Abstract: This weak signal detection system has: a statistical data acquisition unit which measures the average value or distribution of an input signal in which is noise superimposed on a desired signal, calculates parameters such as the amplitude or noise dispersion of the desired signal, and outputs the calculated data obtained thereby; a nonlinear characteristic unit which outputs a signal having a nonlinear response with respect to the magnitude of the voltage or the current of the input signal; a signal detection ratio evaluation unit which determines whether the output signal from the nonlinear characteristic unit is the desired signal, calculates the detection ratio in the event that the signal is the desired signal, and outputs detection ratio data; a parameter adjustment unit which, on the basis of detection ratio data obtained by the signal detection ratio evaluation unit and calculated data obtained by the statistical data acquisition unit, adjusts a control parameter pertaining to the responsiveness of the

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for small-angle electron beam scattering measurements in a reflection or a backscattering mode are provided. The apparatus includes an electron source, electron collimation optics before a sample, electron projection optics after the sample, a sample stage capable of holding the sample, and a electron detector module. The electrons emitted from the source are collimated and positioned to impinge nanostructures on the sample. The signals resulting from the interactions between the impinging electrons and the nanostructures are further magnified by the electron projection optics to reach a sufficient angular resolution before recorded by the electron detector module.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a layout is colorable includes assigning nodes to polygon features of the layout. The method includes designating nodes as being adjacent nodes for nodes separated by less than a minimum pitch. The method includes iteratively removing nodes having less than three adjacent nodes from consideration to identify a node arrangement, wherein all nodes in the node arrangement have at least three adjacent nodes. The method includes determining whether the layout is colorable based on the node arrangement. Determining whether the layout is colorable includes independently assessing each internal node of node arrangement to determine whether each internal node of the node arrangement is colorable. The method includes generating a colored layout design for fabrication of the semiconductor device if each internal node of the node arrangement is colorable; and modifying the layout if at least one internal node of the node arrangement is not colorable.

Abstract: A method of producing stable disinfectant for use as a biocidal composition. The method comprises: providing reagents, asynchronously feeding the reagents into a wide space, and allowing all the reagents to come into contact and mix with each other. The reagents comprise: a) an amine source in concentrated form, b) an oxidizing halogen compound in concentrated form, and c) a diluent. The use of asynchronous feeding and a wide space results in a dynamic biocide regimen. This regimen results in a changing environment that infestations have difficulty adapting to. This method also imparts superior results due to the avoidance of channeling effects which would otherwise weaken the effects of the biocide.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning first and second plates that are parallel to each other and have the same orientation. The apparatus includes a detector that detects composite small-angle X-ray scattering emitted from patterns of the first and second plates that are perpendicularly impinged by X-ray, and a moving unit that aligns the first and second plates according to a composite amplitude distribution of the composite small-angle X-ray scattering. Therefore, the first and second plates are aligned to each other accurately.

Abstract: Various methods of laser cutting polyolefin films are described, and particularly using carbon dioxide lasers. Also described are modified polyolefin materials which can be subjected to laser cutting.

Abstract: Methods and formulations for modified silicone resins of Formula (I) are presented: The R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; n ranges from 1 to 10; m ranges from 1 to 200; and p ranges from 2 to 1,000. The elastomeric materials prepared from modified silicone resins display robust mechanical properties following prolonged exposure to high temperatures (e.g., 316° C. or higher).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measurement and inspection device of a scanning-type electron beam system, and provides a technique for achieving a measuring/inspecting process with high precision in accordance with a scanning speed.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes for the preparation of Fondaparinux sodium by using the compound of formula ABC5 In some embodiments, the intermediates for the synthesis of Fondaparinux sodium, are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to an alkaline electrochemical cell, such as a battery, and in particular to an improved gelled anode suitable for use therein. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a gelled anode that improves anode discharge efficiency by adjusting physical properties such as apparent density.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal comprises a shell, and a backfire antenna which includes a main board disposed in the shell and having a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit on the main board; a main antenna element coupled to the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit on the main board; and a backfire resonator located at a side of the shell deviated from a user's head, and coupled to the main board and the main antenna element, in which the backfire resonator is fed by the main board from a position on the main board deviated from a center of the main board. The mobile communication terminal according to embodiment of the present disclosure may cause most electromagnetic waves to radiate towards a direction deviated form the user, thus reducing radiation and harm thereof to the user, strengthening the signal received by the base station, and improving the communication quality.

Abstract: A method of calculating the difference between a device clock and a host clock over a communication network is provided. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises: a.) sending a sync requests over the communication network; b.) storing in memory a sent host time TH0 when the sync requests was sent; c.) receiving a local time report over a communication network from a local device; d.) storing in memory a device local time X extracted from the local time report; e.) storing in memory a receive host time TH3 when the local time report was received; f.) calculating T such that T=(TH0+TH3)/2; repeating steps a through f a plurality of times; and calculating coefficients Ai and Bi using linear regression after repeating steps a through f at least twice where X=Ai*T+Bi.

