Abstract: A first embodiment of an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) structure for an integrated circuit for protecting the integrated circuit from an ESD signal, has a substrate of a first conductivity type. The substrate has a top surface. A first region of a second conductivity type is near the top surface and receives the ESD signal. A second region of the second conductivity type is in the substrate, separated and spaced apart from the first region in a substantially vertical direction. A third region of the first conductivity type, heavier in concentration than the substrate, is immediately adjacent to and in contact with the second region, substantially beneath the second region. In a second embodiment, a well of a second conductivity type is provided in the substrate of the first conductivity type. The well has a top surface. A first region of the second conductivity type is near the top surface. A second region of the second conductivity type is in the well, substantially along the bottom of the well.

Abstract: A flash memory cell is of the type having a substrate of a first conductivity type having a first region of a second conductivity type at a first end, and a second region of the second conductivity type at a second end, spaced apart from the first end, with a channel region between the first end and the second end. The flash memory cell has a plurality of stacked pairs of floating gates and control gates with the floating gates positioned over portions of the channel region and are insulated therefrom, and each control gate over a floating gate and insulated therefrom. The flash memory cell further has a plurality of erase gates over the channel region which are insulated therefrom, with an erase gate between each pair of stacked pair of floating gate and control gate. In a method of erasing the flash memory cell, a pulse of a first positive voltage is applied to alternating erase gates (“first alternating gates”).

Abstract: A method of detecting, characterizing and treating viral infection is provided. In particular, a strategy of molecular mimicry is provided for characterizing viral behavior and/or a predisposition for a given viral outcome in vivo. Novel compositions are also provided for detecting, characterizing and treating viral infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus of transmitting data via a multi-protocol single-medium network. The method includes initializing a network; transmitting messages in the network; setting up the size and the protocol of the messages and assigning the messages to a multi-protocol stack of the PHY layer based on a network time sharing multitasking principle; assigning each of the messages to a proper time slot; checking whether or not all messages are assigned to the proper time slots; if yes, transmitting the messages; and receiving the messages by a network device and transmitting the messages to another network device via a single-medium network.

Abstract: A memory cell has a trench formed into a surface of a semiconductor substrate, and spaced apart source and drain regions with a channel region formed therebetween. The source region is formed underneath the trench, and the channel region includes a first portion extending vertically along a sidewall of the trench and a second portion extending horizontally along the substrate surface. An electrically conductive floating gate is disposed in the trench adjacent to and insulated from the channel region first portion. An electrically conductive control gate is disposed over and insulated from the channel region second portion. An erase gate is disposed in the trench adjacent to and insulated from the floating gate. A block of conductive material has at least a lower portion thereof disposed in the trench adjacent to and insulated from the erase gate, and electrically connected to the source region.

Abstract: A method of forming an array of floating gate memory cells, and an array formed thereby, wherein each memory cell includes a trench formed into a surface of a semiconductor substrate, and spaced apart source and drain regions with a channel region formed therebetween. The source region is formed underneath the trench, and the channel region includes a first portion extending vertically along a sidewall of the trench and a second portion extending horizontally along the substrate surface. An electrically conductive floating gate is disposed in the trench adjacent to and insulated from the channel region first portion. An electrically conductive control gate is disposed over and insulated from the channel region second portion. A block of conductive material has at least a lower portion thereof disposed in the trench adjacent to and insulated from the floating gate, and can be electrically connected to the source region.

Abstract: A microwave control system is applied to control a working system to execute at least one predetermined assignment, and comprises a microwave control unit, a control card and a passive control unit. A microwave illuminator of the microwave control unit is applied to send a microwave signal. After receiving the microwave signal, the control card reflects a reflection signal to the microwave control unit, wakes up from a first sleep mode to enter a first awake mode, and sends a first control signal to the passive control unit. After the microwave control unit receives the reflection signal, the passive control unit wake up from a second sleep mode to enter a second awake mode, and the passive control unit transmits a second control signal in accordance with the first control signal to the working system, so as to control the working system to execute the predetermined assignment.

Abstract: A system and method for providing energy-efficient support of continuous aggregate queries in a sensor network by efficiently orchestrating the collection and transmission of data gathered by a collective set of sensors to ensure conformance to a specified QoI bound. To ensure this, the sink communicates a potentially different value of precision range or interval to each individual sensor, the sensor is adapted to only report its samples back to the sink if the sample values fall outside this specified range. An additional way to specify temporally varying precision ranges to an individual sensor or groups of sensors is provided without having to explicitly communicate the precision bounds for these different time instants. Using temporally varying precision ranges permits the exploitation of temporal correlation among the sample values recorded by an individual sensor to further reduce the need for reports from the sensors.

Abstract: An improved split gate non-volatile memory cell is made in a substantially single crystalline substrate of a first conductivity type, having a first region of a second conductivity type, a second region of the second conductivity type, with a channel region between the first region and the second region in the substrate. The cell has a select gate above a portion of the channel region, a floating gate over another portion of the channel region, a control gate above the floating gate and an erase gate adjacent to the floating gate. The erase gate has an overhang extending over the floating gate. The ratio of the dimension of the overhang to the dimension of the vertical separation between the floating gate and the erase gate is between approximately 1.0 and 2.5, which improves erase efficiency.

