Abstract: An apparatus for delivering a volatile material in a continuous manner is disclosed. The apparatus includes a delivery engine having a reservoir for containing a volatile material; a rupturable substrate secured to the reservoir; a rupture element positioned adjacent to the rupturable substrate; and a breathable membrane enclosing the reservoir, rupturable substrate and rupture element.

Abstract: A multiple particle beam microscope and an associated method can provide a fast autofocus around an adjustable working distance. A system can have one or more fast autofocus correction lenses for adapting, in high-frequency fashion, the focusing, the position, the landing angle and the rotation of individual particle beams upon incidence on a wafer surface during the wafer inspection. Fast autofocusing in the secondary path of the particle beam system can be implemented in analogous fashion. An additional increase in precision can be attained via fast aberration correction mechanism in the form of deflectors and/or stigmators.

Abstract: A method of using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract information from online news feeds and then using the information so extracted to predict changes in stock prices or volatilities. These predictions can be used to make profitable trading strategies. Company names can be recognized and simple templates describing company actions can be automatically filled using parsing or pattern matching on words in or near the sentence containing the company name. These templates can be clustered into groups which are statistically correlated with changes in the stock prices. The system is composed of two parts: message understanding component that automatically fills in simple templates and a statistical correlation component that tests the correlation of these patterns to increases or decreases in the stock price.

Abstract: A system includes one or more modular hot aisle cooling units (MHACUs) disposed in a data hall, each MHACU configured to cool one or more servers in the data hall. The system also includes a fluid cooler configured to receive the heated fluid from the one or more MHACUs, cool the heated fluid into cooled fluid, and output the cooled fluid. The system also includes a fluid supply line configured to convey the cooled fluid to the one or more MHACUs in order to cool heated air inside the data hall. The system also includes a pump package configured to control a flow of the heated fluid and the cooled fluid. The fluid cooler, the one or more MHACUs, and the pump package form a single fluid loop.

Abstract: To measure an effect of a wavelength-dependent measuring light reflectivity RRet of a lithography mask, a measuring light beam is caused to impinge on said lithography mask within a field of view of a measuring apparatus. The measuring light has a wavelength bandwidth between a wavelength lower limit and a wavelength upper limit differing therefrom. The reflected measuring light emanating from an impinged section of the lithography mask is captured by a detector. A filter with a wavelength-dependent transmission within the wavelength bandwidth is introduced into a beam path of the measuring light beam between the measuring light source and the detector. The measuring light reflected by the lithography mask is captured again by the detector once the filter has been introduced. The wavelength-dependent reflectivity RRet or an effect of the wavelength-dependent reflectivity RRet is determined on the basis of the capture results.

Abstract: A method for producing a reflecting optical element for a projection exposure apparatus (1). The element has a substrate (30) with a substrate surface (31), a protection layer (38) and a layer partial system (39) suitable for the EUV wavelength range. The method includes: (a) measuring the substrate surface (31), (b) irradiating the substrate (30) with electrons (36), and (c) tempering the substrate (30). Furthermore, an associated reflective optical element for the EUV wavelength range, a projection lens with a mirror (18, 19, 20) as reflective optical element, and a projection exposure apparatus (1) including such a projection lens.

Abstract: When measuring a reflectivity of an object for measurement light, initially the object and a reflectivity measurement apparatus are provided. The latter includes a measurement light source, an object holder for holding the object and a spatially resolving detector for capturing measurement light reflected by the object. A measurement light beam impinges on a section of the object within a field of view of the measurement apparatus. The reflected measurement light coming from the impinged-upon section of the object is captured. A surface area of the captured section is at most 50 ?m×50 ?m. The measurement is performed by the detector. Next, at least one reflectivity parameter of the object is determined on the basis of an intensity of the captured measurement light. The result is a measurement method and a metrology system operating therewith, whereby reflectivities in particular of very finely structured objects, such as lithography masks, can be measured with sufficient precision.

Abstract: An architecture is provided for a widely distributed security system (SDI-SCAM) that protects computers at individual client locations, but which constantly pools and analyzes information gathered from machines across a network in order to quickly detect patterns consistent with intrusion or attack, singular or coordinated. When a novel method of attack has been detected, the system distributes warnings and potential countermeasures to each individual machine on the network. Such a warning may potentially include a probability distribution of the likelihood of an intrusion or attack as well as the relative probabilistic likelihood that such potential intrusion possesses certain characteristics or typologies or even strategic objectives in order to best recommend and/or distribute to each machine the most befitting countermeasure(s) given all presently known particular data and associated predicted probabilistic information regarding the prospective intrusion or attack.

Abstract: A method for producing a reflecting optical element for a projection exposure apparatus (1). The element has a substrate (30) with a substrate surface (31), a protection layer (38) and a layer partial system (39) suitable for the EUV wavelength range. The method includes: (a) measuring the substrate surface (31), (b) irradiating the substrate (30) with electrons (36), and (c) tempering the substrate (30). Furthermore, an associated reflective optical element for the EUV wavelength range, a projection lens with a mirror (18, 19, 20) as reflective optical element, and a projection exposure apparatus (1) including such a projection lens.

