Abstract: A composite substrate includes a submount substrate of an alternating pattern of electrically insulative portions, pieces, layers or segments and electrically conductive portions, pieces, layers or segments, and a shaft, back or plate for supporting the alternating pattern of electrically insulative portions and electrically conductive portions. An active device having a P—N junction can be mounted on the submount substrate. The electrically insulative portions, pieces, layers or segments can be formed from diamond while the electrically conductive portions, pieces, layers or segments can be formed from a metal or metal alloy.

Abstract: In a system and method of growing a diamond film, a cooling gas flows between a substrate and a substrate holder of a plasma chamber and a process gas flows into the plasma chamber. In the presence of an plasma in the plasma chamber, a temperature distribution across the top surface of the substrate and/or across a growth surface of the growing diamond film is controlled whereupon, during diamond film growth, the temperature distribution is controlled to have a predetermined temperature difference between a highest temperature and a lowest temperature of the temperature distribution. The as-grown diamond film has a total thickness variation (TTV)<10%, <5%, or <1%; and/or a birefringence between 0 and 100 nm/cm, 0 and 80 nm/cm, 0 and 60 nm/cm, 0 and 40 nm/cm, 0 and 20 nm/cm, 0 and 10 nm/cm, or 0 and 5 nm/cm.

Abstract: In a method of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of a polycrystalline diamond film in a CVD reactor, a gas mixture of gaseous hydrogen and a gaseous hydrocarbon is introduced into the CVD reactor. A plasma formed from the gas mixture is maintained above a surface of a conductive substrate disposed in the CVD reactor and causes a polycrystalline diamond film to grow on the surface of the conductive substrate. A temperature T at the center of the polycrystalline diamond film is controlled during growth of the polycrystalline diamond film. The CVD grown polycrystalline diamond film includes diamond crystallites that can have a percentage of orientation along a [110] diamond lattice direction ?70% of the total number of diamond crystallites forming the polycrystalline diamond film.

Abstract: A multilayer substrate includes a diamond layer CVD grown on a composite layer. The composite layer includes particles of diamond and silicon carbide and, optionally, silicon. A loading level (by volume) of diamond in the composite layer can be ?5%; ?20%; ?40%; or ?60%. The multilayer substrate can be used as an optical device; a detector for detecting radiation particles or electromagnetic waves; a device for cutting, drilling, machining, milling, lapping, polishing, coating, bonding, or brazing; a braking device; a seal; a heat conductor; an electromagnetic wave conductor; a chemically inert device for use in a corrosive environment, a strong oxidizing environment, or a strong reducing environment, at an elevated temperature, or under a cryogenic condition; or a device for polishing or planarization of other devices, wafers or films.

Abstract: The present invention relates unique pore structures in nickel supported on alumina with the negligible formation of macropores. Incorporation of additional elements stabilizes the pore structure of the nickel supported on alumina. Additional element(s) were then further added into the nickel-supported materials. These additional element(s) further stabilize the pore structures under heating conditions. The improvements of pore structure stability under heating conditions and negligible presence of macropores limit the sintering of nickel metal to a mechanism of impeded diffusion. The negligible presence of macropores also limits the deposition of alkali metal hydroxide(s)/carbonate(s) on the outer shell of the catalyst pellet in the molten carbonate fuel cells. Both the negligible presence of macropores and improvement in pore structure stability allow for prolonging the catalyst life of these nickel supported on alumina catalysts of the present invention for reforming hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates unique pore structures in nickel supported on alumina with the negligible formation of macropores. Incorporation of additional elements stabilizes the pore structure of the nickel supported on alumina. Additional element(s) were then further added into the nickel-supported materials. These additional element(s) further stabilize the pore structures under heating conditions. The improvements of pore structure stability under heating conditions and negligible presence of macropores limit the sintering of nickel metal to a mechanism of impeded diffusion. The negligible presence of macropores also limits the deposition of alkali metal hydroxide(s)/carbonate(s) to the outer shell of the catalyst pellet. Both of the negligible presence of macropores and improvement in pore structure stability allow for prolonging the catalyst life of these nickel supported on alumina catalysts of the present invention for reforming hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates a new proton-conducting polymer with a two dimensional backbone with metal-oxygen bonding. The metal ion in the backbone of the proton-conducting polymer of the present invention comprises elements from Group IIIA, IVA, VA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, lanthanides, etc in the Chemical Periodic Table. It is more preferred for the metal ion of the proton-conducting polymer of the present invention to be silicon, aluminum, boron, gallium, indium, tin, antimony, bismuth, titanium, or zirconium. It is further preferred that the backbone of the proton-conducting polymer of the present invention comprises silicon, aluminum, boron, zirconium, or titanium. It is further preferred that the proton-conduction polymer of the present invention comprises silicon in its two dimensional backbone. The backbone of the proton-conducting polymer of the present invention is chemically stable to attacks from the hydroxyl free radicals in the fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates unique pore structures in nickel supported on alumina with the negligible formation of macropores. Incorporation of additional elements stabilizes the pore structure of the nickel supported on alumina. Additional element(s) were then further added into the nickel-supported materials. These additional element(s) further stabilize the pore structures under heating conditions. The improvements of pore structure stability under heating conditions and negligible presence of macropores limit the sintering of nickel metal to a mechanism of impeded diffusion. The negligible presence of macropores also limits the deposition of alkali metal hydroxide(s)/carbonate(s) on the outer shell of the catalyst pellet in the molten carbonate fuel cells. Both the negligible presence of macropores and improvement in pore structure stability allow for prolonging the catalyst life of these nickel supported on alumina catalysts of the present invention for reforming hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A polymer nucleating agent is composed of inorganic particles carrying an anchor layer capable of bonding to an organic acid, such as alumina-coated silica particles, and having a surface coating of a substituted or unsubstituted benzoic acid compound.

Abstract: RNA, DNA and the building blocks forming these compounds provide significant enhancement in the selectivity of a CMP slurry for removing silicon dioxide in preference to silicon nitride during chemical-mechanical polishing in the manufacture of semiconductor wafers and chips by STI.

Abstract: RNA, DNA and the building blocks forming these compounds provide significant enhancement in the selectivity of a CMP slurry for removing silicon dioxide in preference to silicon nitride during chemical-mechanical polishing in the manufacture of semiconductor wafers and chips by STI.

Abstract: A polymer nucleating agent is composed of alumina-coated silica particles having a surface coating of benzoic acid.

Abstract: A structured boehmite pigment which comprises a plurality of alumina monohydrate particles. The pigment is particularly useful as a flatting pigment in paint and as an anti-block agent in plastic film. The boehmite pigment has an aggregate median particle size of about 8 to about 30 microns; a total pore volume of at least about 0.8 ml/g; a differential pore volume of less than about 0.3 ml/g; an oil absorption of about 70 to about 135 m/g; a BET surface area of about 3 to about 20 m2/g, and a TAPPI brightness of at least about 90.

Abstract: The dehydrogenation of n-parrofins to n-olefins is catalyzed by novel synthetic manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves such as OMS-1 and OMS-2.