Abstract: A rod-like electrical heating element is incorporated in the interior of a tubular solid electrolyte sensor connecting zones of the heating element are disposed on the end face thereof remote from the sensing end. Electrical connecting parts are pressed against the connecting zones of the heating element by means of a spring element. These electrical connecting parts are in electrical contact with the connecting cable of the gas sensor via conductor wires, leads or other connecting means.

Abstract: A device is proposed for determining the flow rate of a flowing medium, in particular the flow rate of air aspirated by an internal combustion engine which includes at least two temperature-dependent measuring resistors which are exposed to the flowing medium, each disposed in a separate bridge circuit, heated to different temperatures and regulated such as to be constant. The measuring resistors as well as the other bridge resistors are embodied as film resistors and are disposed opposite one another, each on a different side of a substrate. One signal per bridge, dependent on the currents flowing through the bridges, is supplied to a signal processing unit, the output variable of which represents a standard for the flow rate of the flowing medium that is independent of the temperature of the flowing medium.

Abstract: To make inductance elements, thick film electrically conductive paste, which may include precious metal such as silver, are applied by a deformable stamp on a ferrite core which, for example, can be someone hump shaped, for adhesion to a carrier (30) and formed with openings thereto, the stamp being shaped to fit within the opening and deforming to penetrate the opening to apply the thick film conductive paste in form of conductive tracks thereon. Conductive tracks can be applied, previously, to a substrate carrier (30), which are then joined by the paste strips to form interconnected windings (FIGS. 1a, 1b); or the ferrite may be in form of a toroidal core (34), on which the conductive tracks are applied around all surfaces, to form connected windings thereon, the deformable stamp having a projecting tip which can fit within the opening of the toroidal core.

Abstract: The optic axis of a vehicle headlight comprises a reflector, an incandescent helix and a convergent lens. The reflection surface of the reflector is parabolic in the horizontal midplane section and is elliptical in vertical median section. A narrow band of light spreading out laterally is thus produced without supplementary optical components, particularly the diffusion disk or dispersion lens. A sharp light-to-dark boundary is obtained by a diaphragm having an effective straight edge 18 located below the outer ellipse focus, which is coincident with that one of the principal foci of the converging lens which is the nearer to the reflector.

Abstract: To sense pressure within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (ICE), a plug element which already extends into the combustion chamber of the ICE, such as a sparkplug, or a glow plug, has a layer-like resistor applied to a ceramic insulator extending into the combustion chamber, for example, directly on the central insulator of a sparkplug or on the side of a ceramic glow plug bushing or plug element. If applied to a sparkplug then, preferably, the heater is shielded by metallic layers, separated from the metallic shielding layers by insulating layers, of which the top metallic layer preferably is platinum or a platinum-type metal to catalyze combustion of residues which, otherwise, might collect on the top layer and interfere with proper sensor operation. The layer-like sensor and conductive tracks may be of thick film construction; stamp-on printing with flexible printing stamps is suitable to apply the layer-like resistors.

Abstract: A method is proposed for through-contacting a circuit board (17), in which the wall (15) of a bore (16) is provided with a metallizing of a conductive thick-film paste (12). The application of the metallizing is effected in a particularly advantageous manner by imprinting the electrically conductive paste (12) by means of an elastically deformable imprinting stamp (11, 12).

Abstract: In order to make possible the lower level of electrostatic disturbance that accompanies the use of a wider than usual gap in an ignition distributor without undesirable increase of the ignition pulse voltage, the distributor electrode and/or the fixed ignition circuit electrodes of the distributor are made at least in part of a material that requires less energy for pulling out an electron and has a higher secondary electron emission capability than the usual brass plate used for the contact plate at the axis of revolution of the distributor rotor, to which a carbon brush is usually provided for making contact. Alloy additions of calcium oxide or barium oxide or silicon to brass have a suitable effect and an alloy containing silicon and preferably also aluminum and calcium is preferred. The gap width is between 3 and 5 mm, preferably about 4 mm for normal motor vehicle engine application.

Abstract: The part of the distributor electrode in the breakdown region has a resistance of at least 400 ohms per millimeter. The total resistance of the electrode is in the range of between 0.5 and 1.0 kilo-ohms. The material is a mixture of a resistive ceramic material and a finely dispersed additive of metallic conductivity. Arrangements for creating surface discharge gaps thereby slowing down the sparking process and decreasing interference are also illustrated.