Abstract: A homogeneous, storage-stable, emulsifier-free polyol mixture having a high mixed OH-number and a high ethylene glycol content comprising 100 parts of a relatively high molecular weight polyalkylene oxide polyol having an OH-number of from 20 to 210, which contains at least 5%, and less than 80%, by weight, of terminal ethylene oxide blocks, from 0.1 to 30 parts of a low molecular weight diol mixture having an OH-number of 1200 to 1650 in the form of a reaction product of 1 mole of ethylene glycol with 0.1 to 0.5 moles of propylene oxide, optionally, up to 5 parts of di- and/or tri-functional compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight of from 32 to 399, and optionally, other auxiliaries and additives known in the production of polyurethanes. Also, polyurethanes produced using these polyol mixtures.

Abstract: Polyamines containing aromatically bound primary amino groups having an NH.sub.2 -content of from 0.19 to 20.3 wt % are produced by a single stage process. A compound containing aromatically bound NCO-groups and having an isocyanate content of from 0.5 to 40 wt % is hydrolyzed with an excess of water in the presence of a water-miscible polar solvent and optionally a catalyst. The hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of from -10.degree. to 150.degree. C. in a manner such that the reaction mixture is substantially homogeneous. The water-miscible polar solvent generally has a boiling point of from 56.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a dielectric constant of at least 10. This polar solvent is used in a quantity of at least 5 parts solvent for every 100 parts of isocyanate. Tertiary amines are the preferred catalysts. These polyamines are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Polyisocyanates are produced by phosgenating a primary polyamine in the presence of at least one compound containing at least one primary and/or secondary alcoholic hydroxyl group in accordance with techniques known in the art. The reactants are used in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of primary amino groups to alcoholic hydroxyl group of from 1:0.005 to 1:0.99 is maintained during the phosgenation reaction. Where phosgenation is carried out in a two-stage process, the compound containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups must at least be present in the required quantity during the second stage. The primary polyamine may optionally be converted into a phosgenatable salt or a carbon dioxide adduct prior to being phosgenated to form the polyisocyanate. The polyisocyanates thus-produced may then be used in the production of polyurethanes or polyamines.

Abstract: Polymer-containing polyether polyamines containing terminal aromatically-bound amino groups are produced by in situ polymerization of a polyether polyamine with an olefinically unsaturated monomer. The polyether polyamine starting material must have terminal aromatic amino groups, a molecular weight of from 800 to 10,000 and an aromatic amino group content of from 0.3 to 16 wt. %. Suitable olefinically unsaturated monomers include .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitriles, aromatic vinyl compounds, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters thereof, vinyl esters, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid amides and aminoalkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids. Acrylonitrile/styrene mixtures are preferred monomers. The starting materials are employed in quantities such that the product modified polyether polyamine contains from 1 to 60 wt. % polymer or graft-polymer. The product polyamines are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: High molecular weight aromatic polyamines are produced by hydrolyzing a polyisocyanate having an isocyanate content of from 21 to 52.5% and an isocyanate-reactive group-containing compound having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 in the presence of an excess of water. The reactants are used in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of isocyanate to isocyanate-reactive groups is from 0.1 to 5. Further, water is used in an amount such that the equivalent ratio of water to isocyanate groups is greater than 1. Low molecular weight compounds containing isocyanate-reactive groups, solvents, basic catalysts and urethanization catalysts may also be included in the mixture to be hydrolyzed. The hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of from -20.degree. to 175.degree. C. The product amine is isolated from the reaction mixture by procedures such as phase separation, extraction and distillation. The polyamines thus-produced are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a cellular polyurethane by the reaction of(A) a polyisocyanate with(B) an isocyanate reactive component containing(1) at least one component having a molecular weight of about 60-2000 and a functionality of 2 to 8, containing isocyanate reactive groups,(2) optionally at least one component having a molecular weight of about 2000 to 12,000 and a functionality of 2 to 8 containing isocyanate reactive groups.(3) about 0.1 to 30 parts, based on 100 parts of (B1)+(B2), of a liquid adduct of an amine and carbon dioxide, and(4) optionally water, blowing agents, foam stabilizers, catalysts and other auxiliary agents and additives,characterized in that the liquid adduct of amine and carbon dioxide is liquid at 20.degree. C., optionally contains water, and is an adduct of carbon dioxide and an amine having at least one amino group and containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary hydroxyl group, which amine may be solid or liquid at 20.degree.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of aromatic polyamines containing urethane and/or biuret and/or urea and/or isocyanurate groups and preferably also ether groups by the hydrolysis of poly-N-monoaryl-N',N'-dialkyl urea compounds (1-aryl-3,3-dialkyl ureas). The ureas are obtained by the reaction of secondary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or saturated heterocyclic amines with divalent to tetravalent isocyanate compounds containing isocyanate end groups attached to aromatic residues. The ureas correspond to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 denote alkyl or cycloalkyl groups, or together form a ring andA denotes a divalent to tetravalent residue attached to the ureas by aromatic groups.Hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of water and up to two equivalents of a base containing hydroxide ions and/or up to two equivalents of a compound containing tertiary amino groups, optionally in the presence of solvents.

