Abstract: A system, method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer readable storage medium for managing the disbursement of fluids, including beverage pours, and information related thereto, is disclosed. The system includes a tag assembly having an electronic tag, including a circuit. The system includes a communications system between the tag circuit, a reader, a receiver/transmitter, and a secure, cloud-based or on-premises analytical system. The system further includes a computer software system and a surveillance system for monitoring or surveilling dispensing of liquids from containers to which tags are attached.

Abstract: A system, method, method for manufacturing, and apparatus, programmable instructions, computer-readable medium storing computer-implementable instructions, for managing the disbursement of fluids, including beverage pours, and information related thereto, is provided. The system includes a tag pack having a tag, including a circuit. The system includes a communications system between the tag circuit, a reader, a receiver/transmitter, and a secure, cloud-based analytical system.

Abstract: Sensor element for limiting current sensors to determine the lambda value of gas mixtures, in particular of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, having inner and outer pump electrodes disposed on a ceramic substrate, the inner pump electrode of which is accessible for the measurement gas supplied through a diffusion layer acting as a diffusion barrier; having a gas-tight cover layer above the diffusion layer and having conductor tracks for the pump electrodes is described, in which the diffusion layer is adjustable, to calibrate the sensor element. This adjustability is advantageously attained by embodying the side of the diffusion layer 5 oriented toward the measurement gas inlet opening as a zigzag-shaped adjustment zone 8, from which parts can be separated mechanically or by laser cuts. The invention makes comparatively simple calibration of sensor elements possible.

Abstract: A sensor element for limiting current sensors for determining the .lambda. value of gas mixtures is proposed which has two interconnected inner pump electrodes (8 and 8') disposed opposite each other in a diffusion channel (7). The resulting increase of the effective surface at the beginning of the inner electrodes markedly reduces the disadvantageous electrode polarization which occurs in sensor elements having only one inner pump electrode. At the same time, a better utilization of the noble metal required to form the pump electrodes is achieved.

Abstract: A printing paste suitable for application by an elastically deformable stamp on a substrate and method for said application. The paste comprises a powdered solid component in an organic carrier with a weight ratio of between 6:4 and 8:2. The organic carrier comprises 4-9% by weight ethyl cellulose, 74-82% alpha-terpineol, and 8-17% benzyl alcohol. The paste may also contain up to 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol. The solid component of the paste is preferably a mixture of platinum and zirconium dioxide which can be applied as an electrically conductive paste to form a conductive coating on a substrate, preferably a tubular or other substrate having a non-planar surface. The paste has a viscosity of between 6 and 8.5 pascal seconds.

Abstract: A thermal radiation sensor is suggested which comprises two receiver surfaces exposed to the radiation, one receiver surface (1) having a high absorption capacity with respect to the thermal radiation, the other (2) having a low absorption capacity, the two receiver surfaces (1) and (2) consist of a NTC resistance material and are combined in a bridge circuit together with two temperature-independent cermet resistors (3) and (4). In order to prevent a dependency of the measurements of such a sensor on the ambient temperature, the NTC resistors (1) and (2) comprise underlying heating layers (6) and (7) which keep the two NTC resistors at a constant temperature. Insulating layers (8) and (9) are provided between the NTC resistors (1) and (2) and the heating layers (6) and (7). The heating layers (6) and (7) consist of a cermet thick film with platinum or of a platinum thick film and have the shape of a meander. The insulating layers (8) and ( 9) preferably consist of a crystallizing glass.

Abstract: A spark plug with a surface discharge section for internal combustion engines comprising an insulation body having an inner cavity for receiving a mass of an electrically conductive material, and a bore extending from the inner cavity and through which extends a central electrode which is formed integral with the surface discharge surface, is made of an electrically non-conductive material, and has on an outer surface thereof in the area of the mass and the bore an electrically conductive film, and, in the area defining the surface discharge section a film having no intrinsic conductivity after sintering.

Abstract: A method of controlling climate in an interior of a vehicle, which method comprises the steps of measuring air temperature in the vehicle interior and outside of the vehicle, measuring relative humidity in the vehicle interior and outside of the vehicle, and controlling air flow from outside of the vehicle into the vehicle interior in accordance with the measured temperatures and humidities.

Abstract: A heat and/or air conditioning apparatus for a motor vehicle comprising control means and a first humidity sensor located in the interior of the motor vehicle, a second temperature sensor and a second humidity sensor located outside of the vehicle, intake duct means for supplying outside air to the vehicle interior, at least two discharge ducts located in the vehicle interior and of which at least one opens in the vicinity of a vehicle window, and a blower.

Abstract: An ion conductive sensor is connected to a current source which, in order to prevent polarization effects, controls current flow through the sensor in spaced or polarity-alternating pulses. If the sensor is a humidity sensor, it is preferably constituted by Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4 in a proportion, by weight, of preferably 2 to 2.5:1:1, sintered on a substrate which has comb electrodes applied thereto. The sensor is especially immune to noise or disturbance pulses from the current supply and is especially suitable for use as an ambient humidity sensor in an automotive vehicle (810).

Abstract: A heat radiation sensing device is provided, which comprises two receiver surfaces which are exposed to the radiation, one of which comprises a high absorption ability with respect to the heat radiation by means of a black coloring, while the other has a low absorption ability by means of a covering which reflects the heat radiation. These two receiver surfaces consist of NTC resistor material and are combined to form a bridge circuit with two cermet resistors which are independent of temperature. The four resistors are applied to a ceramic substrate and are connected with conductor path which, in turn, end in the four required connections. The ceramic substrate is fixed in a frame which carries a covering which is pervious to heat radiation to a great degree and which, in turn, carries a layer having a window over one of the two NTC resistors the layer is made of a material which reflects the heat radiation to a great degree.

