Abstract: An image pickup apparatus including an electrochromic element, wherein the electrochromic element includes a complementary-type EC layer including a solvent and an anodic redox substance and a cathodic redox substance dissolved in the solvent, and image processing is performed based on a charge imbalance current flowing between a first electrode and a second electrode when a voltage lower than the voltage causing a substantial change in the transmittance of the EC layer is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a high-stability ion-selective membrane (ISM) containing a thallium porphyrin complex as an ionophore, the ISM containing: a compound represented by the following formula (1); a polymer; and a membrane solvent.

Abstract: As an example of an EC element in which vertical color separation is suppressed, the present disclosure provides an EC element including a pair of electrodes, a solvent, an anodic EC compound, and a cathodic EC compound. In the EC element, the difference between a solvation free energy of an oxidized form of the anodic EC compound in water and a solvation free energy of the oxidized form in octanol is 35 kcal/mol or more, and the difference between a solvation free energy of a reduced form of the cathodic EC compound in propylene carbonate and a solvation free energy of the reduced form in octanol is ?35 kcal/mol or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure repeatedly supplies, when controlling gradation of transmittance, a first voltage for advancing an electrochemical reaction for decreasing transmittance of an electrochromic layer and a second voltage for advancing an electrochemical reaction for increasing the transmittance of the electrochromic layer, in a time domain in which the electrochemical reaction of the electrochromic layer in the electrodes progresses in the first region and transmittance change of the first region is not visible.

Abstract: An EC element whose coloring unevenness due to concentration unevenness is reduced by bringing the ratio of red and green wavelength ranges of a colored form of an anodic EC compound close to the ratio of red and green wavelength ranges of a colored form of a cathodic EC compound.

Abstract: The disclosed electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposed to the first electrode, an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a plurality of first interconnections electrically connected to the first electrode. The first electrode has a single section in a first region overlapping with the electrochromic layer in a plan view. The plurality of first interconnections is electrically connected to the first electrode via a first lead-out electrode provided in a second region in contact with the first region in the plan view. A region between the plurality of first interconnections and the first electrode has a resistance lower than a region between adjacent first interconnections.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is provided in which resistance of a bus bar is reduced. This devices includes: a pair of base members; a pair of electrodes arranged between the pair of base members; an electrochromic layer arranged between the pair of electrodes; and at least one bus bar electrically connected to one of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: There is provided a light modulating element including a plurality of compounds whose light absorption characteristics change with external simulation. The plurality of compounds are compounds having different absorption wavelengths. The light modulating element has a variable transmittance VT(?) obtained by combining light absorption characteristics of the plurality of compounds. NWDMax<NWDMaxFP is satisfied.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes an effective optical region within a transmittance variable region, and sets the transmittance variable region and the effective optical region so that a shortest distances from a periphery of the transmittance variable region to a periphery of the effective optical region, d1 and d2, are 7.5% or more and 25% or less of a length of the transmittance variable region on a straight line including the shortest distances, L1, in a vertical direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrochromic mirror including a light reflective member, and an electrochromic device disposed on the reflective surface side of the light reflective member, wherein the electrochromic mirror includes a light detection region, the light detection region includes a plurality of openings defined in the light reflective member or a light transmissive member disposed between a bezel member and the light reflective member, and the electrochromic mirror is configured to control a transmittance of the electrochromic device in response to at least a portion of the amount of light in the light detection region.

Abstract: A battery unit disclosed herein includes a cell stack, bus bars, a cooler, and a heat transfer member. The cell stack includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The cooler includes a cooling surface that faces the second surface of the cell stack to cool the cell stack. The heat transfer member is arranged between the second surface of the cell stack and the cooling surface of the cooler to transfer heat of the cell stack to the cooler. The cooling surface of the cooler has a flat shape. The heat transfer member includes a plurality of bands extending along a stacking direction. The bands are located away from each other. At least one of the bands at least partially overlaps each of electrodes of a plurality of battery cells when viewed in a direction orthogonal to the cooling surface.

