol % of crosslinking agents,and subsequent partial or complete elimination of the acyl groups from the N-vinylcarboxamides polymerized in the copolymer, with formation of amino or ammonium groups, are used as additives to paper stock for increasing the drainage rate and the retention in papermaking, and the dry and wet strength of the paper.

Abstract: Soft leathers with a pleasant hand are obtained on fatliquoring and filling leather and fur skins with water-soluble or water-dispersible graft polymers of vegetable and animal oils, obtainable by radically initiated polymerizationA) of a monomer or monomer mixture comprising(a) from 20 to 100% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and/or monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acids or their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts,(b) from 0 to 80% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a), and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of at least doubly ethylenically unconjugatedly unsaturated monomersin the presence ofB) vegetable and/or animal oils in a weight ratio of A:B of (80-1):(20-99).

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: Insoluble, only slightly swellable polymers containing amino groups, which can be obtained from popcorn polymers containing units of the structure ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, by eliminating the group R--CO-- from at least 2% of the incorporated units of the structure I, with the formation of units of the structure II ##STR2## a process for the preparation of the amino-containing popcorn polymers by polymerizing N-vinylcarboxamides and, if desired, other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith with from 0.

Abstract: Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 100% by weight of open-chain N-vinylcarboxamides(b) from 0 to 90% by weight of other, carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of(B) natural substances containing saccharide structures, such as mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides,in a weight ratio (A):(B) of from 95:5 to 20:80 and, if required, subsequent hydrolysis of the amido groups of the polymerized monomers (a) of the graft polymer with formation of amino groups, and said polymers are used as dry and wet strength agents for paper, board and cardboard.

Abstract: Polycocondensates based on aspartic acid which are obtainable by condensing aspartic acid in the presence of polymers containing carboxyl groups, which contain at least 10 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in copolymerized form and have a molecular weight of at least 300, in the weight ratio from 1,000:1 to 2:1, processes for preparing the polycocondensates and use of the polycocondensates in the form of the free acid groups or in a form neutralized with ammonia, amines, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases as an additive to detergents and cleaners, as scale inhibitors or as dispersants for finely divided solids are described.

Abstract: Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 100% by weight of open-chain N-vinylcarboxamides(b) from 0 to 90% by weight of other, carboxyl-free moneothylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of(B) natural substances containing saccharide structures, such as mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides,in a weight ratio (A):(B) of from 95:5 to 20:80 and, if required, subsequent hydrolysis of the amido groups of the polymerized monomers (a) of the graft polymer with formation of amino groups, and said polymers are used as dry and wet strength agents for paper, board and cardboard.

Abstract: Copolymers are prepared from monoethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups and N-vinyllactams and, if required, other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers by copolymerization of monomers in the presence of free radical polymerization initiators by a solution polymerization method in water at a pH of at least 6, by a process in which an alkali metal base or an alkaline earth metal base or a mixture thereof is used for establishing the pH of the aqueous reaction solution.

Abstract: Cleaned or chemically pretreated metal surfaces are modified using aqueous solutions of amino-containing organic polymers, the metal surfaces thus modified being particularly suitable for coating by cathodic electrodeposition.

Abstract: Products useful for fatliquoring and filling leather and fur skins are obtained on reactingA) homo- or copolymers based on monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides and obtainable by free-radically initiated polymerization ofa) from 30 to 100 mol % of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms,b) from 0 to 70 mol % of one or more aromatic vinyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and k is 1 or 2,(c) from 0 to 70 mol % of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.1 - to C.sub.8 -carboxylic acids,(d) from 0 to 50 mol % of one or more C.sub.2 - to C.sub.6 -olefins, and(e) from 0 to 30 mol % of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 - to C.sub.5 -carboxylic acids,which mixture of monomers (a) to (e) may additionally contain up to 10% by weight of further copolymerizable monomers, withB) amines of the general formula R.sub.4 R.sub.5 NH, where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: Water-soluble graft polymers of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, obtainable by free radical polymerization ofA) a monomer selected from, or a monomer mixture of,(a) from 20 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or of a mixture thereof or of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof,(b) from 0 to 80% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers having at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated, nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule,in the presence ofB) monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oxidatively, hydrolyrically or enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, oxidized hydrolyrically degraded or oxidized enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, chemically modified mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides or a mixture of the stated compounds in a weight ratio A:B of from 95:5 to 20:80, are used as a tanning agent for the self-

Abstract: Alkoxylation products which are suitable as dispersants and are of the general formula I ##STR1## where A is oxygen or --CO--O-- when x and y are each 1 or is nitrogen when x+y=3,B is ethylidene or 1,2-propylidene,Z is one of the groups ##STR2## D.sup..crclbar. is formate, acetate, propionate or hydroxide, E.sup..crclbar. is carboxylate or sulfonate,M is a bridge group for completion of a pyrrolidone, succinimide or maleimide ring to give a group ##STR3## n is from 1 to 50, q is from 1 to 4,x and y are each 1 or 2, with the proviso that x+y.ltoreq.3,R.sup.1 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 -alkyl or, when A is oxygen, is C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -alkyl-substituted phenyl,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl andR.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl,a process for their preparation, their use for dispersing finely divided solids in flowable media, and formulations containing the alkoxylation products.

Abstract: There are described rhodamine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or R.sup.2 is paired off with R.sup.5 or R.sup.4 with R.sup.6 to form 1,3-propylene, which can be substituted,R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each hydrogen or methyl,R.sup.9 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or a radical of the formula (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O--).sub.n H, where n is 2 or 3, andAn.sup..crclbar. is the equivalent of an anion derived from an addition or condensation polymer that contains acid groups, novel cyclic rhodamine dyes, and the use of the novel rhodamine derivatives and cyclic rhodamine dyes for dyeing polyacrylonitrile fibers, for incorporation into polymers or for preparing inks.

Abstract: Pigment formulations containing(a) at least one finely divided pigment,(b) at least one copolymer obtainable by free radical polymerization of(.alpha..sub.1) C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -monoolefins or(.alpha..sub.2) C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl vinyl ethers or(.alpha..sub.3) a mixture of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl vinyl ethers and up to 50 mol % of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -monoolefins with(.beta.) monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic acids or C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic anhydridesand having a molecular weight of from 500 to 20,000 g/mol, some or all of whose carboxyl or anhydride groups may be reacted with ammnonia, amines, alcohols, amino- or hydroxycarboxylic acids or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and(c) if required, further assistants conventionally used in pigment formulationsare used for the preparation of pastes, printing inks and coatings.

Abstract: Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures of(a) from 10 to 100% by weight of open-chain N-vinylcarboxamides(b) from 0 to 90% by weight of other, carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of(B) natural substances containing saccharide structures, such as mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides,in a weight ratio (A):(B) of from 95:5 to 20:80 and, if required, subsequent hydrolysis of the amido groups of the polymerized monomers (a) of the graft polymer with formation of amino groups, and said polymers are used as dry and wet strength agents for paper, board and cardboard.