Abstract: A process of precooking grains is described, which comprises the steps of: a) Charging the grains into a reactor (4) in a controlled manner; b) Applying a first negative pressure to the reactor (4); c) Heating the grains contained in the reactor (4); d) Applying a second negative pressure to the reactor (4); and e) Cooling the grains. An equipment for precooking grains is also described, which comprises at least one reactor (4), which is associable with means (9) for applying negative pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed are mono-layer or multi-layer profiles or moldings wherein at least one layer comprises a fringed surface microstructure, a process for making these items and uses thereof. Further disclosed are articles of manufacture comprising such profile or molding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layered semi-finished product with at least one first and one second film layer. The semi-finished product has a velour-type structure on the outer surface of the first film layer facing away from the second film layer and the second layer has a filler material. The first and second film layers are permeable. A first proportion of a filler material in the first film layer is smaller than a second proportion of a filler in the second film layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for detecting and locating fire sources or gas impurities in one or several monitoring chambers. Said device comprises a (main) detector for detecting a fire characteristic value or a gas impurity, into which a part of the ambient air in said monitoring chambers is continuously injected by means of an intake unit through a line, arranged in each monitoring chamber and provided with intake ports. Said invention also relates to a method for individually detecting fire sources or gas impurities. The aim of the invention is to provide a device and a method, which combine, in a simple and economic manner, the advantages of gas inlet systems, such as an active intake and a concealed assembly, with the advantage of the localization of each intake port as well as the detection of a precise fire source or a precise gas impurity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a structured, voluminous non-woven web or velourised film from a thermoplastic by producing an unstructured web and subsequently processing this web using a pair of rollers (10a, 10b). The pair of rollers consists of a positive roller (10a) having numerous positive bodies distributed over the roll sleeve surface and a negative roller (10b) having equally as numerous cavities. During the rolling process, the positive bodies engage with the cavities and stretch the unstructured web in the area of the roller engagements in such a way that a deep-drawn web structure with numerous cavities is produced. After the web has passed through a roller gap, the deformed web, still bonded to the positive roller, is brought into contact with a perforating tool and perforated.

Abstract: Inerting method and apparatus reduce the risk of and extinguish fires in an enclosed space. The method provides that the oxygen content in the space is reduced to a set base inerting level and, in the event of a fire, is quickly further reduced to a complete inerting level. For carrying out the method, the apparatus includes an oxygen measuring device for the enclosed space, with a first system for producing the oxygen-expulsion gas or for extracting oxygen from the enclosed space, with a second system for rapidly feeding an oxygen-expulsion gas into the space being monitored, and with a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the enclosed space. A control unit sends a base inerting signal to the first system in accordance with the oxygen content in the enclosed space, and sends a complete inerting signal to the second system in accordance with a detection signal from the fire detection device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inert rendering method for preventing and/or extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces, wherein an oxygen-inhibiting gas is introduced into the target area in order to adjust a first basic level of inertion with a reduced oxygen content in comparison with natural conditions, and wherein an oxygen-inhibiting gas is further introduced in a gradual or sudden manner (in the case of a fire) into the target area in order to adjust one or more levels of inertion with a similarly reduced oxygen content. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, comprising an oxygen-measuring device in the target area and a source of an oxygen-inhibiting gas. The aim of the invention is to provide an inert rendering method and device for carrying out said method enabling the storage of extinguishing gas needed to extinguish a fire in a simple, economical manner without having to resort to premises which are normally specially provided therefor.

Abstract: A device for fastening a fuel injector in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injector having the diameter d0, a fastening screw screwed into the cylinder head, and a forklike clamping pad, penetrated by this fastening screw, with two tines of length l2 and spacing d2. The shaft of the fuel injector narrows in the direction of the injection nozzle to a diameter d1, and the narrowed shaft is provided at one point with opposed extensions; the width l1 at this point does not exceed the original diameter d0 of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes an injector body in which an annular chamber into which an inlet bore discharges at an orifice point is embodied. A pressure tube neck with a sealing face is embodied on the injector body. The pressure tube neck is offset from the line of symmetry of the annular chamber; the inlet bore, embodied in the pressure tube neck, ends at a tangent, at an obtuse entrance angle, in the annular chamber at the orifice point.

Abstract: Inerting method and apparatus reduce the risk of and extinguish fires in an enclosed space. The method provides that the oxygen content in the space is reduced to a set base inerting level and, in the event of a fire, is quickly further reduced to a complete inerting level. For carrying out the method, the apparatus includes an oxygen measuring device for the enclosed space, with a first system for producing the oxygen-expulsion gas or for extracting oxygen from the enclosed space, with a second system for rapidly feeding an oxygen-expulsion gas into the space being monitored, and with a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the enclosed space. A control unit sends a base inerting signal to the first system in accordance with the oxygen content in the enclosed space, and sends a complete inerting signal to the second system in accordance with a detection signal from the fire detection device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for producing a surface-structured, film semi-finished product made of a thermoplastic which is applied onto a prepared surface with numerous fine cavities provided in the form of pocket borings and is correspondingly shaped. The solidified plastic material is removed from the surface as a structured film, whereby the thermoplastic material which is inserted into the cavities and removed from the same forms a pile comprised of projections and naps. The projections which form the pile are stretch by combing, brushing, using a squeegee, and/or by squeezing by shearing in order to form naps.