Abstract: The types and concentrations of multiple anodic electrochromic compounds are selected in such a manner that RGmax is 1.37 or less, in which RGmax is a maximum value among ratios between RGB signal ratios in the transmission state of an electrochromic device and in colored states of the anodic electrochromic compounds, the RGB signal ratios are obtained from TA(?) and the sensitivity of a photodetector, and TA(?) is a normalized variable transmittance obtained by a combination of absorptions of the anodic electrochromic compounds.

Abstract: An electrochromic element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; a peripheral sealing seal arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electrochromic layer arranged in a space demarcated by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the peripheral sealing seal, one of the first electrode and the second electrode is an anode electrode, and the other is a cathode electrode, the electrochromic layer is an electrochromic element having an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, the peripheral sealing seal is an anodic reaction-preferential peripheral sealing seal in which an oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound preferentially occurs near the peripheral sealing seal, and SA<SC, where SA is an area demarcated by the peripheral sealing seal of the anode electrode, and SC is an area demarcated by the peripheral sealing seal of the cathode electrode.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus including an electrochromic element, wherein the electrochromic element includes a complementary-type EC layer including a solvent and an anodic redox substance and a cathodic redox substance dissolved in the solvent, and image processing is performed based on a charge imbalance current flowing between a first electrode and a second electrode when a voltage lower than the voltage causing a substantial change in the transmittance of the EC layer is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An organic compound represented by the following general formula is provided. In the above formula (1), R11 to R15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom provided that at least one of R11, R13, and R15 represents the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group; and R11 to R15 may form a ring structure therebetween. R5 and R6 each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. In addition, R21 to R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom and may form a ring structure therebetween. The above groups except the acyl group may be substituted when necessary.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic element 110 including an anode electrode 2a, a cathode electrode 2b, and an electrochromic layer 4, and drive means 120 connected to the electrochromic element. The electrochromic element 110 includes a plurality of anode terminals (A1, A2) electrically connected to the anode electrode 2a, and a plurality of cathode terminals (C1, C2) electrically connected to the cathode electrode 2b, and each of the anode terminals constitutes a terminal pair in combination with one of the cathode terminals. At least part of a first application period in which the drive means 120 applies a voltage to a first terminal pair that is one of the terminal pairs and at least part of a second application period in which the drive means 120 applies a voltage to a second terminal pair that is another one of the terminal pairs are not overlapped with each other.

Abstract: An electrochromic device according to the present disclosure includes an electrochromic element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrochromic layer contains an anodic electrochromic compound and an oxidizable substance. The oxidizable substance is a substance which substantially does not undergo a color change due to oxidation and whose oxidant is not reduced. An oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is less likely to occur than an oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound. A controller is configured to control oxidation of the oxidizable substance based on a charge balance of the electrochromic element.

Abstract: A light-controlling device contains a plurality of compounds, wherein the plurality of compounds are compounds having different absorption. wavelengths, the light-controlling device has a variable transmittance VT (?) obtained by combining light absorption characteristics changes of the plurality of compounds, and CRMax<CRMaxFP is satisfied. CRMax is a maximum value among ratios of a signal strength ratio of transmitted light in a transmission state and a signal strength ratio of transmitted light in a light reduction state (light reduction state/transmission state or transmission state/light reduction state) in detection light wavelength regions of a photodetector. CRMaxFP is CRMax at a concentration ratio of the plurality of compounds at which wavelength flatness TF of VT (?) in the detection light wavelength regions has a minimum value TFFP.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an electrochromic element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; a peripheral seal disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electrochromic layer disposed in a space defined by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the peripheral seal, wherein the electrochromic layer includes an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, wherein the peripheral seal is an anode preferential peripheral seal that takes preference of oxidation reaction of anodic electrochromic compound near the peripheral seal, and wherein the anodic electrochromic compound in the electrochromic layer has a concentration greater than a concentration of the cathodic electrochromic compound.

Abstract: An EC element whose coloring unevenness due to concentration unevenness is reduced by bringing the ratio of red and green wavelength ranges of a colored form of an anodic EC compound close to the ratio of red and green wavelength ranges of a colored form of a cathodic EC compound.