Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. The piezoelectric layer is a single crystal of LiNbO3 cut at an angle of 130°±30°. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: A composite composition comprising includes a carbon material, a chalcogen immobilized in and/or on the carbon material, and a hydrophilic membrane gate. The hydrophilic membrane gate comprise a plurality of carbohydrates bound to each other by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The carbohydrates have both hydrogen bond donating groups and hydrogen bond accepting groups, one or more of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds break and one or more of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds form in response to changes in volume of the composite composition. The composite composition be employed in a cathode of a rechargeable battery.

Abstract: In a method of forming a diamond film, substrate, or window, a substrate is provided and the diamond film, substrate, or window is CVD grown on a surface of the substrate. The grown diamond film, substrate, or window has a thickness between 150-999 microns and an aspect ratio?100, wherein the aspect ratio is a ratio of a largest dimension of the diamond film, substrate or window divided by a thickness of the diamond film. The substrate can optionally be removed or separated from the grown diamond film, substrate, or window.

Abstract: A battery includes: an anode; a cathode including chalcogen separated from the anode; and an electrolyte composition in fluid communication with the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte composition including a fluorinated solvent including: greater than 30 vol % fluorinated carbonate, used with the cathode including a carbon-chalcogen composite having at least 50 wt % chalcogen based on solids weight of the carbon-chalcogen composite; and/or at least 20 vol % fluorinated carbonate and a fluorinated compound different from the fluorinated carbonate, the vol % based on total volume of the electrolyte composition excluding salts.

Abstract: An immobilized selenium body, made from carbon and selenium and optionally sulfur, makes selenium more stable, requiring a higher temperature or an increase in kinetic energy for selenium to escape from the immobilized selenium body and enter a gas system, as compared to selenium alone. Immobilized selenium localized in a carbon skeleton can be utilized in a rechargeable battery. Immobilization of the selenium can impart compression stress on both the carbon skeleton and the selenium. Such compression stress enhances the electrical conductivity in the carbon skeleton and among the selenium particles and creates an interface for electrons to be delivered and or harvested in use of the battery. A rechargeable battery made from immobilized selenium can be charged or discharged at a faster rate over conventional batteries and can demonstrate excellent cycling stability.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed an electrode and an electrochemical device having an electrode. The electrode includes a body with an active material that can react with ions in an electrochemical reaction within the electrochemical device. The body has a first surface that can abut against electrolyte of a separator of the electrochemical device, and second surfaces that define a plurality of cavities extending a depth from the first surface into the electrode. The plurality of cavities define pathways into the electrode that receive the electrolyte. The pathways improve ion transfer from the electrolyte to an inner subset of the active material that is located closer to one or more of the pathways than to the first surface.

Abstract: An immobilized chalcogen system or body includes an element of chalcogen, an electrically conductive material, and a hydrophilic membrane gate. The hydrophilic membrane gate may be used to isolate hydrophobic regions, one related to polychalcogenide ion(s) and another related to a hydrophobic electrolyte system. The hydrophilic membrane gate may prevent polychalcogenide from forming, and may provide control of undesirable parasitic mass transport and undesirable electron transport inside a chalcogen-based battery, and thereby allow the battery to cycle at a high specific capacity with a long cycling life. If desired, the immobilized chalcogen system or body may be employed in a cathode of a rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A wafer has a layer containing silicon, a layer of polycrystalline diamond deposited on the silicon-containing layer, and a bow-compensation layer on the other side of the silicon-containing layer for reducing wafer-bow. A method of making a bonded structure includes an activation process for creating dangling bonds on the surface of one substrate, followed by contact-bonding the surface to a second substrate at low temperature. A bonded structure may include two substrates contact bonded to each other, one substrate including a layer containing silicon, a layer of polycrystalline diamond, a bow-compensation layer for reducing wafer-bow of the first substrate, and the other substrate including gallium nitride, silicon carbide, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, or another suitable material other than diamond.

Abstract: In a method of preparing an immobilized selenium system or body, a selenium-carbon-oxygen mixture is formed. The mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of selenium and the heated mixture is then cooled to ambient or room temperature, thereby forming the immobilized selenium system or body.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator operable in a bulk acoustic mode includes a resonator body mounted to a separate carrier that is not part of the resonator body. The resonator body includes a piezoelectric layer, a device layer, and a top conductive layer on the piezoelectric layer opposite the device layer. A surface of the device layer opposite the piezoelectric layer is for mounting the resonator body to the carrier.