Abstract: This invention relates to new liquid or fluid polyamine/carbonic acid salt compositions free from crystalline content and their preparation from mixtures containing at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyamine, an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyamine having at least one hydroxyl group and at least one amino group, and water and optionally diluents and/or conventional auxiliary agents and additives, by the addition of carbon dioxide. The proportion of polyamine to hydroxyamine is in the range of from about 95:5 to 10:90 % by weight, the quantity of water added is from about 0.01 to 5 mol of H.sub.2 O per amine equivalent (but at least 1 mol of water per mol of CO.sub.2) and the quantity of CO.sub.2 added is from about 0.01 to 0.99 mol of CO.sub.2 per amine equivalent.

Abstract: Polymer modified polyamines having a polymer content of from 1 to 30 wt. % and an aromatic amino group content of from 1 to 12.5 wt. % are produced by hydrolyzing a polyisocyanate prepolymer in an aqueous alkaline medium. The polyisocyanate prepolymer is polymer modified by in situ polymerization of either the prepolymer or the isocyanate used in making the prepolymer with an unsaturated monomer in the presence of a radical forming polymerization catalyst in a manner such that a solution and/or dispersion is formed. The prepolymer is formed from a relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compound, aromatic polyisocyanate, and optionally a chain extender or crosslinking agent. The aromatic polyisocyanate used is from 60-100 wt. % polyisocyanate of the diphenyl alkane series and from 0 to 60 wt. % tolylene diisocyanate. The preferred unsaturated monomer is acrylonitrile containing up to 20 wt. % comonomer.

Abstract: A process for the production of optionally cellular molded articles with a smooth outer skin and improved surface characteristics by the reaction, inside a closed mold, of a mixture of one or more organic polyisocyanates, one or more compounds having molecular weights of from 400 to 12,000, which contain at least two isocyanate-reactive groups, chain-linking and/or chain-extending agents, and optionally, known auxiliary agents and additives used in polyurethane chemistry, characterized in that before the reaction, surface-improving additives comprising one or more polymers or copolymers of one or more olefinically-unsaturated monomers, which polymers or copolymers have molecular weights of from 200 to 50,000, are liquid at room temperature, soluble in the reaction mixture, and inert toward isocyanate groups and at least one metal salt of a monocarboxylic acid having at least 8 carbon atoms, are incorporated into the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A single-phase, storage-stable, emulsifier-free polyol mixture comprising 100 parts of a relatively high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene polyol of OH number from 20 to 120, which has at least 5% and less than 80% by weight, of terminal oxyethylene blocks; from 1 to 100 parts of a low molecular weight diol mixture which is a reaction product of ethylene glycol, butane diol-1,4, or a mixture of ethylene glycol and butane diol-1,4, with from 0.05 to 0.50 mols of alkyl oxiranes; from 0.1 to 5 parts of solubilizing additives comprising one or more salts, the cations of which are from Groups I, II and III of the Periodic Table, ammonium or mono- to tetra-alkyl ammonium ions, and the anions of which are produced by removing at least one proton from an acid having a K.sub.s value of at least 10.sup.-7 ; and, optionally, other compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and other auxiliaries and additives for polyurethane production. Also polyurethanes produced using these polyol mixtures.

