Abstract: Aqueous coating solution having a pH of from 3 to 8, comprising 0.5-5.0% by weight of [SiOx(OH)y]n particles, where 0<y<4 and 0<x<2, having a particle size of from 10 nm to 60 nm with a tolerance of ±10%, and from 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, based on the coating solution, of a surfactant mixture obtainable by hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraalkoxysilanes in an aqueous-alcoholic-ammoniacal medium at temperatures between 35° C. and 80° C., with subsequent removal of ammonia and alcohol from the resultant dispersion by steam distillation and subsequent addition of a surfactant mixture comprising 15-30% by weight of anionic surfactants, 5-15% by weight of nonionic surfactants and less than 5% by weight of amphoteric surfactants.

Abstract: A sol-gel process for producing layers of zirconium oxide is described which comprises the following stages: (i) production of a soluble, zirconium-containing powder by: (a) reaction of a zirconium alcoholate of the general formula Zr(OR)4, in which the residues R are the same or different and represent straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl residues with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which optionally exhibit one or more carbonyl and/or ester and/or carboxyl functions, with one or more polar compounds having complexing, chelating properties, (b) heating the solution, (c) mixing the solution with water, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, (d) concentrating the solution until a powder is obtained, (ii) dissolving the powder forming a sol, (iii) coating a substrate with the sol, and (iv) annealing the coated substrate.

Abstract: A coated glass product includes a glass substrate and a porous antireflection surface coating including SiO2-based particles having a first particle fraction including a first characteristic particle size range and a second particle fraction having a second characteristic particle size range that is different from the first characteristic particle size range. In addition, a method for producing the coated glass product is provided.

Abstract: Hybrid sol comprising [SiOx(OH)y]n particles, where 0<y<4 and 0<x<2, which consist of a mixture of a first fraction of particles having a particle size of 4-15 nm and a second fraction of particles having a mean particle size of 15-60 nm, water and a solvent; obtainable by hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraalkoxysilanes in an aqueous, solvent-containing medium with addition of a monodisperse silicon oxide hydroxide sol having a mean particle size of 15-60 nm and a maximum standard deviation of 20%, and the preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous coating solution having a pH of from 3 to 8, comprising 0.5-5.0% by weight of [SiOx(OH)y]n particles, where 0<y<4 and 0<x<2, having a particle size of from 10 nm to 60 nm with a tolerance of ±10%, and from 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, based on the coating solution, of a surfactant mixture obtainable by hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraalkoxysilanes in an aqueous-alcoholic-ammoniacal medium at temperatures between 35° C. and 80° C., with subsequent removal of ammonia and alcohol from the resultant dispersion by steam distillation and subsequent addition of a surfactant mixture comprising 15-30% by weight of anionic surfactants, 5-15% by weight of nonionic surfactants and less than 5% by weight of amphoteric surfactants.

Abstract: A sol-gel process for producing layers of zirconium oxide is described which comprises the following stages: (i) production of a soluble, zirconium-containing powder by: (a) reaction of a zirconium alcoholate of the general formula Zr (OR)4, in which the residues R are the same or different and represent straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl residues with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which optionally exhibit one or more carbonyl and/or ester and/or carboxyl functions, with one or more polar compounds having complexing, chelating properties, (b) heating the solution, (c) mixing the solution with water, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, (d) concentrating the solution until a powder is obtained, (ii) dissolving the powder forming a sol, (iii) coating a substrate with the sol, and (iv) annealing the coated substrate.

Abstract: A sol-gel process for producing layers of zirconium oxide is described which comprises the following stages:

Abstract: A process for depositing optical layers of metal oxides on glass, ceramics or metals, by subjecting the substrate which is to be coated to a purifying pretreatment, purifying the aqueous sol of a metal oxide or a mixture of metal oxides, applying the aqueous sol or sol mixture to the substrate which is to be coated, and heat-treating the coated substrate at temperatures of from 100 to 550° C.

