Abstract: A solution for forming at least a portion of an active layer of an electronic or electro-optic device includes a solvent, an additive mixed with the solvent to provide a solvent-additive blend, and a solute that includes at least one of a transition metal, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, or Sb dissolved in elemental form in the solvent-additive blend. The additive is selected from the group of additives consisting of NR1R2NHCOOH, NH2N—HCONHNH2, NH2COOH.NH3, NH2NHC(?NH)NH2.H2CO3, NH2NHCSNHNH2, NH2NHCSSH and all combinations thereof. R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aryl, methyl, ethyl and a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms. Methods of producing the solution, a method of producing a Kesterite film on a substructure and devices made with the solutions and methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for restoring a computer operation system comprising at least steps of: a) backing up information related to start up of the computer in an HPA of a hard disk; b) providing a self-checking module in the HPA of the hard disk, and additionally configuring a command for invoking the self-checking module in BIOS of the computer; c) invoking the self-checking module by the BIOS when the computer is booted from the hard disk, and determining by the self-checking module, whether the information related to start up of the computer is destroyed or not, if so, restoring the destroyed parts and then starting up the computer, and if not, directly starting up the computer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for restoring a computer operation system comprising at least steps of: a) backing up information related to start up of the computer in an HPA of a hard disk; b) providing a self-checking module in the HPA of the hard disk, and additionally configuring a command for invoking the self-checking module in BIOS of the computer; c) invoking the self-checking module by the BIOS when the computer is booted from the hard disk, and determining by the self-checking module, whether the information related to start up of the computer is destroyed or not, if so, restoring the destroyed parts and then starting up the computer, and if not, directly starting up the computer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for implementing data backup and recovery in a computer hard disk. The method includes the following steps. First, a computer motherboard is powered up and BIOS is booted through triggering of hardware. At the same time, information about a computer bootstrap mode is stored in a recording device, the information representing a mode to start a conventional operating system or a mode to start a backup/recovery function. Then BIOS reads the information about the computer bootstrap mode from the recording device and determines which mode it represents. If the information represents a mode to start a conventional operating system, the computer is booted with a preinstalled conventional operating system. If the information represents a mode to start a backup/recovery function, BIOS operates the protection partition of a hard disk, loads the kernel of an inserted operating system and performs the backup/recovery processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for implementing data backup and recovery in a computer hard disk. The method includes the following steps. First, a computer motherboard is powered up and BIOS is booted through triggering of hardware. At the same time, information about a computer bootstrap mode is stored in a recording device, the information representing a mode to start a conventional operating system or a mode to start a backup/recovery function. Then BIOS reads the information about the computer bootstrap mode from the recording device and determines which mode it represents. If the information represents a mode to start a conventional operating system, the computer is booted with a preinstalled conventional operating system. If the information represents a mode to start a backup/recovery function, BIOS operates the protection partition of a hard disk, loads the kernel of an inserted operating system and performs the backup/recovery processing.