Abstract: A data collector control system for semiconductor manufacturing comprises a data collector and a automatic communication port switch control circuit. The control system is placed between an equipment and an equipment automation programming (EAP) system. The data collector processes and transmits communication messages between the equipment and the EAP system while the data collector operates normally. The communication messages between the equipment and the EAP system are transmitted through the control circuit instead of the data collector while the data collector operates abnormally.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a write strategy of a recordable disc comprises steps of: generating a test pattern on a power calibrating area of the recordable disc according to a first write strategy and a first write power; establishing a Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and a Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table by measuring a plurality of Pits and Lands with different time lengths in the test pattern; generating an updated timing parameter set by adjusting a timing parameter set of the first write strategy according to the Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and the Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table; generating an updated overdrive power by adjusting an overdrive power of the first write strategy according to the Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and the Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table; and defining a second write strategy according to the updated timing parameter set and the updated overdrive power.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a write strategy of a recordable disc comprises steps of: generating a test pattern on a power calibrating area of the recordable disc according to a first write strategy and a first write power; establishing a Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and a Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table by measuring a plurality of Pits and Lands with different time lengths in the test pattern; and generating a second timing parameter set by adjusting a first timing parameter set of the first write strategy according to the Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and the Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a write strategy of a recordable disc comprises steps of: generating a test pattern on a power calibrating area of the recordable disc according to a first write strategy, a first write power, and a first target ? value; establishing a Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and a Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table by measuring a plurality of Pits and Lands with different time lengths in the test pattern; generating an updated timing parameter set by adjusting a timing parameter set of the first write strategy according to the Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and the Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table; and generating an updated target ? value according to the updated timing parameter set.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a write strategy of a recordable disc comprises steps of: generating a test pattern on a power calibrating area of the recordable disc according to a first write strategy and a first write power; establishing a Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and a Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table through measuring a plurality of Pits and Lands with different time lengths in the test pattern; and generating a second overdrive power by adjusting a first overdrive power of the first write strategy according to the Pit-to-Land Inter-Symbol Interference table and the Land-to-Pit Inter-Symbol Interference table.

Abstract: A solid-phase nano extraction device includes an extraction tube whose inner surface has a nanostructure for a large contact area with object to be detected. The nanostructure can adsorb objects in an extremely short reaction time. A driving structure is designed for the solid-phase micro extraction device. The extraction tube is connected to the driving structure for the objects to enter the fiber under the force of concentration gradient, pressure difference, or capillary force, thereby being adsorbed onto the nanostructure.

Abstract: A light tunnel includes a first optical element, a second optical element, a third optical element and a fourth optical element. The first optical element has a first recess. The second optical element is disposed opposite to the first optical element and has a second recess. The third optical element connects the first optical element with the second optical element and has one end disposed in the first recess or the second recess. The fourth optical element is disposed opposite to the third optical element, connects the first optical element with the second optical element, and has one end disposed in the first recess or the second recess. Inner surfaces of the first to fourth optical elements form a light passage. A projection system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A light tunnel includes a first optical element, a second optical element, a third optical element and a fourth optical element. The first optical element has a first recess. The second optical element is disposed opposite to the first optical element and has a second recess. The third optical element connects the first optical element with the second optical element and has one end disposed in the first recess or the second recess. The fourth optical element is disposed opposite to the third optical element, connects the first optical element with the second optical element, and has one end disposed in the first recess or the second recess. Inner surfaces of the first to fourth optical elements form a light passage. A projection system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for providing energy-efficient support of continuous aggregate queries in a sensor network by efficiently orchestrating the collection and transmission of data gathered by a collective set of sensors to ensure conformance to a specified QoI bound. To ensure this, the sink communicates a potentially different value of precision range or interval to each individual sensor, the sensor is adapted to only report its samples back to the sink if the sample values fall outside this specified range. An additional way to specify temporally varying precision ranges to an individual sensor or groups of sensors is provided without having to explicitly communicate the precision bounds for these different time instants. Using temporally varying precision ranges permits the exploitation of temporal correlation among the sample values recorded by an individual sensor to further reduce the need for reports from the sensors.

Abstract: A system and method for providing energy-efficient support of continuous aggregate queries in a sensor network by efficiently orchestrating the collection and transmission of data gathered by a collective set of sensors to ensure conformance to a specified QoI bound. To ensure this, the sink communicates a potentially different value of precision range or interval to each individual sensor; the sensor is adapted to only report its samples back to the sink if the sample values fall outside this specified range. An additional way to specify temporally varying precision ranges to an individual sensor or groups of sensors is provided without having to explicitly communicate the precision bounds for these different time instants. Using temporally varying precision ranges permits the exploitation of temporal correlation among the sample values recorded by an individual sensor to further reduce the need for reports from the sensors.

Abstract: A system and method for providing energy-efficient support of continuous aggregate queries in a sensor network by efficiently orchestrating the collection and transmission of data gathered by a collective set of sensors to ensure conformance to a specified QoI bound. To ensure this, the sink communicates a potentially different value of precision range or interval to each individual sensor; the sensor is adapted to only report its samples back to the sink if the sample values fall outside this specified range. An additional way to specify temporally varying precision ranges to an individual sensor or groups of sensors is provided without having to explicitly communicate the precision bounds for these different time instants. Using temporally varying precision ranges permits the exploitation of temporal correlation among the sample values recorded by an individual sensor to further reduce the need for reports from the sensors.