Abstract: A simple process for preparing 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-butan-3-one, a sought-after natural aromatic, in a pure form and in good yield from easily accessible starting materials, wherein a 4-tert-alkoxy-benzaldehyde is condensed, under alkaline conditions, to give a novel 1-(4-tert.-alkoxy-phenyl)-but-1-en-3-one, the latter is hydrogenated, during or after this condensation, to give a novel 1-(4-tert.-alkoxy-phenyl)-butan-3-one, and isobutene or 2-methyl-but-1(2)-ene is eliminated from this compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid. The novel intermediates have the general formula ##STR1## where R is H or CH.sub.3 and the broken line may or may not be an additional carbon-carbon bond.

Abstract: A drive shaft of hollow form and of fibre-reinforced plastics material, has an end provided with an integral radially inwardly extending flange and one or more connecting members for effecting torque transmission with such flange. The flange may have a single central bush or the like, or a number of circumferentially distributed bushes, bolts or pins for torque transmission. Further a method of manufacturing such a drive shaft by fibre winding includes chordal winding of fibres to provide the flange, and a device for forming the flange during the winding process.

Abstract: 2-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanol is used as a scent and as a component of scent compositions.Scent compositions contain 2-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanol (I), which influences their fragrance. It has a very intense earthy woody vetiver-like fragrance and is stable in neutral, acidic and alkaline solutions.

Abstract: A joint between a pair of longitudinal members, one of which is formed of fiber-reinforced plastic having fibers wound at a fiber angle .alpha. taken relative to a longitudinal angle of the member, and the other of which is made of metal, e.g., steel. The plastic member is formed with an integral flange extending at a flange angle .beta. and the other member is formed with a flange having a frustoconical surface in abutment with the flange of the plastic member. The relationship .beta..ltoreq..alpha. is maintained to ensure that the flange on the plastic member is wound on a geodetic plane thereby becoming nonslip.

Abstract: A horizontal solid-bed polymerization reactor which is divided into a plurality of zones, for example a reaction zone, an after-reaction zone, a heating zone and a product discharge zone and possesses inlet and outlet openings for feeding substances into the zones and/or removing substances from the zones, the zones being separated from one another over a part of the reactor cross-section by means of weirs, wherein two drive shafts which are independent of one another and possess mixing elements are introduced into the solid-bed polymerization reactor in the middle.

Abstract: Novel disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or-alkenyl, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are .dbd.O, .dbd.CH--CN, .dbd.CH--CO--OCH.sub.3 or .dbd.CH--CO--OC.sub.2 H.sup.5, or R.sup.3 is hydrogen, --CH.sub.3, --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --C.tbd.CH when R.sup.4 is --OH or --O--CO--CH.sub.3, or R.sup.3 is H when R.sup.4 is --CH.sub.2 --CO--OCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 --CO--OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 or --CH.sub.2 --C.tbd.N and one or both of the dashed lines may be a further bond, are obtained by subjecting cyclopentadiene to a Diels-Alder reaction with an unsaturated ketone, this reaction being catalyzed by a Lewis acid, and then subjecting the compound of the formula Ia ##STR2## initially formed to a reduction, a Grignard reaction or a reaction with diethylphosphonoacetonitrile or ethyl phosphonoacetate and NaH.They can be used as scents and/or aromas or as intermediates for scents.

Abstract: Acetylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and X have the meanings given in the description, a process for their preparation and their use for regulating plant growth.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of primary terpenoid alcohols, e.g. 6,7-dihydrogeraniol and phytol, and of their esters with formic acid. The terpenoid formates are obtained very advantageously by reacting the corresponding tert.-vinylcarbinols with more than 2 moles, per mole of vinylcarbinol, of aqueous formic acid of more than 70 percent strength by weight, or with anhydrous formic acid, at from 5.degree. to 100.degree. C. The primary terpenoid alcohols themselves are obtained from their formates by trans-esterification with a low-boiling alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong base. The products are valuable compounds. For example, 6,7-dihydrogeraniol is used as a scent and phytol is used as a perfume fixative and as a starting material for the synthesis of naturally occurring materials.

Abstract: p-Alkoxycyclohexylalkanols and their esters of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 -alkyl, in particular tert.-butyl, or is cyclohexyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, acetyl, propionyl or butyryl, and scent compositions containing these compounds I and processes for their preparation. The novel compounds have fine woody or sandalwood notes and can be used as scents and as components of scent compositions.

