Abstract: An image capturing apparatus comprising: an optical element that changes a transmittance of light; an image sensor; an acquisition unit that acquires information regarding a temperature of the optical element; a first control unit that controls a transmittance of the optical element; and a second control unit that controls exposure when a subject is captured using the image sensor and an image signal is output. The first control unit performs control so as to increase a target transmittance of the optical element in a first condition under which a temperature of the optical element exceeds a predetermined temperature, based on the information regarding the temperature, and the second control unit controls exposure excluding the transmittance according to a change in the transmittance of the optical element in the first condition.

Abstract: As an example of an EC element in which vertical color separation is suppressed, the present disclosure provides an EC element including a pair of electrodes, a solvent, an anodic EC compound, and a cathodic EC compound. In the EC element, the difference between a solvation free energy of an oxidized form of the anodic EC compound in water and a solvation free energy of the oxidized form in octanol is 35 kcal/mol or more, and the cathodic EC compound has a substituent containing any one element selected from halogens, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon.

Abstract: As an example of an EC element in which vertical color separation is suppressed, the present disclosure provides an EC element including a pair of electrodes, a solvent, an anodic EC compound, and a cathodic EC compound. In the EC element, the difference between a solvation free energy of an oxidized form of the anodic EC compound in water and a solvation free energy of the oxidized form in octanol is 35 kcal/mol or more, and the difference between a solvation free energy of a reduced form of the cathodic EC compound in propylene carbonate and a solvation free energy of the reduced form in octanol is ?35 kcal/mol or less.

Abstract: An electrochromic element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; a peripheral sealing seal arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electrochromic layer arranged in a space demarcated by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the peripheral sealing seal, one of the first electrode and the second electrode is an anode electrode, and the other is a cathode electrode, the electrochromic layer is an electrochromic element having an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, the peripheral sealing seal is an anodic reaction-preferential peripheral sealing seal in which an oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound preferentially occurs near the peripheral sealing seal, and SA<SC, where SA is an area demarcated by the peripheral sealing seal of the anode electrode, and SC is an area demarcated by the peripheral sealing seal of the cathode electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic element, which includes a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the electrodes. The electrochromic layer contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials. All of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrochromic mirror including a light reflective member, and an electrochromic device disposed on the reflective surface side of the light reflective member, wherein the electrochromic mirror includes a light detection region, the light detection region includes a plurality of openings defined in the light reflective member or a light transmissive member disposed between a bezel member and the light reflective member, and the electrochromic mirror is configured to control a transmittance of the electrochromic device in response to at least a portion of the amount of light in the light detection region.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes an effective optical region within a transmittance variable region, and sets the transmittance variable region and the effective optical region so that a shortest distances from a periphery of the transmittance variable region to a periphery of the effective optical region, d1 and d2, are 7.5% or more and 25% or less of a length of the transmittance variable region on a straight line including the shortest distances, L1, in a vertical direction.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element, including: a pair of electrodes; and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes and containing a plurality of kinds of organic electrochromic compounds, in which: at least one kind of the plurality of kinds of organic electrochromic compounds includes an organic electrochromic compound having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 700 nm or more during coloring thereof; and when an optical density in a decolored state thereof is defined as 0, a fluctuation ratio of a transmittance in a wavelength region of from 650 nm or more to 700 nm or less with respect to a central transmittance is within ±15% at an optical density of 0.3.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic element 110 including an anode electrode 2a, a cathode electrode 2b, and an electrochromic layer 4, and drive means 120 connected to the electrochromic element. The electrochromic element 110 includes a plurality of anode terminals (A1, A2) electrically connected to the anode electrode 2a, and a plurality of cathode terminals (C1, C2) electrically connected to the cathode electrode 2b, and each of the anode terminals constitutes a terminal pair in combination with one of the cathode terminals. At least part of a first application period in which the drive means 120 applies a voltage to a first terminal pair that is one of the terminal pairs and at least part of a second application period in which the drive means 120 applies a voltage to a second terminal pair that is another one of the terminal pairs are not overlapped with each other.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electrochromic device which has a high response speed and is excellent in durability even when a large current is flowed transiently, in which: an electrochromic layer arranged between a pair of electrodes contains an organic electrochromic material, a redox substance, and a solvent; the organic electrochromic material and the redox substance are each a material to be reversibly subjected to a redox reaction; and a potential at which the redox substance is oxidized (or reduced) is present between a potential at which the organic electrochromic material is reversibly oxidized (or reduced) and a potential at which the organic electrochromic material is irreversibly oxidized (or reduced).