Abstract: A humidity sensor, and particularly a sensor which can distinguish between low humidity values, for example below 60% humidity, and high humidity values, for example 90% humidity and thereover, and change the capacitance between output electrodes (5, 6) is formed by applying interdigited comb electrodes (1, 2) on a substrate (8) and applying over the substrate a ceramic mass formed of BaRuO.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4, with a weight relationship of (1.+-.0.4):(1.+-.0.4):(0.6.+-.0.2) preferably 1:1:0.6. The sensor is made by first making a powder of the components, mixing it with a glass paste and, if necessary, a thinner, and applying the resulting paste by thick-film technology to a ceramic substrate on which the electrodes have been applied, and then firing the substrate at a temperature of between 550.degree. C. to 850.degree. C.

Abstract: To increase service life and suppress interferences in high voltage electrodes for the ignition distributing system of internal combustion engines, the electrodes consist of molded and sintered mixture of 50-90% by weight iron powder and 50-10% by weight calcium silicide. Preferably, the electrode has tipstretched contact area of nonalloyed iron.

Abstract: To reduce erosion of a platinum-containing electrode layer (3, 14) applied to the end face of the center insulator (1, 11) of the spark plug, a protective layer of ceramic, preferably aluminum oxide, is applied over the electrode. The aluminum oxide protective is sufficiently thin to permit arc-through or spark-through of the spark from a counter electrode (9, 19). This permits reduction of the thickness of the electrode layer to between about 5 to 15 micrometers, preferably about 8 to 10 micrometers, with a thickness of the protective layer of between 5 to 50 micrometers, preferably about 8 to 10 micrometers. Aluminum oxide is the preferred material for the center insulator, the protective layer, as well as an additive to the center electrode if it is made of a mixture of platinum and ceramic.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting fuel into combustion chambers, in particular of self-igniting internal combustion engines, is proposed, in which a fuel injection nozzle generates an aimed fuel spray and in which an air guide device and a heating device are provided. The fuel being injected is accompanied by an air flow which passes the heating device. The heating device has at least two heating elements of different effectiveness, of which at least one element serves for rapid heating and the other element is provided for continuous use.

Abstract: An apparatus for the injection of fuel into combustion chambers, in particular of self-igniting internal combustion engines, having an injection nozzle (10) and a subsequent glow body (20), which has a conduit (30) surrounded by heatable walls (26) and serving for the passage therethrough of the injected streams. At least one lateral opening (32) discharges into this conduit (30), the opening preferably communicating with a region (46) of the combustion chamber (36) remote from the core region of the ignition. The air aspirated through the lateral opening (32) warms up and enters into the peripheral zone of the injected streams, where the result is an air-fuel ratio and temperature conditions which are very favorable for ignition. Less heat energy is required to initiate the ignition than in the known apparatus of this general type.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, having an injection nozzle and following the injection nozzle a partition (12, 23, 29) which is provided with through openings (13) for the injection streams and is embodied as a guide device for a partial flow of combustion air, which flow is accelerated by the injector action of the fuel streams in the through openings (13). A device (26, 24, 32) for preheating the partial flow of combustion air is also secured to the partition (12, 23, 29). In this apparatus, the partial flow of combustion air circulates virtually continuously through the partition (12, 23, 29) embodied as a guide device, and the acceleration caused by the injector action of the fuel streams increases with increasing engine rpm. This has the advantage that over the entire power and rpm range of the engine, a uniform course of combustion and a reduction of toxic emissions is attainable.

Abstract: Device for fuel injection in combustion chambers of, in particular, selfigniting combustion engines with an injection nozzle (10) and a subsequently switched incandescent wire (20) which has a conduit (30) surrounded by a double heating layer (33) on the inside for passing through of the injection streams. The double heating layer (33) consists of an inner heating layer (35) which is separated from a second heating layer (37) by an electrical insulator. In the parallel as well as the series switching of the two heating layers (35,37), a two stage heating of the double heating layer (33) is possible. The inner heating layer (35) reaches the required end temperature required for ignition in a relative short time, while the second heating layer (37) assures a high energy density of the ceramic support mass (38).

Abstract: To provide an unyielding support surface for a film-type, typically thick-film resistor (10) made of pressure-responsive resistance material, an unyielding pressure-tight mass of insulating material, for example a melt of glass, ceramic, or suitable plastic, is introduced into a wall portion of a wall element (11) in which a fluid pressure medium, such as high-pressure fluid for injection to a Diesel engine, is retained. The insulating mass is, preferably, formed as a plug element, for example retained within a metal screw which, simultaneously, can form a venting screw for the fuel injection system. One or two electrical conductors (12, 13) pass through the plug element, which if a metal screw, surrounds the insulating mass, the resistance element can extend over the edge of the metal which, then, can form a ground or return connection.

Abstract: A device for injecting fuel in combustion chambers, especially for self-igniting internal combustion engines, is proposed, in which a fuel injection nozzle, by aspirating air through an air guide device in the manner of a jet pump, generates a fuel spray that is surrounded by an air envelope. This air-enveloped fuel spray is directed through a heating element, the heat generation of which is distributed in such a manner over its length that a desired heating profile along the heating element is produced. The type of heating profile depends not only on the properties of the material making up the heating resistor but also on its structural makeup and its electrical bonding. A highly suitable material for the heating resistor is molybdenum silicide (MoSi.sub.2).