Abstract: A display includes pixel circuits each having a liquid crystal layer, a storage capacitor to store an electric charge corresponding to a data voltage, and a controller to enable different percentages of the data voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal layer depending on an operation state of the display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first alignment film having a first alignment direction, a second alignment film having a second alignment direction, and a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules between the first and second alignment films. The liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral material that tends to induce a first twist in directors of the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The first and second alignment films have orientations that tends to induce a second twist in the directors when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, in which the direction of the first twist is different from the direction of the second twist.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate having a first electrode and a first alignment film, a second substrate having a second electrode and a second alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer having liquid crystal molecules between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal layer is doped with a chiral material that tends to induce a twist in directors of the liquid crystal molecules when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer using the first and second electrodes. The first alignment film has a first alignment direction, the second alignment film has a second alignment direction, and the first and second alignment films have orientations that tend to induce a twist in the directors when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, in which the direction of twist induced by the first and second alignment films is different from the direction of twist induced by the chiral material.

Abstract: A method for fabricating DRAM cells, e.g., dynamic random access memory cells. The method includes providing a semiconductor substrate, e.g., silicon wafer. The method includes forming a plurality of NMOS transistor gate structures. Each of the NMOS gate structures includes an NMOS source region and an NMOS drain region and a plurality of PMOS gate structures. Each of the PMOS gate structures includes a PMOS source region and a PMOS drain region. The NMOS gate structures are formed on P-type well regions and the PMOS gate structures are formed on N-type well regions. An interlayer dielectric layer is overlying each of the gate structures while filling a gap between two or more of the NMOS gate structures.

Abstract: A planar light source device includes a substrate, a circuit layer and light sources. The substrate is penetrable to visible light and has a radiating surface and a second surface opposite the radiating surface. The circuit layer and the light sources are disposed on the second surface of the substrate, and the light sources are electrically connected to the circuit layer.

Abstract: A driving method of a multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD, which receives an image signal and displays a frame according to the image signal received, includes a plurality of scan lines. The driving method according to the invention initially enables one of the scan lines, then determines whether to proceed with resetting the enabled scan line or not. If the enabled scan line is to be reset, a low voltage is applied to the pixels on the enabled scan line. If the enabled scan line is not to be reset, the image signal is applied to the pixels on the enabled scan line.

Abstract: A multi-domain vertically aligned liquid crystal display includes an active element array substrate, an opposite substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two substrates. The active element array substrate has a plurality of pixel units. Each pixel unit has a pixel electrode and the pixel electrode includes a first alignment pattern and a second alignment pattern. The opposite substrate includes a plurality of common electrodes and each common electrode includes a third alignment pattern and a fourth alignment pattern. The liquid crystal layer proximal each pixel unit is divided into a first domain set and a second domain set, wherein the first alignment pattern and the third alignment pattern correspond to the first domain set, and the second alignment pattern and the fourth alignment pattern correspond to the second domain set.

Abstract: A planar light source device includes a substrate, a circuit layer and light sources. The substrate is penetrable to visible light and has a radiating surface and a second surface opposite the radiating surface. The circuit layer and the light sources are disposed on the second surface of the substrate, and the light sources are electrically connected to the circuit layer.

Abstract: A MVA LCD (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Display) is provided. The MVA LCD includes a first substrate and a second substrate; a common electrode disposed on a first surface of the first substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on a first surface of the second substrate and corresponds to the common electrode; a plurality of liquid crystal molecules filled between the first substrate and the second substrate; a domain regulating means disposed on the first substrate or the second substrate for regulating the LC director of the liquid crystal molecules; a first quarter-wave (¼?) plate disposed on the top of a second surface of the first substrate; a first linear light polarizer sheet disposed on the top of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate disposed on the bottom of a second surface of the second substrate; and a second linear light polarizer sheet disposed on the bottom of the second quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: A multi-domain vertically aligned liquid crystal display (MVA LCD) includes an active component array substrate, an opposite substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The active component array substrate has a plurality of pixel units, and the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the active component array substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal layer proximal each pixel unit is divided into plural domain sets. Each domain set has plural domains.

Abstract: A wheel structure includes a tire, a hub, pads and fastening elements. The tire has a hollow body with a pair of hub holes to receive the hub therein. Each hub hole is provided with an engaging wall and a securing edge extending outwardly form the engaging wall. The hub has a pair of confining sections at respective ends. Each confining section has a confining groove with a plurality of holes thereon. Each pad is formed with a plurality of locating holes corresponding to the holes of each confining groove so as to secure the pads to the hub and to restrain the tire to the hub securely.