Abstract: A method for changing a shape of a surface of an optical element by particle irradiation includes: modelling the problem of determining a resulting change of the surface shape of the optical element from a control variable; determining a predefinition for the control variable of the particle irradiation from a predefined desired change of a surface shape of the optical element by ascertaining an extremum of a merit function; and radiating particles onto the surface of the optical element with a locally resolved effect distribution corresponding to the determined predefinition for the control variable, for the purpose of producing local surface changes at the surface of the optical element. Ascertaining the extremum corresponds to the solution of an Euler equation. The Euler equation defines an integral operator. The eigenvalues of the integral operator are determined, and the predefinition is a linear combination of a finite number of eigenfunctions of the integral operator.

Abstract: A hearing device configured to be fitted at or in a user's ear canal including an acoustic vent configured to enable sound waves to pass through the hearing device. A directional microphone is configured to create an output signal by amplifying sound traveling in a first direction through the acoustic vent toward the ear canal and attenuating sound traveling in a second direction through the acoustic vent from the ear canal. A receiver is configured to produce sound in response to the output signal. A method of operating a hearing device is also included.

Abstract: A method of using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract information from online news feeds and then using the information so extracted to predict changes in stock prices or volatilities. These predictions can be used to make profitable trading strategies. Company names can be recognized and simple templates describing company actions can be automatically filled using parsing or pattern matching on words in or near the sentence containing the company name. These templates can be clustered into groups which are statistically correlated with changes in the stock prices. The system is composed of two parts: message understanding component that automatically fills in simple templates and a statistical correlation component that tests the correlation of these patterns to increases or decreases in the stock price.

Abstract: A battery charging system comprises a battery operated device, a battery charger, and a pair of electrical contacts to electrically connect the battery charger and battery operated device to enable charging the battery, wherein the battery operated device comprises at least a rechargeable battery and short-circuit protection means to prevent discharge of the battery if the electrical contacts become electrically connected, and wherein the battery charger comprises at least monitoring and control circuit to charge the battery.

Abstract: A battery charging system comprises a battery operated device, a battery charger, and a pair of electrical contacts to electrically connect the battery charger and battery operated device to enable charging the battery, wherein the battery operated device comprises at least a rechargeable battery and short-circuit protection means to prevent discharge of the battery if the electrical contacts become electrically connected, and wherein the battery charger comprises at least monitoring and control circuit to charge the battery.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for changing a shape of a surface of an optical element via electron irradiation. The device includes an electron irradiation unit for radiating electrons onto the surface with a locally resolved energy dose distribution for the purpose of producing local material densifications in the optical element. Furthermore, the device includes a control unit for determining a locally resolved energy dose distribution from a predefined desired change of a surface shape of the optical element by optimization via a minimization of a merit function, in such a way that a difference between the desired change and an actual change of the surface shape of the optical element, the actual change being brought about on account of the predefinition determined, is minimized.

Abstract: A method for changing a shape of a surface of an optical element by particle irradiation includes: modelling the problem of determining a resulting change of the surface shape of the optical element from a control variable; determining a predefinition for the control variable of the particle irradiation from a predefined desired change of a surface shape of the optical element by ascertaining an extremum of a merit function; and radiating particles onto the surface of the optical element with a locally resolved effect distribution corresponding to the determined predefinition for the control variable, for the purpose of producing local surface changes at the surface of the optical element. Ascertaining the extremum corresponds to the solution of an Euler equation. The Euler equation defines an integral operator. The eigenvalues of the integral operator are determined, and the predefinition is a linear combination of a finite number of eigenfunctions of the integral operator.

Abstract: A hearing device configured to be fitted at or in a user's ear canal including an acoustic vent configured to enable sound waves to pass through the hearing device. A directional microphone is configured to create an output signal by amplifying sound traveling in a first direction through the acoustic vent toward the ear canal and attenuating sound traveling in a second direction through the acoustic vent from the ear canal. A receiver is configured to produce sound in response to the output signal. A method of operating a hearing device is also included.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for changing a shape of a surface of an optical element via electron irradiation. The device includes an electron irradiation unit for radiating electrons onto the surface with a locally resolved energy dose distribution for the purpose of producing local material densifications in the optical element. Furthermore, the device includes a control unit for determining a locally resolved energy dose distribution from a predefined desired change of a surface shape of the optical element by optimization via a minimization of a merit function, in such a way that a difference between the desired change and an actual change of the surface shape of the optical element, the actual change being brought about on account of the predefinition determined, is minimized.

Abstract: A film element of an EUV-transmitting wavefront correction device is arranged in a beam path and includes a first layer of first layer material having a first complex refractive index n1=(1??1)+iß1, with a first optical layer thickness, which varies locally over the used region in accordance with a first layer thickness profile, and a second layer of second layer material having a second complex refractive index n2=(1??2)+iß2, with a second optical layer thickness, which varies locally over the used region in accordance with a second layer thickness profile. The first and second layer thickness profiles differ. The deviation ?1 of the real part of the first refractive index from 1 is large relative to the absorption coefficient ß1 of the first layer material and the deviation ?2 of the real part of the second refractive index from 1 is small relative to the absorption coefficient ß2 of the second layer material.

Abstract: An optical assembly, in particular for a lithography system for imaging lithographic micro- or nanostructures, includes at least two optical elements arranged successively in a beam path of the optical assembly, an acquisition device designed to acquire radiation signals from marking elements on or at the at least two optical elements, and a control device coupled to the acquisition device and which is designed to determine the plurality of properties of the optically active surface of the at least two optical elements as a function of the information contained in the radiation signals originating from the marking elements. The disclosure also relates to a method for operating the optical assembly.