Abstract: This invention describes a packaging structure for roll-type (wound-type) aluminum conductive polymer capacitor element. Two protective substrates are applied to sandwich a roll-type capacitor element in between with an insulating material surrounding the capacitor element also in between the protective substrates. The protective substrates comprise electrically separated anodic conductive pad and cathodic conductive pad on their surfaces and through holes that pass through the conductive pads. The capacitor element is oriented with its axis perpendicular to the two substrates. The anodic and cathodic leads of the capacitor element pass through the through holes. An anodic external terminal is plated over the anodic conductive pad and a cathodic external terminal is plated over the cathodic conductive pad so that the anodic external terminal is electrically connected to the anodic lead and the cathodic external terminal is electrically connected to the cathodic lead.

Abstract: A battery module and a short protection method thereof are provided. The battery module has a battery cell pack and a control circuit. The method includes: detecting a temperature of the battery cell pack as a battery cell temperature through the control circuit; determining whether the battery cell temperature shows a downward trend when the battery cell temperature is higher than a first predetermined temperature value; and deactivating the battery module when the battery cell temperature does not show the downward trend.

Abstract: A lighter case includes a board having two front side walls extending from two sides thereof and a support plate extends from a lower end of the board and is connected between the two front side walls. A lighter is positioned between the two front side walls. A tongue extends backward from a top end of the board so as to be inserted in the cigarette pack. Two clamp plates extend backward from two sides of the board such that the cigarette pack is clamped between the two clamp plates.

Abstract: A system architecture for facilitating wireless communications includes a processor configured to implement interference avoidance processing and interference control processing for one or more groups of devices of a packet-communications system. The interference avoidance processing provides different addresses and a common clock for each of the groups of devices to minimize a frequency collision probability for the devices. The interference control processing detects when a same frequency element is selected for more than one of the devices for a same time slot and implements rescue processing to save data packets that are going to collide from being lost. In a preferred embodiment, the interference avoidance processing includes choosing particular address bits to provide the different addresses.