Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method relate to certified defense against adversarial patch attacks. A set of one-mask images is generated using a first mask at a set of predetermined regions of a source image. The source image is obtained from a sensor. A set of one-mask predictions is generated, via a machine learning system, based on the set of one-mask images. A first one-mask image is extracted from the set of one-mask images. The first one-mask image is associated with a first one-mask prediction that is identified as a minority amongst the set of one-mask predictions. A set of two-mask images is generated by masking the first one-mask image using a set of second masks. The set of second masks include at least a first submask and a second submask in which a dimension of the first submask is less than a dimension of the first mask. A set of two-mask predictions is generated based on the set of two-mask images.

Abstract: Provided are a package structure and a method of forming the same. The method includes providing a first package having a plurality of first dies and a plurality of second dies therein; performing a first sawing process to cut the first package into a plurality of second packages, wherein one of the plurality of second packages comprises three first dies and one second die; and performing a second sawing process to remove the second die of the one of the plurality of second packages, so that a cut second package is formed into a polygonal structure with the number of nodes greater than or equal to 5.

Abstract: Exemplary subpixel structures include a directional light-emitting diode structure characterized by a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of emitted light having a divergence angle of less than or about 10°. The subpixel structure further includes a lens positioned a first distance from the light-emitting diode structure, where the lens is shaped to focus the emitted light from the light-emitting diode structure. The subpixel structure still further includes a patterned light absorption barrier positioned a second distance from the lens. The patterned light absorption barrier defines an opening in the barrier, and the focal point of the light focused by the lens is positioned within the opening. The subpixels structures may be incorporated into a pixel structure, and pixel structures may be incorporated into a display that is free of a polarizer layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device includes a substrate, a well structure on the substrate with the well structure having a recess with side walls and a floor, a lower metal layer covering the floor and side-walls of the well, an upper conductive layer on the lower metal layer covering the floor of the well and contacting the lower metal layer, the upper conductive layer having outer edges at about an intersection of the side walls and the floor, a dielectric layer formed of an oxide of the lower metal layer covering the side walls of the well without covering the upper conductive layer, a stack of OLED layers covering at least the floor of the well, the upper conductive layer providing an electrode for the stack of OLED layers, and a light extraction layer (LEL) in the well over the stack of OLED layers and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Exemplary subpixel structures include a directional light-emitting diode structure characterized by a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of emitted light having a divergence angle of less than or about 10°. The subpixel structure further includes a lens positioned a first distance from the light-emitting diode structure, where the lens is shaped to focus the emitted light from the light-emitting diode structure. The subpixel structure still further includes a patterned light absorption barrier positioned a second distance from the lens. The patterned light absorption barrier defines an opening in the barrier, and the focal point of the light focused by the lens is positioned within the opening. The subpixels structures may be incorporated into a pixel structure, and pixel structures may be incorporated into a display that is free of a polarizer layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode display including a substrate having a driving circuitry and a plurality of light emitting diode structures disposed on the substrate. Each light-emitting diode structure has a light emitting diode with a light emission zone having a planar portion, and a pigmentless light extraction layer of a UV-cured ink disposed over the light-emitting diode. The light extraction layer has a gradient in index of refraction along an axis normal to the planar portion, and the index of refraction of the light extraction layer decreases with distance from the planar portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to 3D imaging capable OLED displays. A light field display comprises an array of 3D light field pixels, each of which comprises an array of corrugated OLED pixels, a metasurface layer disposed adjacent to the array of 3D light field pixels, and a plurality of median layers disposed between the metasurface layer and the corrugated OLED pixels. Each of the corrugated OLED pixels comprises primary or non-primary color subpixels, and produces a different view of an image through the median layers to the metasurface to form a 3D image. The corrugated OLED pixels combined with a cavity effect reduce a divergence of emitted light to enable effective beam direction manipulation by the metasurface. The metasurface having a higher refractive index and a smaller filling factor enables the deflection and direction of the emitted light from the corrugated OLED pixels to be well controlled.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes, and displays including electroluminescent devices. In an embodiment is provided an electroluminescent device that includes a pixel defining layer, an organic emitting unit disposed over at least a portion of the pixel defining layer, and a filler layer disposed over at least a portion of the organic emitting unit, wherein a refractive index of the pixel defining layer is lower than a refractive index of the filler layer, and wherein the refractive index of the pixel defining layer is lower than a refractive index of one or more layers of the organic emitting unit. In another embodiment is provided a display device that includes a substrate, a thin film transistor formed on the substrate, an interconnection electrically coupled to the thin film transistor, and an electroluminescent device electrically coupled to the interconnection.