Abstract: Optionally-foamed polyurethanes are produced by reacting polyisocyanates with organic compounds containing at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight in the range from 400 to 10,000, in the presence of activators corresponding to the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be the same or different and represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 -alkaryl,X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 may be the same or different and represent halogen or a radical of the formula --OR.sup.5, --SR.sup.6 or ##STR2## with the proviso that X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 cannot both represent a halogen atom,R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be the same or different and represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 -alkaryl and 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.

Abstract: A compound having a terminal isocyanate group is hydrolyzed to produce a polyamine having a urethane and/or a urea and/or a biuret group. More particularly, a carbamate is made by mixing an isocyanate prepolymer having urethane and/or urea and/or biuret groups present with aqueous base solutions at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 0.degree. C. and in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of hydroxyl to isocyanate groups is between from 0,3:1 to .gtoreq.1,01 to 1. The carbamate is then treated with an acid ion exchanger to form an amine. The amine is then removed from any other material which may be present. A preferred polyamine thus-produced corresponds to the general formula: ##STR1## in which each R radical may represent a divalent straight or branched- chain aliphatic radical; a divalent cycloaliphatic radical; a 4,4'- and/or a 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane radical; or a 2,4- and/or 2,6-methyl cyclohexane radical.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethanes, particularly polyurethane foam moldings having a compact skin and a cellular core, using special tin activators.

Abstract: A compound having a terminal isocyanate group is hydrolyzed to produce a polyamine having a urethane and/or a urea and/or a biuret group. More particularly, a carbamate is made by mixing an isocyanate prepolymer having urethane and/or urea and/or biuret groups present with aqueous base solutions at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 0.degree. C. and in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of hydroxyl to isocyanate groups is between from 0.3:1 to .gtoreq.1.01 to 1. The carbamate is then treated with an acid ion exchanger to form an amine. The amine is then removed from any other material which may be present. A preferred polyamine thus-produced corresponds to the general formula: ##STR1## in which each R radical may represent a divalent straight or branched-chain aliphatic radical; a divalent cycloaliphatic radical; a 4,4'- and/or a 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane radical; or a 2,4- and/or 2,6-methyl cyclohexane radical.

Abstract: Compounds having both s-triazine units and epoxide groups present are prepared by reacting an epoxide containing an isocyanate-reactive group with a triisocyanate corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which X is as defined herein. These reactants are used in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is maintained at less than or equal to 1 to 1. The compounds thus produced are particularly useful as reactive cross-linkers in the production of polyurethanes and polyepoxides.

Abstract: A polyurethane is made by reacting a polyisocyanate with a compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst employed is a cyclic N-hydroxyalkyl-substituted compound containing an amidine group. Polyurethanes made in accordance with this process are useful as shoe soles, upholstery material, sound insulating materials, coating compositions, packaging materials and mattresses.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds which contain s-triazine units and isocyanate groups or isocyanate-reactive groups and which melt without decomposition, by the reaction of triisocyanates containing s-triazine units with compounds containing isocyanate-reactive groups, and the use of these products as fillers which can be chemically fixed in the production of polyurethanes by the isocyanate polyaddition process.

Abstract: A polymer precursor containing an oxazolin-2-one ring is made by reacting (a) an amino-reactive group containing compound having at least two groups capable of entering into an addition or condensation reaction with primary or secondary aromatically-bound amino groups with (b) an aromatic amine having at least one primary or secondary aromatically-bound amino group and at least one condensed oxazolin-2-one ring. The reactants are used in quantities such that for each aromatically bound primary or secondary amino group there are from 0.95 to 5 groups present in the amino-reactive group containing compound which are capable of reacting with the amino group. These polymer precursors may be used to produce high molecular weight polymers useful in the production of solid molded products, adhesives, foam plastics and coatings.