Abstract: A pixel signal for a pixel has an initial voltage during a frame period. The pixel signal is driven from the initial voltage to an intermediate voltage larger than the initial voltage during the frame period, and the pixel signal is maintained at the intermediate voltage for a time interval. After the time interval, the pixel signal is driven from the intermediate voltage to a target voltage larger than the intermediate voltage during the frame period.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display mainly includes a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy between the first and second substrates; and an array of first protrusions, second protrusions and third protrusions for setting the orientation of liquid crystal molecules inside pixels to a plurality of mutually different directions. The first protrusions are formed on pixel electrodes of the second substrate. Every two of the first protrusions are arranged substantially in a V-shaped pattern. The first and second protrusions are arranged alternately and in parallel to one another. The liquid crystal display of the present invention is provided with a plurality of first capacitor electrodes each in a K-shaped pattern and a plurality of second capacitor electrodes each in a V-shaped pattern wherein the first and second capacitor electrodes and the first protrusions are formed in spatially opposed relation to one another.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved apparatus and method for mass spectrometry using a dual ion trapping system. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, three “linear” multipoles are combined to create a dual linear ion trap system for trapping, analyzing, fragmenting and transmitting parent and fragment ions to a mass analyzer—preferably a TOF mass analyzer. The dual ion trap according to the present invention includes two linear ion traps, one positioned before an analytic quadrupole and one after the analytic multipole. Both linear ion traps are multipoles composed of any desired number of rods—i.e. the traps are quadrupoles, pentapoles, hexapoles, octapoles, etc. Such arrangement enables one to maintain a high “duty cycle” while avoiding “memory effects” and also reduces the power consumed in operating the analyzing quadrupole.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) including an LCD panel and a driving unit is provided. The LCD panel has a red pixel, a green pixel, and a blue pixel. The driving unit is applied for receiving a red data signal, a green data signal, and a blue data signal, and outputting a red voltage signal, a green voltage signal, and a blue voltage signal for driving the red pixel, the green pixel, and the blue pixel respectively. When the red data signal, the green data signal, and the blue data signal all correspond to a specific gray level, the pixel luminance of the blue pixel is lower than the pixel luminance of the red pixel as well as the pixel luminance of the green pixel.

Abstract: A driving method of a multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD, which receives an image signal and displays a frame according to the image signal received, includes a plurality of scan lines. The driving method according to the invention initially enables one of the scan lines, then determines whether to proceed with resetting the enabled scan line or not. If the enabled scan line is to be reset, a low voltage is applied to the pixels on the enabled scan line. If the enabled scan line is not to be reset, the image signal is applied to the pixels on the enabled scan line.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate with a control circuit and electrodes thereon is used in a method of fabricating a liquid crystal on silicon display panel. First, a transparent conductive layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate and a cell gap is formed between the semiconductor substrate and the transparent conductive layer. A liquid crystal filling process is performed to fill the cell gap with a liquid crystal material including liquid crystal molecules and monomers. A uniform magnetic field is formed to pass through the panel so that the liquid crystal molecules and monomers are aligned in a predetermined tilt direction along the direction of the magnetic field. Next, a curing process is performed so that the monomers form a polymer network with the predetermined tilt direction. Thus, when an electric field is formed between the electrodes and the transparent conductive layer, the liquid crystal molecules rotate along the predetermined tilt direction.

Abstract: A system comprises a liquid crystal display viewable from front and side view points, and comprising a plurality of pixels having corresponding original luminance values, a plurality of data lines in the display, a plurality of data drivers for driving the data lines, and an adjusted gray scale generator for adjusting gray scales of the pixels and outputting adjusted gray scales to the data drivers for driving the data lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display mainly includes a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy between the first and second substrates; and an array of first protrusions, second protrusions and third protrusions for setting the orientation of liquid crystal molecules inside pixels to a plurality of mutually different directions. The first protrusions are formed on pixel electrodes of the second substrate. Every two of the first protrusions are arranged substantially in a V-shaped pattern. The first and second protrusions are arranged alternately and in parallel to one another. The liquid crystal display of the present invention is provided with a plurality of first capacitor electrodes each in a K-shaped pattern and a plurality of second capacitor electrodes each in a V-shaped pattern wherein the first and second capacitor electrodes and the first protrusions are formed in spatially opposed relation to one another.