Abstract: 4-Substituted but-3-ene-1-carboxylic acids and their esters R.sup.1 R.sup.2 C.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --CO--O--R.sup.3 (I, where R.sup.1 is an organic radical, R.sup.2 is H or R.sup.1, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a 5-membered to 20-membered ring, and R.sup.3 is H or lower alkyl) are prepared by carbonylation of R.sup.1 R.sup.2 C(OH)--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (II) in the presence of an alcohol R.sup.3' --OH (III, where R.sup.3' is lower alkyl) or, for the preparation of the acids I alone, in the absence of an alcohol III, at from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and under from 200 to 700 bar, using a complex of a palladium halide and a tertiary organic phosphine.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of the compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib ##STR1## wherein A. 2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one oxime of the formula IIb ##STR2## is treated with a strong aqueous acid at from 30.degree. to 80.degree. C., preferably 40.degree. to 70.degree. C.,B. the resulting ketone of the formula IIIb ##STR3## is oxidized in a conventional manner, and C. if desired, the resulting compound Ib is isomerized in a conventional manner.Compounds of the formula A ##STR4## where R is one of the following radicals: --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (IIIb), --CH(OH)--CH.sub.3 (IIIc), --CH.sub.2 OH (IIId), --CH(OH)--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (IIIe), --CH(OCOCH.sub.3)--CH.sub.3 (IIIf), --CH.sub.2 --OCOCH.sub.3 (IIIg), --CO--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (Ib), --CO--CH.sub.3 (Ic) and --CO--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (Ie).The compounds IIIb to IIIg, Ib, Ic and Ie are useful scents and aromas, and furthermore may become important intermediates for novel carotenoids.

Abstract: 1-Formyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-ene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R is --H or --CH.sub.3 and A is O or NOH are prepared by nitrosylating the corresponding 1-formyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-ene or -cyclohex-2-ene and, where appropriate, hydrolyzing the resulting oxime (where A is NOH) to the corresponding ketone (where A is O).The compounds I, except where R is H and A is O, are novel.

Abstract: Trimethyl-p-benzoquinone of the formula I ##STR1## is prepared by a process wherein A. 2,5,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one or 2,3,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one is reacted with air or oxygen at from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C. in a virtually anhydrous low molecular weight alkanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(I) oxide or copper(II) oxide and in the presence of from 1 to 10 moles of a hydrogen halide gas per mole of trimethylcyclohexenone, and thereafterB. the reaction mixture, which essentially contains 2,3,6-trimethylphenol and/or 4-halo-2,3,6-trimethylphenol, is mixed with an alkali metal alcoholate in an amount such that a sample, when moistened with water, has a pH of from 3 to 6, and is then reacted with air, pure oxygen or tert.-butyl hydroperoxide at from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Cyclopentadecanolide of the formula I ##STR1## is prepared by a process wherein 12-oxocyclopentadecanolide of the formula ##STR2## is reduced electrochemically.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of unsaturated ketones of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are different and each is H or --CH.sub.3, by reacting an aldehyde of the general formula II ##STR3## with a molar excess of acetone or methyl ethyl ketone at an elevated temperature in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution, wherein (a) all the reactants are mixed thoroughly, (b) the temperature is kept at from 10 to 120.degree. C. above the boiling point of the lowest-boiling component and (c) the pressure is kept at from p to 100 bar, where p is the vapor pressure of the mixture at the reaction temperature.The products methylpseudoionone, dimethylpseudoionone, pseudoirone, methylpseudoirone and dimethylpseudoirone are useful scents and scent intermediates. In addition, pseudoionone is an important intermediate for the industrial preparation of vitamin A, and 6-methyl-hepta-3,5-dien-2-one is a sought-after aromatic.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of resorcinol derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is carbalkoxy, nitrile, alkyl or H and R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 are H or lower alkyl, by reacting the corresponding cyclohexane-1,3-dione (II) with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of a copper compound and of from 1 to 10 moles of a hydrogen halide, or from 0.5 to 5 moles of thionyl chloride per mole of II, in an alkanol having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, tetrahydrofuran or methyl tert.-butyl ether as the solvent, at from 0.degree. to 150 C., without the addition of a significant amount of water to the reaction mixture. Some of the resorcinol derivatives prepared are useful scents with fragrance notes of the character of the odoriferous substance of natural oak moss.

Abstract: Bis-tert.-butoxypentanals and bis-tert.butoxypentanols of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, one X is --CHO or --CH.sub.2 OH and the others are H.

Abstract: Tert.-butoxybutanals and tert.-butoxybutanols (I) and bis-tert.-butoxypentanals and bis-tert.-butoxypentanols (II) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, one X is --CHO or --CH.sub.2 OH and the others are H.These compounds, which are valuable as fragrances and for use in organic syntheses are obtained by hydro-formylating the ethers (III) and bis-ethers (IV), respectively, using Rh catalysts.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of cyclocitrals of the general formula I ##STR1## via the novel N-methylaldimines of the general formula II ##STR2## and the novel N-methylaldimines of the formula II. The cyclocitrals of the formula I are obtained in yields of 80-90%, based on citral employed. The compounds I and II are important intermediates for the preparation of fragrances and carotinoids, such as vitamin A, and products related thereto.

Abstract: Aromatic amines, in particular substituted amines, are obtained from corresponding alicyclic alcohols or ketones, in one step, by amination and dehydrogenation with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and of a palladium catalyst which also contains zinc or cadmium.