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device includes a substrate, a well structure on the substrate with the well structure having a recess with side walls and a floor, a lower metal layer covering the floor and side-walls of the well, an upper conductive layer on the lower metal layer covering the floor of the well and contacting the lower metal layer, the upper conductive layer having outer edges at about an intersection of the side walls and the floor, a dielectric layer formed of an oxide of the lower metal layer covering the side walls of the well without covering the upper conductive layer, a stack of OLED layers covering at least the floor of the well, the upper conductive layer providing an electrode for the stack of OLED layers, and a light extraction layer (LEL) in the well over the stack of OLED layers and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device includes a substrate, a well structure on the substrate with the well structure having a recess with side walls and a floor, a lower metal layer covering the floor and side-walls of the well, an upper conductive layer on the lower metal layer covering the floor of the well and contacting the lower metal layer, the upper conductive layer having outer edges at about an intersection of the side walls and the floor, a dielectric layer formed of an oxide of the lower metal layer covering the side walls of the well without covering the upper conductive layer, a stack of OLED layers covering at least the floor of the well, the upper conductive layer providing an electrode for the stack of OLED layers, and a light extraction layer (LEL) in the well over the stack of OLED layers and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Exemplary subpixel structures include a directional light-emitting diode structure characterized by a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of emitted light having a divergence angle of less than or about 10°. The subpixel structure further includes a lens positioned a first distance from the light-emitting diode structure, where the lens is shaped to focus the emitted light from the light-emitting diode structure. The subpixel structure still further includes a patterned light absorption barrier positioned a second distance from the lens. The patterned light absorption barrier defines an opening in the barrier, and the focal point of the light focused by the lens is positioned within the opening. The subpixels structures may be incorporated into a pixel structure, and pixel structures may be incorporated into a display that is free of a polarizer layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting pixel structure is described that may include a group of light-emitting diode structures, where each of the light-emitting diode structures is operable to emit light characterized by a different peak emission wavelength. The structures may also include a patterned light absorption barrier characterized by a group of openings in the barrier, where each of the openings permit a transmission of a portion of the light from one of the light-emitting diode structures through the barrier. The structures may further include a metasurface layer operable to change a direction of at least some of the light transmitted through the openings of the patterned light absorption barrier from the light-emitting diode structures.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) structure includes a light-emitting diode including an emissive electroluminescent layer situated between two electrodes, a light extraction layer (LEL) comprising a UV-cured ink, and a UV blocking layer between the LEL and the light-emitting diode. The UV blocking layer has a thickness of 50-500 nm and at least 90% absorption to UV light of wavelengths for curing the UV-cured ink.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode display including a substrate having a driving circuitry and a plurality of light emitting diode structures disposed on the substrate. Each light-emitting diode structure has a light emitting diode with a light emission zone having a planar portion, and a pigmentless light extraction layer of a UV-cured ink disposed over the light-emitting diode. The light extraction layer has a gradient in index of refraction along an axis normal to the planar portion, and the index of refraction of the light extraction layer decreases with distance from the planar portion.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure includes a stack of OLED layers; a light extraction layer (LEL) comprising a UV-cured ink; and a UV blocking layer between the LEL and the stack of OLED layers.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure includes a stack of OLED layers that includes a light emission zone having a planar portion, and a light extraction layer formed of a UV-cured ink disposed over the light emission zone of the stack of OLED layers. The light extraction layer has a gradient in index of refraction along an axis normal to the planar portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to 3D imaging capable OLED displays. A light field display comprises an array of 3D light field pixels, each of which comprises an array of corrugated OLED pixels, a metasurface layer disposed adjacent to the array of 3D light field pixels, and a plurality of median layers disposed between the metasurface layer and the corrugated OLED pixels. Each of the corrugated OLED pixels comprises primary or non-primary color subpixels, and produces a different view of an image through the median layers to the metasurface to form a 3D image. The corrugated OLED pixels combined with a cavity effect reduce a divergence of emitted light to enable effective beam direction manipulation by the metasurface. The metasurface having a higher refractive index and a smaller filling factor enables the deflection and direction of the emitted light from the corrugated OLED pixels to be well controlled.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to graded slope bottom reflective electrode layer structures for top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display pixels. An EL device includes a pixel definition layer having a top surface, a bottom surface, and graded sidewalls interconnecting the top and bottom surfaces and a bottom reflective electrode layer disposed over the pixel definition layer. The bottom reflective electrode layer includes a planar electrode portion disposed over the bottom surface and a graded reflective portion disposed over the graded sidewalls, where the graded reflective portion has a concave profile. The EL device includes an organic layer disposed over the bottom reflective electrode layer and a top electrode disposed over the organic layer. Also described herein are methods for fabricating the EL device.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure includes depositing a light extraction layer (LEL) over a stack of OLED layers by directing fluid droplets of a LEL precursor to an array of well structures separated by plateau areas. Each well structure includes a recess with sidewalls and a floor, and the plateau areas have rounded top surfaces such that the droplets of the LEL precursor are guided into recesses of the well structures. The droplets of the LEL precursor are cured to solidify the LEL in the recess.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure includes a substrate, a dielectric layer on the substrate having an array of well structures with each well structure including a recess with side walls and a floor and the recesses are separated by plateaus having rounded top surfaces, a stack of OLED layers covering at least the floor of the well, and a light extraction layer (LEL) in the well over the stack of OLED layers.