Abstract: A method for fabricating diamond nanopillars includes forming a diamond film on a substrate, depositing a metal mask layer on the diamond film, and etching the diamond film coated with the metal mask layer to form diamond nanopillars below the mask layer. The method may also comprise forming diamond nuclei on the substrate prior to forming the diamond film. Typically, a semiconductor substrate, an insulating substrate, a metal substrate, or an alloy substrate is used.

Abstract: A data-directed frequency-and-phase lock loop for an offset-QAM modulated signal comprises a first multiplier that multiplies the signal by the output of a VCO. The output of the first multiplier is phase-shifted by a second multiplier, then convolved by a third multiplier. The output of the third multiplier is split, with each portion being passed through a frequency-shift multiplier and a frequency-and-phase lock loop. The output of the two frequency-and-phase lock loops is summed and returned to the VCO to complete the feedback loop.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for playing music for long time by a mobile communication terminal. The mobile communication terminal includes an MP3 chip for decoding and playing music data transferred from a music data memory by a baseband chip.

Abstract: A multilayer coating (MLC) is composed of two chemically different layered nanocrystalline materials, nanodiamond (nanoD) and nano-cubic boron nitride (nono-cBN). The structure of the MLC and fabrication sequence of layered structure are disclosed. The base layer is preferably nanoD and is the first deposited layer serving as an accommodation layer on a pretreated substrate. It can be designed with a larger thickness whereas subsequent alternate nano-cBN and nanoD layers are typically prepared with a thickness of 2 to 100 nm. The thickness of these layers can be engineered for a specific use. The deposition of the nanoD layer, by either cold or thermal plasma CVD, is preceded by diamond nucleation on a pretreated and/or precoated substrate, which has the capacity to accommodate the MLC and provides excellent adhesion.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer comprises a trellis decoder; a mapper coupled to the output of the trellis decoder; and a decision feedback equalizer coupled to the output of the mapper. Each of the taps receives as input via the mapper output from a different one of the stages of the trellis decoder.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a sputter target comprises: homogenously blending a plurality of powders including at least a first powder and a second powder. The first powder is comprised of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), or iron (Fe). The second powder is comprised of boron (B), carbon (C), a nitrogen (N)-containing material, a boride, a carbide, a nitride, a silicide, an oxygen (O)-containing material or an oxide. The second powder has a particle size of between 0.01 microns and 50 microns. The method further comprises: canning the blended plurality of powders to form a substantially non-segregated encapsulated powdered material mix; pressing the encapsulated powdered material mix to form a billet; and machining the billet to form a sputter target.

Abstract: A data-and-pilot directed frequency-and-phase lock loop for an offset-QAM modulated signal having a pilot signal comprising a pilot acquisition loop and a pair of data-directed acquisition loops. The pilot is extracted from the main signal by a pilot filter, then used both by the pilot acquisition loop and to remove the pilot from the signal to the data-directed acquisition loops. The outputs of the pilot and the two data-directed acquisition loops are summed and returned to the VCO to complete the feedback loop.

Abstract: A sputter target comprises a plurality of materials. The plurality of materials includes at least a first material and a second material. The first material is comprised of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), or iron (Fe). The second material is comprised of carbon (C), a carbon (C)-containing material, a carbide, a nitrogen (N)-containing material, a nitride, a silicon (Si)-containing material, a silicide, an oxygen (O)-containing material, an oxide, boron (B), a boron (B)-containing material or a boride. The second material constitutes a phase where the phase of the second material has an average size between greater than 0 micron and 50 microns. According to one aspect, the first material comprises at least 15 atomic percent or greater. Methods of fabricating sputter targets by blending a plurality of materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sputter target comprises a plurality of materials. The plurality of materials includes at least a first material and a second material. The first material is comprised of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), or iron (Fe). The second material is comprised of carbon (C), a carbide, a nitrogen (N)-containing material, a nitride, a silicide, an oxygen (O)-containing material, an oxide, boron (B), or a boride. The second material has an average size of between 0.01 microns and 50 microns or is not more than 50 microns in size. In one embodiment, the first material comprises at least 15 atomic percent or greater.

Abstract: An equalizer comprises: an FIR; a trellis decoder coupled to the FIR; a mapper coupled to the trellis decoder; and a decision feedback equalizer coupled to the mapper. The decision feedback equalizer receives the mapped and scaled output of the trellis decoder as input and an error signal is generated by subtracting an output of the decision feedback equalizer from the input to the trellis decoder.

