Abstract: A device for coupling and decoupling two shafts or other elements of a drive train for transmitting rotations or torques especially to be used as a clutch segment in the field of motorcycle drives is provided. The clutch segment includes two parts one of which comprise troughs or recesses being arranged on a circle and offset by essentially the same angle. The troughs are at least approximately tangentially abutting an inner circle. The troughs linearly extend from their deepest point, beginning with a radius of the inner circle, at an angle towards an edge thereof and turn over towards the edge of a radius. A force application point for applying a force for coupling or decoupling the elements is located at a distance from a rotation axis of the clutch segment.

Abstract: A toothbrush head suitable to direct incident radiation toward a surface of a tooth and to collect emitted radiation from the surface of the tooth, being made at least in past of a material which is transparent to the incident and/or emitted radiation. In preferred embodiments the head includes one or more radiation guiding cores of transparent material.

Abstract: A method for in vitro cultivation of cells, which grow on a culture surface, wherein the cells are sown on culture surfaces (1) and are cultivated in a culture medium, whereby the culture surface is continually or periodically expanded, without being removed from the culture medium. To expand the culture surface, the cells are not detached from the culture surface and the culture surface between the cells is expanded. However, at least part of the cells can be detached and the culture surface can be expanded by the flooding of additional culture surface areas. The culture surface of an example device for cell cultivation consists of one side of an expanding membrane (6), which is expanded by modifying the pressure on the other side. The cell cultivation can be carried out without manual passaging. The cells are subjected to less stress than in known cell cultivation methods and the method can be automated more easily.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing ammonia (NH3) and introducing the produced ammonia (NH3) into an exhaust gas stream as a reduction means for selectively catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas stream, which is an exhaust stream generated by the combustion process of a motor, a gas turbine, or a burner. The method comprises feeding dry urea from a supply container in a controlled amount to reactor and subjecting the dry urea in the reactor to a sufficiently rapid thermal treatment such that a gas mixture comprising the reaction products of ammonia (NH3) and isocyanic acid (HCNO) is created. Also, the method comprises immediately catalytically treating the thus produced gas mixture in the presence of water such that the isocyanic acid (HCNO) resulting from the rapid thermal treatment is converted, via quantitative hydrolysis treatment, into ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Abstract: A device for coupling and decoupling two shafts or other elements of a drive train for transmitting rotations or torques especially to be used as a clutch segment in the field of motorcycle drives is provided. The clutch segment includes two parts one of which comprise troughs or recesses being arranged on a circle and offset by essentially the same angle. The troughs are at least approximately tangentially abutting an inner circle. The troughs linearly extend from their deepest point, beginning with a radius of the inner circle, at an angle towards an edge thereof and turn over towards the edge of a radius. A force application point for applying a force for coupling or decoupling the elements is located at a distance from a rotation axis of the clutch segment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispensing container and a method of using the dispensing container that makes it possible to remove liquid, suspended, viscous or pasty contents from the container such that there is no excess of air within the container during storage and removal of the container contents and so that contact with the surrounding atmosphere is minimized. The dispensing container includes a hollow body, sealed at one end by a sliding element and at the other end by a membrane fastened on the hollow body. During the removal of the contents through the membrane, the sliding element is displaced toward the membrane by a vacuum generated by removal of some of the contents from the container.

Abstract: What is described here is a method of manufacturing spectacles comprising individual progressive ophthalmic lenses, including the following steps: selection of a spectacle frame, detection of the shape of the lens rings with a precision better than ±0.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nucleic acid molecule which includes a nucleic acid sequence coding for a chemokine, a neuropeptide precursor or at least one neuropeptide, as well as a host cell which contains this nucleic acid molecule. In addition the invention concerns a polypeptide molecule which functions as chemokine or neuropeptide or contains at least one neuropeptide, as well as fragments thereof which include at least one neuropeptide, and a procedure for the manufacture of the polypeptide molecule or of a fragment thereof. In addition the invention concerns antibodies, demonstration procedures and test-kits as well as pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: What is described here is a method of manufacturing spectacles comprising individual progressive ophthalmic lenses, including the following steps:

Abstract: A tissue holder (1, 1a) has a first connector (2, 2a) which can be connected to a tissue part and a second connector (3, 3a) which can be connected to a further tissue part. The tissue holder further holds the two connectors (2, 2a; 3, 3a) and thus the tissue parts relative to one another. The first and second connectors (2, 2a; 3, 3a) each have at least one curved spike (21, 22, 21a, 22a; 31, 32, 31a, 32a) which extends around the longitudinal axis of the tissue holder (1, 1a).

Abstract: An optical arrangement, in particular a microlithographic projection printing installation, has in particular a slot-shaped image field or rotationally non-symmetrical illumination. A refractive optical element, e.g. a lens (2), is heated by the rotationally non-symmetrical radiated impingement (3) of a light source. At least one electric heating element is coupled to the optical element. Said heating element comprises a resistance heating coating carried by the optical element. In the region of the surface (3) of the optical element acted upon by the radiation of the light source the resistance heating coating is substantially optically transparent. It comprises a plurality of parallel, electrically mutually insulated coating strips (5 to 10). A heating current source (17 to 19) is additionally part of the heating element.