Abstract: An air intake device for an internal combustion engine with crankcase ventilation in which crankcase gases are conducted via a duct structure (25) into the interior (18) of the air intake device (10). The duct structure ensures a quasi cylinder-selective feed through a plurality of feed inlets (27) into individual intake channels (20a). The duct structure is formed by the wall of the intake manifold and is sealed by a cover, so that the intake manifold can be produced cost-effectively. This construction has the advantage of ensuring uniform distribution of the crankcase gases among the cylinders while simultaneously enabling economically efficient manufacture.

Abstract: An air intake system with resonance as well as ram charging. Ram charging is effected via intake ducts 15 and ram manifold 13, whereas resonance charging is effected by longitudinally adjustable resonance channels 12 and resonance manifold 11. The longitudinal adjustment of the resonance channels 12 is effected by rotatable control elements 22 driven by a motor 27, and the control elements 22 are accommodated in control housings 20 which communicate with the ram manifolds 13 via connecting ducts 34. The use of connecting ducts 34 allows a largely flexible arrangement of the control housings in relation to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. As a result the system can be advantageously and optimally adapted to the spatial characteristics within the engine compartment of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: An inerting method for reducing the risk of and for extinguishing fires in enclosed space as well as apparatus for carrying out the method are provided. To ensure an effective extinction of a fire while keeping the storage capacity for inert gas cylinders at a minimum, the method provides that the oxygen content in the enclosed space is reduced to a set base inerting level and, in the event of a fire, is quickly further reduced to a complete inerting level. For carrying out the method, the apparatus includes an oxygen measuring device in the enclosed space, with a first system for producing the oxygen-expulsion gas or for extracting oxygen from the enclosed space, with a second system for rapidly feeding an oxygen-expulsion gas into the space being monitored, and with a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the enclosed space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a structured voluminous non-woven fabric, comprising the following steps: producing a spunbonded non-woven fabric consisting of a plurality of monofilaments which are stretched only at 50 to 70% of the maximum possible stretch range to form a fiber skein and subsequent processing the raw non-woven fabric by means of a second pair of rollers (10a, b) with a metal outer jacket to improve the velvet finish. In the second pair of rollers, the positive elements of the positive roller are nops (11) arranged in rows and the surface of the negative roller has lamellas (13) which are arranged in an axial direction and provided with intermediate recesses (14) so that when the rollers roll against each other the lamellas engage in the channels left open by the nops.

Abstract: An air intake system with resonance as well as ram charging. Ram charging is effected via intake ducts 15 and ram manifold 13, whereas resonance charging is effected by longitudinally adjustable resonance channels 12 and resonance manifold 11. The longitudinal adjustment of the resonance channels 12 is effected by rotatable control elements 22 driven by a motor 27, and the control elements 22 are accommodated in control housings 20 which communicate with the ram manifolds 13 via connecting ducts 34. The use of connecting ducts 34 allows a largely flexible arrangement of the control housings in relation to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. As a result the system can be advantageously and optimally adapted to the spatial characteristics within the engine compartment of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, having a valve member that is axially displaceable in a valve body and that with a sealing face cooperates, to control an injection opening, with a valve seat face on the valve body. An end of the valve member remote from the combustion chamber is urged in the closing direction by a valve spring disposed in a spring chamber. The valve member has a pressure shoulder acting in the opening direction, which protrudes into a pressure chamber that is filled with high fuel pressure. Via a throttle gap, the spring chamber communicates with the pressure chamber and is sealed off from a fuel return system, so that during the opening stroke motion of the valve member the spring chamber acts as a hydraulic damper.

Abstract: A device and a method for explosive quenching of fires are indicated, for example forest and area fires. The quenching device contains two flexible hoses (1, 2) disposed next to one another and transversely to the direction of risk (5), and closable at both ends, for accommodating quenching agents, and in each case an explosive (3, 4) in or on the hoses (1, 2) atomizes the quenching agent by its ignition to form a mist, which is applied to the fire. In order to achieve a directed ejection of the quenching agent in the direction of the area of risk, the pulse (I.sub.1) which emerges from the first hose (1) facing way from the area of risk is greater than the pulse (I2) emerging from the second hose (2) facing the area of risk. For differing hose diameters, dimensioning of the quantities of explosive in relation to the diameter of the associated hose is effected taking into account the density (of the quenching agent according to a formula according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for producing a structured, voluminous nonwowen comprises the following steps: (a) a spun nonwoven is produced from a plurality of individual filaments which are stretched and gathered into a skein of fibers; (b) the skein is pressed and not-bonded into a crude nonwoven (12) through a first pair of rollers (9a, b); and (c) the crude nonwoven is further processed through a second pair of rollers (10a, b). The process is characterized in that the individual filaments are initially stretched merely up to a range from 50 to 70% of their maximum possible extension, and in that the crude nonwoven (12) is further processed through a pair of rollers (10a, b) composed of a positive roller (10a) with numerous nops or elevations (11) distributed over the outer surface of the roller and of a negative roller (10) with just as numerous recesses or depressions (12). During rolling, the nops engage the recesses and further stretch the crude non-woven in the area of the roller nops.

Abstract: A pilot control valve of a fuel injection valve, having a first housing part which forms a well with walls parallel to an axis (z-z). A second housing part with a plug-in portion which is introduced in form-locking fashion into the well up to a set-point position. The first and second housing parts jointly define a chamber in which a valve closing member is displaceable along the axis in a chamber between a closed position, in which the valve closing member rests on a pilot control valve seat, and an open position, and the stroke of the valve closing member between the closed and the open positions is defined by the set-point position. The plug-in portion is fixed in the set-point position on the walls of the well that are parallel to the axis (z-z). It is thus possible for the set-point position, which is equivalent to a desired switching performance of the pilot control valve, to be adjusted accurately before a fixation.