Abstract: The invention discloses newly identified cyclic AMP response element activator proteins (CREAP proteins). It is contemplated herein that said proteins are suitable drug targets for the development of new therapeutics to prevent, treat or ameliorate pathological conditions related to abnormal activation of CRE-dependent gene expression or abnormal activation of chemokines. The invention relates to methods to prevent, treat or ameliorate said pathological conditions and pharmaceutical compositions therefor comprising modulators with inhibitory effect on CREAP protein activity and/or CREAP gene expression. The invention also relates to methods to identify compounds with therapeutic usefulness to treat said pathological conditions, comprising identifying compounds that can inhibit CREAP protein activity and/or CREAP gene expression.

Abstract: Spent sputtering targets are refurbished by filling the depleted region of the target with new sputter material using a hot isostatic pressing or HIP'ing technique.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer comprises a decision device; a decision feedback equalizer coupled to the decision device; an FIR filter coupled to the decision device; and a trellis decoder coupled to the decision device, adapted to provide a reliability output and a decoded output. An error signal is generated by subtracting an output of the decision feedback equalizer from an output of the decision device, the error signal being used to update coefficients of the taps of the FIR filter and the decision feedback equalizer. A magnitude of the change to the coefficients is selected based at least in part the reliability output of the trellis decoder.

Abstract: A digital equalizer comprises a matched filter that, in conjunction with an FIR filter, assures a single peak with substantially greater energy than other peaks caused by ghosts, thereby permitting synchronization even with multiple, arbitrarily strong ghosts caused by strong multipathing, multiple transmitters, or both.

Abstract: A data-directed frequency-and-phase lock loop for an offset-QAM modulated signal comprises a first multiplier that multiplies the signal by the output of a VCO. The output of the first multiplier is phase-shifted by a second multiplier, then convolved by a third multiplier. The output of the third multiplier is split, with each portion being passed through a frequency-shift multiplier and a frequency-and-phase lock loop. The output of the two frequency-and-phase lock loops is summed and returned to the VCO to complete the feedback loop.

Abstract: Cubic boron nitride/diamond (cBND) composite films with excellent adherence to various substrates and their fabrication method are disclosed. The cBND composite confining cBN can be prepared without any amorphous/turbostratic BN (aBN/tBN) incubation layers. The cBND composite is established on the compatibility of structural and physical properties of two superior materials: cBN on top and diamond beneath. The underlying diamond is adapted to the substrate of choice using a variety of methods which may include prescratching the substrates, bias enhanced nucleation, etching for depleting undesirable chemical elements, construction of buffer layers and gradient buffer layers for the isolation of undesirable chemical elements or/and adaptation of physical properties. The diamond nuclei are preferably formed either by bias-enhanced nucleation or by pre-scratching the substrate prior to nucleation.

Abstract: A digital equalizer comprises a matched filter that, in conjunction with an FIR filter, assures a single peak with substantially greater energy than other peaks caused by ghosts, thereby permitting synchronization even with multiple, arbitrarily strong ghosts caused by strong multipathing, multiple transmitters, or both.

Abstract: A data-directed frequency-and-phase lock loop for an offset-QAM modulated signal comprises a first multiplier that multiplies the signal by the output of a VCO. The output of the first multiplier is phase-shifted by a second multiplier, then convolved by a third multiplier. The output of the third multiplier is split, with each portion being passed through a frequency-shift multiplier and a frequency-and-phase lock loop. The output of the two frequency-and-phase lock loops is summed and returned to the VCO to complete the feedback loop.

Abstract: A data-directed frequency-acquisition loop capable of generating a frequency error having a magnitude and direction from a double sideband suppressed signal comprises a first multiplier that multiplies the signal by the output of a VCO. The output of the first multiplier is convolved by a second multiplier. The I output of the second multiplier passes through a first low-pass filter. The filtered I output and the Q output are then multiplied by a third multiplier. The output of the third multiplier is filtered through a second low-pass filter, amplified, and return to the VCO to complete the feedback loop.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing sputtering targets doped with non-metal components including boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and silicon. A powder process is utilized whereby alloyed powders, which contain non-metal elements of B/C/N/O/Si and non-metal containing phases of less than ten microns in microstructure, are blended, canned and subjected to hot isostatic press consolidation. The sputtering targets of the present invention avoid spitting problems during sputtering of the target material on a substrate.