Abstract: An optical system, in particular a microlithographic projection printing installation, has in particular a slot-shaped image field or rotationally non-symmetrical illumination. The system comprises a light source (30) as well as at least one optical element, in particular a lens or a mirror. In the region of at least one surface acted upon by the radiation (1) of the light source (30) the optical element is substantially symmetrical in relation to an axis of rotational symmetry (5). The optical element or its housing (6) is rotatably connected to a frame (7) by at least one bearing (8, 9, 10). An actuator (18) sets the optical element (25) or its housing (6) in rotation about the axis of rotational symmetry (5). The actuation cooperates with a control device (23). The latter activates the actuator (18) for rotation of the optical element at least temporarily during the period, when the optical element is exposed to lumination. In such a manner rotationally non-symmetrical image defects are compensated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the simplified isolation in high yields of sponge collagen, especially from marine sponges, and to the production of collagen nanoparticles from collagen. The invention further relates to the use thereof for influencing cell-dependent processes in vitro and in vivo, especially when orally or topically administered to treat inflammatory, preferably cyclooxygenase-dependent diseases.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting biological deposits on the surface of a tooth. The device has illumination means to direct exciting radiation onto a test tooth surface and detection means to detect fluorescence emission from the test tooth surface at a wavelength associated with that of auto fluorescence emission from clean tooth surface. The intensity of the said fluorescence emission from the test tooth surface is compared with an intensity of auto fluorescence emission from clean tooth surface and the comparison is associated with the presence of deposits on the test tooth surface. The device is preferably embodied in a toothbrush which indicates to the user that deposits are present and are being removed.

Abstract: A gas generator for a vehicle occupant restraint system. The gas generator comprises a housing, a filter chamber, and a combustion chamber which is filled with solid propellant and which has an outflow end. The gas generator further comprises at least one igniter unit which has an igniter and ignites the solid propellant, and comprises at least one filter which adjoins the solid propellant at the outflow end and delimits the combustion chamber. The filter has a central part which at least in sections has the shape of a cone and tapers in a direction towards an interior of the combustion chamber. The solid propellant laterally adjoins the conical section.

Abstract: An optical arrangement, in particular a projection exposure system for microlithography, has, in particular, a slit-shaped image field or a non-rotational-symmetric illumination. As a result, an optical element (101) is exposed in a non-rotational-symmetric manner to the radiation of the light source (110, 111, 112). The optical element (101) has an absorbing coating (104, 105). The absorption of the coating (104, 105) is distributed in such a manner that it is non-rotation-symmetrical in a manner that is at least approximately complementary to the intensity distribution of the exposure to the radiation (107, 108, 109) of the light source (110, 111, 112). As a result of the energy absorbed in the coating (104, 105), an additional heating of the optical element (101) takes place that results in a better non-rotational-symmetric temperature distribution and, consequently, a compensation for light-induced imaging errors.

Abstract: A method for the improvement of neuronal regeneration by prevention or inhibition of basal membrane formation induced by a lesion of neuronal tissue.

Abstract: Cartilage tissue and implants comprising tissue are produced in vitro starting from cells having the ability to form an extracellular cartilage matrix. Such cells are brought into a cell space (1) and are left in this cell space for producing an extracellular cartilage matrix. The cells are brought into the cell space to have a cell density of ca. 5×107 to 109 cells per cm3 of cell space. The cell space (1) is at least partly separated from a culture medium space (2) surrounding the cell space by means of a semi-permeable wall (3) or by an open-pore wall acting as convection barrier. The open-pore wall can be designed as a plate (7) made of a bone substitute material and constituting the bottom of the cell space (1). The cells settle on such a plate (7) and the cartilage tissue growing in the cell space (1).

Abstract: A multi-stage gas generator comprises a housing with an outer wall and also inner walls, at least two combustion chambers filled with at least one propellant charge, one igniter each associated with a propellant charge for the independent activation of each propellant charge, and at least one thermal insulation arrangement between the propellant charges. The arrangement reduces a transport of thermal energy, generated on the ignition of a propellant charge, to the other non-ignited propellant charge to such a high extent that the non-ignited propellant charge remains below its autogenous ignition temperature. Instead of or additionally to the thermal arrangement a cooling arrangement may be provided.

Abstract: Cartilage tissue and implants comprising tissue are produced in vitro starting from cells having the ability to form an extracellular cartilage matrix. Such cells are brought into a cell space (1) and are left in this cell space for producing an extracellular cartilage matrix. The cells are brought into the cell space to have a cell density of ca. 5×107 to 109 cells per cm3 of cell space. The cell space (1) is at least partly separated from a culture medium space (2) surrounding the cell space by means of a semi-permeable wall (3) or by an open-pore wall acting as convection barrier. The open-pore wall can be designed as a plate (7) made of a bone substitute material and constituting the bottom of the cell space (1). The cells settle on such a plate (7) and the cartilage tissue growing in the cell space (1).