Abstract: A device for servicing live power lines, including: a main body, two primary mechanical arms, two telescopic arms, a terminal device, an auxiliary mechanical arm, and a monitoring system. A travelling wheel mechanism, an equipotential wheel, and a first clamping jaw are disposed on the upper end of each telescopic arm. The two primary mechanical arms are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the main body, respectively. The two telescopic arms are vertically disposed on two ends of the main body, respectively, and are capable of telescoping upward and downward. The auxiliary mechanical arm is disposed and adapted to move transversely on the main body. The main body is driven by the travelling wheel mechanism to travel on the high voltage transmission line. The first clamping jaw clamps the high voltage transmission line for locating the main body.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a printed substrate including a multilayer film having the following layered configuration: a print layer having a thickness of at least about 0.6 mils, which is receptive to eco-solvent inks, mild-solvent inks, latex inks, UV inks, or combinations thereof, and where the print layer includes one or more of eco-solvent inks, mild-solvent inks, latex inks, UV inks, or combinations thereof; a tie layer; a core layer; and an adhesive layer.

Abstract: Methods and formulations for modified silicone resins of Formula (I) are presented: The R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; n ranges from 1 to 10; m ranges from 1 to 200; and p ranges from 2 to 1,000. The elastomeric materials prepared from modified silicone resins display robust mechanical properties following prolonged exposure to high temperatures (e.g., 316° C. or higher).

Abstract: A wearable smart type input and control device comprises a linking transmission module, an orientation recognizing module, an action sensing module, and a message input module. The linking transmission module links a controlled apparatus and transmit information; the orientation recognizing module identifies position, moving speed and direction of the device to obtain a first kind of information; the action sensing module identifies control way such as paging, moving and selecting to obtain a second kind of information; the message input module inputs and edits words and messages to obtain a third kind of information. The first kind of information, the second kind of information, and the third kind of information are operated to control the apparatus and to input the words and messages.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus for amplifying scattering intensity during tSAXS measurements. The apparatus includes an enhancement grating object and a placement mechanism. The enhancement grating object is positioned within a longitudinal coherence length of an incident X-ray from a target object. The placement mechanism is capable of placing the enhancement grating object with nanometer precision with respect to the target object in both a lateral and a longitudinal directions.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) gate stack structure in an insta-MOS field-effect-transistor (i-MOSFET) includes the following steps of: forming a silicon nitride layer over a silicon substrate; forming a nanopillar structure including a silicon-germanium alloy layer in contact with the silicon nitride layer; and performing a thermal oxidation process on the nanopillar structure to cause germanium atoms in the silicon-germanium alloy layer to penetrate the underneath silicon nitride layer to form a silicon-germanium shell layer in contact with the silicon substrate and a germanium nanosphere located over the silicon germanium shell layer, and to form a separating layer between the silicon-germanium shell layer and the germanium nanosphere by oxidizing silicon atoms from the silicon nitride layer or the silicon substrate, thereby forming a germanium/silicon dioxide/silicon-germanium i-MOS gate stack structure capable of solving interfacial issues between silicon and germanium and b

Abstract: There is provided a charged particle beam apparatus radiating a charged particle beam to a specimen so as to acquire an image of the specimen, the charged particle beam apparatus including: a charged particle gun that generates the charged particle beam; an electron optical system that radiates the charged particle beam emitted from the charged particle gun onto a surface of the specimen so as to scan the surface of the specimen; a detecting unit that detects secondary electrons or reflection electrons emitted from the specimen, and converts the electrons into pulse signals; a pulse signal detecting circuit that detects time detecting information regarding time of the pulse signals converted by the detecting unit, and peak value detecting information regarding each peak value of the pulse signals; and an image processing unit that generates luminance gradation of the acquired image based on a time detecting signal and a peak value detecting signal of the pulse signals detected by the pulse signal detecting ci

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods of their use as effective biocidal agents for water streams. The composition comprises a halogen source, halogen stabilizers containing a sulfur bearing species and ammonium salts/urea, and an alkali. The sulfur bearing species includes sulfamic acid or its salt equivalent. By having optimized mixing ratio of halogen to stabilizer and that of ammonium salts to sulfamic acid or sulfamate, a synergistic effect occurs which both increases the efficacy of the composition as a biocide and it avoids adverse impacts on other chemicals that are present in the water stream. Best of all the composition is easy to form and easy to introduce into a water stream of concern. Its introduction can be as simple as mixing two containers of reagent prior to introduction to the water process stream.