Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for alcohol production by reducing an esterification product, such as ethyl acetate. The processes comprise esterifying, in the vapor phase, acetic acid and an alcohol such as ethanol to produce the esterification product. The esterification product is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a crude reaction mixture comprising the alcohol, in particular ethanol, which may be separated from the crude reaction mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for alcohol production by reducing an esterification product, such as ethyl acetate. The processes comprise esterifying an excess molar ratio of acetic acid with an alcohol, such as ethanol, to produce the esterification product. The esterification product is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a crude reaction mixture comprising the alcohol, in particular ethanol, which may be separated from the crude reaction mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for alcohol production by reducing an esterification product, such as ethyl acetate. The processes comprise esterifying acetic acid and an alcohol such as ethanol to produce an esterification product. The esterification product may be recovered using an extractive separation. The esterification product is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a crude reaction mixture comprising the alcohol, in particular ethanol, which may be separated from the crude reaction mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for alcohol production by reducing an esterification product, such as ethyl acetate. The processes comprise esterifying acetic acid and an alcohol such as ethanol to produce an esterification product. The esterification product is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a crude reaction mixture comprising the alcohol, in particular ethanol, which may be separated from the crude reaction mixture. The crude reaction mixture may be further purified to recover ethanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and products associated with analyzing and monitoring heterogeneous populations of sulfated polysaccharides. In particular therapeutic heparin products including low molecular weight heparin products and methods of analyzing and monitoring these products are described.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display screen includes a first electrode plate, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, and a second electrode plate opposite to the first electrode plate. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are respectively disposed on the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and face the liquid crystal layer. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer respectively include a plurality of parallel first grooves and second grooves perpendicular to the first grooves formed thereon facing the liquid crystal layer. Furthermore, the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer respectively include a plurality of parallel and spaced carbon nanotube structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive tape. The conductive tape includes a adhesive layer and a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The adhesive layer has a first surface and an opposite second surface. The carbon nanotubes are substantially embedded in parallel in the adhesive layer and perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface. Each of the carbon nanotubes has two opposite ends extending out of the two opposite surfaces of the adhesive layer respectively. Further, a method for making the above-described conductive tape is also included.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display screen includes a first substrate, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, and a second substrate. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched therebetween. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer correspondingly are disposed on the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer respectively include a plurality of parallel first grooves and perpendicular second grooves. Furthermore, at least one of the alignment layers includes a carbon nanotube layer. The carbon nanotube layer includes at least one carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end to end and substantially aligned along a single direction.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods and systems for streaming data that can facilitate streaming during bandwidth fluctuations in a manner that can enhance the user experience. In one aspect, a forward-shifting technique is utilized to buffer data that is to be streamed, e.g. an enhancement layer in a FGS stream. Various techniques can drop layers actively when bandwidth is constant. The saved bandwidth can then be used to pre-stream enhancement layer portions. In another aspect, a content-aware decision can be made as to how to drop enhancement layers when bandwidth decreases. During periods of decreasing bandwidth, if a video segment does not contain important content, the enhancement layers will be dropped to keep the forward-shifting of the enhancement layer unchanged. If the enhancement layer does contain important content, it will be transmitted later when bandwidth increases.

Abstract: A method for making a liquid crystal display screen includes the steps of: providing a base comprising a surface; manufacturing a substrate, wherein manufacturing a substrate comprises: placing a carbon nanotube layer on the surface of the base, the carbon nanotube layer comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially aligned along a same direction; applying a fixing layer on a surface of the carbon nanotube layer, thereby obtaining a first substrate; and supplying a liquid crystal layer, wherein the carbon nanotubes of a first substrate are arranged perpendicular to that of a second substrate.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods and systems for streaming data that can facilitate streaming during bandwidth fluctuations in a manner that can enhance the user experience. In one aspect, a forward-shifting technique is utilized to buffer data that is to be streamed, e.g. an enhancement layer in a FGS stream. Various techniques can drop layers actively when bandwidth is constant. The saved bandwidth can then be used to pre-stream enhancement layer portions. In another aspect, a content-aware decision can be made as to how to drop enhancement layers when bandwidth decreases. During periods of decreasing bandwidth, if a video segment does not contain important content, the enhancement layers will be dropped to keep the forward-shifting of the enhancement layer unchanged. If the enhancement layer does contain important content, it will be transmitted later when bandwidth increases.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with at least one heating element located on at least one of a first substrate and a second substrate comprising at least one carbon nanotube structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and products associated with analyzing and monitoring heterogeneous populations of sulfated polysaccharides. In particular therapeutic heparin products including low molecular weight heparin products and methods of analyzing and monitoring these products are described.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, and a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment layer is located on the first substrate and face the liquid crystal layer. The second alignment layer is located on the second substrate and face the liquid crystal layer. Furthermore, at least one of the first and second alignment layers comprises a carbon nanotube structure, and the carbon nanotube structure is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate. A liquid crystal layer is located between the first and the second substrates. A first transparent heating layer is attached on the first substrate. A second transparent heating layer is attached on the second substrate. Each of the first and second transparent heating layers includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided that facilitate avoiding one or more wireless communication systems based at least in part on determining a level of unreliability of a reverse link channel related to a system. This can be based at least in part on determining whether the system can be accessed over the reverse link channel. If not, the wireless communication system can be avoided to conserve power utilized to perform such access attempts. Where the unreliability is temporary, however, some access attempts can be performed for systems of higher priority than a current system during the period of avoidance of one or more higher priority systems.

Abstract: A system for controlling multiple light sources is provided. The system includes a controller, a digital to analog converter (DAC), and at least one power amplifier. The controller is configured for receiving light control data for at least one light circuit, and for determining a digital luminance signal and an encoded address for each light circuit according to the light control data. The DAC is connected to the controller and configured for receiving the digital luminance signal and the encoded address for each light circuit, converting the digital luminance signal into an analog luminance signal, and for outputting the analog luminance signal according to the encoded address. Each power amplifier is connected to the DAC, and is configured for amplifying the analog luminance signal for the light circuit so as to drive the light circuit to control a corresponding light source.

Abstract: A method for making a liquid crystal display screen includes the following steps. Firstly, providing a base including a surface. Secondly, forming carbon nanotube structure on the surface of the base to obtain a first electrode plate preform, the carbon nanotubes of each carbon nanotube structure being oriented along the extending direction thereof. Thirdly, forming a fixing layer to cover the carbon nanotube structure, thereby obtaining a first electrode plate. Fourthly, repeating the above-described steps, thereby obtaining a second electrode plate. Lastly, forming a liquid crystal layer between the fixing layers of the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, the carbon nanotubes of the first electrode plate being perpendicular to that of the second electrode plate, thereby forming the liquid crystal display screen.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and products associated with analyzing and monitoring heterogeneous populations of sulfated polysaccharides. In particular therapeutic heparin products including low molecular weight heparin products and methods of analyzing and monitoring these products are described.

Abstract: A method for calculating coordinate values of a measuring machine is provided. The method includes receiving signals in three dimensions from a raster ruler signal generator, identifying a direction of each signal and multiply a frequency of each signal. The method further includes counting each of multiplied signals in each dimension, sending the counted data to the MCU. The method further includes adding the counted data of each of the multiplied signals in each dimension to obtain an accumulated number in each dimension and calculating coordinate values of the measuring machine according to the accumulated number in each dimension and a proportionality factor of the raster ruler signal generator.