Abstract: In a method of preparing an immobilized selenium system or body, a selenium-carbon-oxygen mixture is formed. The mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of selenium and the heated mixture is then cooled to ambient or room temperature, thereby forming the immobilized selenium system or body.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including: an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator separating the anode from the cathode. The separator includes a material that includes at least one of: a linear polymer; a kinetic friction coefficient of up to 2.0; an elongation of at least 240, elongation defined as elongation at break; a ratio of elongation to thickness of at least 10; and/or a modulus of elasticity of up to 270 MPa.

Abstract: A double-sided coating may include a substrate having a first side and an opposing second side, a first coating forming a first electrode arranged on the first side, and a second coating forming a second electrode arranged on the second side. Each of the first coating and the second coating have a thickness of at least 30 ?m and a surface roughness (Ra) of less than 10 ?m and are formed from a slurry including a liquid carrier suspending solid particles. The slurry includes a binder, an active material, and a conductive material.

Abstract: A method of making a multilayer substrate, which can include a silicon layer having an optically finished surface and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown diamond layer on the optically finished surface of the silicon layer. At the interface of the silicon layer and the diamond layer, the optically finished surface of the silicon layer can have a surface roughness (Ra)?100 nm. A surface of the grown diamond layer opposite the silicon layer can be polished to an optical finish and a light management coating can be applied to the polished surface of the grown diamond layer opposite the silicon layer. A method of forming the multilayer substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wafer has a layer containing silicon, a layer of polycrystalline diamond deposited on the silicon-containing layer, and a bow-compensation layer on the other side of the silicon-containing layer for reducing wafer-bow. A method of making a bonded structure includes an activation process for creating dangling bonds on the surface of one substrate, followed by contact-bonding the surface to a second substrate at low temperature. A bonded structure may include two substrates contact bonded to each other, one substrate including a layer containing silicon, a layer of polycrystalline diamond, a bow-compensation layer for reducing wafer-bow of the first substrate, and the other substrate including gallium nitride, silicon carbide, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, or another suitable material other than diamond.

Abstract: In a method of preparing an immobilized selenium system or body, a selenium-carbon-oxygen mixture is formed. The mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of selenium and the heated mixture is then cooled to ambient or room temperature, thereby forming the immobilized selenium system or body.

Abstract: An acoustic resonator includes a piezoelectric stack including a piezoelectric layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, a top electrode layer disposed above the top surface, and a bottom electrode layer disposed below the bottom surface. A number of acoustic wave reflectors are disposed on a side of the bottom electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer. Each acoustic wave reflector includes a high acoustic impedance layer and may include a low acoustic impedance layer. The acoustic resonator may include a tether that extends laterally to a stacking direction of the layers of the piezoelectric stack. A supporting structure may be coupled to the tether opposite the acoustic resonator for anchoring the acoustic resonator. A mirror, one or more phononic crystals, or both may be positioned on proximate the tether opposite the acoustic resonator to avoid resonant waves from exiting the acoustic resonator in use.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed an electrode and methods of making an electrode. The electrode includes a substrate and a body laminated to the substrate. The body includes an active material and an inactive material. A plurality of pores are defined by the body. A plurality of cracks are defined in a first surface of the body and a plurality of islands are defined in the first surface of the body. The plurality of cracks are wholly or partially surrounded by respective cracks of the plurality of cracks.

Abstract: A composite extractant-enhanced polymer resist comprising an extractant and a polymer resin for direct extraction of valuable metals such as rare earth metals, and more specifically, scandium, Born an acid-leaching slurry and/or acid-leaching solution in which ferric ions are not required to be reduced into ferrous ions. The extractant may be cationic, non-ionic, or anionic. More specifically, the extractant di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid may be used. The polymer resin may be non-functional or have functional groups of sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, iminodiacetic acid, phosphoric acid, or amines. The composite extractant-enhanced polymer resin may be used for extraction of rare earth metals from acid-leaching slurries or solutions.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy wire, more specifically an aluminum-scandium wire, is adapted for an additive processing operation. A spool of material, containing an aluminum alloy wire, and a method of performing an additive processing operation, using an aluminum alloy wire, are also disclosed.