Abstract: A method of and a solution for making a highly porous optical antireflection coating of a selectively designed index of refraction, by applying a colloidal dispersion derived from hydrolytically condensing, in the presence of water and a catalyst, one or more silicon compounds of the general formula RaSiX4-a, or precondensates derived therefrom, to a substrate. In the formula, R is an organic group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or amino groups, X is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or NR′2, R′ being hydrogen, alkyl or aryl and a being 0, 1 or 2. The solution also contains colloidally dispersed organic polymers at a molar ratio, relative to the silane, between 0.1 mmol/mol silane and 100 mmol/mol silane, the median molecular mass of the polymer being between 200 and 500,000. Sol-vents, preferably alcohol, may also be present in the solution.

Abstract: A method of making porous ceramics of lead titanate (PT) or lead zirconate PZT) of a Pb(Zr.sub.x Ti.sub.1-x) O.sub.3 compound from a gel made by mixing at least 2.5 equivalents of water based on the compound with a solution prepared from a polar solvent having complexing and chelating properties, one or more Pb(II) and PB(IV) carboxylates and at least one compound including titanium and zirconium of the general formula M(OR).sub.4 where M is titanium or zirconium and R is similar or different groups representing at least one of a straight chain, cross-linked and cyclic alkyl and alkenyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aging the resulting gel beyond its gel point, replacing the solvent in the pores of the gel by a chelating solvent, drying the resulting gel under supercritical conditions and tempering the resulting aerogel.

Abstract: The invention relates to viscous, aluminium-containing liquids suitable for roducing gel threads, filaments or fibres, a process for the production thereof and the use thereof for the production of alumina-containing, inorganic fibres. The liquids according to the invention comprise one or more partly or completely hydrolytically condensable compounds of aluminium and optionally further elements and/or precondensates derived from said compounds. The hydrolytically condensed Al-compounds are derived from compounds of formula (I)Al(OR*).sub.3 (I)in which the radicals R* stand for propyl or butyl in that the Al(OR*).sub.3 is reacted with an alcohol of formulas (II) or (III): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl radical, R.sup.2 for an alkylene radical and X is O, S or NR.sup.3, with R.sup.3 being hydrogen or alkyl. The resulting Al-compounds are complexed with a low molecular weight carboxylic acid and hydrolytically condensed.

Abstract: The intermediate product which is used in a method of making a molded arte, especially an endless PZT fiber, is itself made by a method including mixing an organic zirconium compound, Zr(OR.sup.1).sub.4, and an organic titanium compound, Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being C.sub.1 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl groups, separately or together with 0 to 4 moles of at least one alcohol of the formula R.sup.3 --X--R.sup.4 --OH or R.sup.3 --CX--R.sup.4 --OH, X being O, S or an amine group and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 being C.sub.1 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl groups, per mole of the zirconium and titanium compounds; reacting the zirconium and titanium compounds in the resulting mixture or mixtures with one to three moles of at least one C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -carboxylic acid per mole of the zirconium and titanium compounds to form at least one reaction mixture; mixing the at least one reaction mixture and reacting with 1 to 1.

Abstract: A process for producing UV or UV/IR or IR/UV-hardened coatings on substrates by applying a coating compound to the substrate to be coated and by the action of UV radiation, or combined UV/IR or IR/UV radiation, as well as UV or UV/IR or IR/UV-hardenable coating compounds comprising a component A, which is a solution of a complexed, metal organic Ti or Zr compound with polymerizable ligands, a component B, which is a hydrolyzate of one or more radically polymerizable alkoxy silanes of general formula ##STR1## and 0.1 to 5% by weight of a component C, which is an initiator for the polymerization.

Abstract: The endless PZT fiber is a lead zirconate-lead titanate mixed substance and s made by a method including the steps of mixing an organic zirconium compound, Zr(OR.sup.1).sub.4, and an organic titanium compound, Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each being a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl group, separately or together with 0 to 4 moles of at least one alcohol of the formula R.sup.3 --X--R.sup.4 --OH or R.sup.3 --CX--R.sup.4 --OH, X being O, S or an amine group and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each being a C.sub.1 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl group, per mole of the zirconium and titanium compounds; reacting the zirconium compound and titanium compounds in the resulting mixture or mixtures with one to three moles of at least one C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -carboxylic acid per mole of the zirconium and titanium compounds to form at least one reaction mixture; mixing the at least one reaction mixture from the reacting step with 1 to 1.