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus comprising: an optical element that changes a transmittance of light; an image sensor; an acquisition unit that acquires information regarding a temperature of the optical element; a first control unit that controls a transmittance of the optical element; and a second control unit that controls exposure when a subject is captured using the image sensor and an image signal is output. The first control unit performs control so as to increase a target transmittance of the optical element in a first condition under which a temperature of the optical element exceeds a predetermined temperature, based on the information regarding the temperature, and the second control unit controls exposure excluding the transmittance according to a change in the transmittance of the optical element in the first condition.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic element, including: a first electrode and a second electrode, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent; a third electrode; and an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic material, and a cathodic organic electrochromic material that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode via the electrolyte, and in which the third electrode has an effective area that is larger than an effective area of the first electrode and an effective area of the second electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic device according to the present disclosure includes an electrochromic element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrochromic layer contains an anodic electrochromic compound and an oxidizable substance. The oxidizable substance is a substance which substantially does not undergo a color change due to oxidation and whose oxidant is not reduced. An oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is less likely to occur than an oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound. A controller is configured to control oxidation of the oxidizable substance based on a charge balance of the electrochromic element.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrochromic device in which resistance of a bus bar is reduced, including: a pair of base members; a pair of electrodes arranged between the pair of base members; an electrochromic layer arranged between the pair of electrodes, and at least one bus bar electrically connected to the electrode, wherein an arranging portion for the bus bar is provided in the base member or the electrode, and at least one part of the bus bar is arranged in the arranging portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochromic element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode, and an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance are present between the first electrode and the second electrode, the third electrode is electrically connectable to the first electrode or the second electrode via the electrolyte, the third electrode contains an irreversibly oxidizable substance, and the oxidizable substance is not oxidized by a first oxidant of the anodic organic electrochromic compound but is more easily oxidizable than a reductant in an irreversible oxidation reaction of the anodic organic electrochromic compound.

Abstract: An organic compound represented by the following general formula is provided. In the above formula (1), R11 to R15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom provided that at least one of R11, R13, and R15 represents the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group; and R11 to R15 may form a ring structure therebetween. R5 and R6 each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. In addition, R21 to R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom and may form a ring structure therebetween. The above groups except the acyl group may be substituted when necessary.

Abstract: An organic compound represented by the following general formula is provided. In the above formula (1), R11 to R15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom provided that at least one of R11, R13, and R15 represents the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group; and R11 to R15 may form a ring structure therebetween, R5 and R6 each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. In addition, R21 to R24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom and may form a ring structure therebetween. The above groups except the acyl group may be substituted when necessary.

Abstract: An electrochromic element, which includes a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the electrodes. The electrochromic layer contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials. All of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained.

Abstract: An electrochromic element, includes: a pair of electrodes (3, 5); and an electrochromic layer (7) disposed between the pair of electrodes (3, 5), the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation, in which: the electrochromic layer (7) contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials; and all of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained.

Abstract: A collimator lens unit in which an aperture limit stop formation member and a collimator lens are integrally disposed in a cylindrical member is inserted in a lens-barrel hole of the module casing so as to be reciprocatable in an optical axis direction, and a light-emitting unit is fixed in the lens-barrel hole, with an optical axis of a light source aligned with an optical axis of the collimator lens. A long hole through which an adjust pin is penetrated so as to be reciprocatable in the optical axis direction is formed in a peripheral sidewall of the lens-barrel hole, and a fitting portion in which the adjust pin is fit is formed in an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member. On an inner peripheral surface of the lens-barrel hole, at a position opposed to the fitting portion, bearing portions in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member are formed.