Abstract: In the casting of aluminium and other metals having a relatively low melting point, the metal is cast between a pair of belts, which are caused to move along precisely defined paths by means of externally applied attractive forces, which hold the outer surface of at least the upper of the belts against closely spaced support surfaces. The attractive force is preferably achieved by sub-atmospheric pressure conditions on the reverse side of the belts, although magnetic forces may be employed for the same purpose. The belts are preferably arranged to provide a casting cavity of decreasing thickness to maintain close contact between the belt and the solidifying metal to secure rapid transfer of heat from the metal to the belts throughout the length of the casting zone. The cooling of the belts is preferably achieved by directing jets of coolant substantially normally to the belt at closely spaced localities.

Abstract: A flow transmitter for monitoring pulsating liquid flow rates, such as intermittent or cyclic impulsion produced by reciprocating pumps, employs a short stroke, variable area flowmeter having an armature core mounted in the flowmeter stem. As the stem rises and falls with flow, the armature moves within a linear variable differential transformer coil to produce an A. C. voltage following core deflection. This A. C. deflection signal is converted to a milliampere D. C. signal by means of a demodulator which through a long-time constant RC filter network averages the pulsed flow variations to provide a continuous non-inferential measurement proportional to flow.