Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus designed to improve the water supplied to non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a system and method for softening water for use in non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus designed to improve the water supplied to non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a system and method for softening water for use in non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers.

Abstract: A reaction turbine has channels formed in the top surface of a disc to create nozzles. The channels can be covered by a membrane sealed to the disc or by the housing extended from a combustor. Each channel may have a first section extending radially outwardly from an inlet of the reaction turbine and a second curved section extending from the first section to a periphery of the disc. A reaction turbine may also receive input from an impulse turbine. Fluid flows through the impulse turbine and fluid from the impulse turbine enters an inlet of the reaction turbine. The reaction turbine may have cooling channels and cooling fins to lower the temperature of the disc during operation. In addition, magnets may provide bearing support and electricity generation. In addition, the reaction turbine may have a dual shaft construction, with each shaft connected to a reaction turbine. One reaction turbine powers a compressor, while the second reaction turbine powers a load through the second shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus designed to improve the water supplied to non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a system and method for softening water for use in non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for achieving increased NOx removal efficiency from an emissions control portion of a fossil fuel fired boiler while controlling ammonia slip provides excess levels of ammonia above those levels conventionally employed in SCR and/or SNCR applications. The apparatus and methods comprise, in part, use of a NOx reduction system comprising at least one selective catalytic reduction system which receives ammonia in higher amounts than conventional practice from an upstream ammonia injection point, and an ammonia reduction system positioned downstream of one or more ammonia injection points and the NOx reduction system. The excess ammonia achieves increased NOx removal, while the ammonia reduction system contains at least one ammonia destruction catalyst which permits the NOx reduction system to be operated at an increased NOx removal efficiency without a corresponding increase in ammonia slip.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus designed to improve the water supplied to non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a system and method for softening water for use in non-calcium-based, aqueous wet SOx scrubbers.

Abstract: An apparatus for low-temperature NOx-reduction is disclosed, which is useful in boiler installations used at electric-generating plants. The apparatus employs one or a plurality of moving-bed reactors wherein a moving bed of common base-metal catalyst is used for selective catalytic reduction of NOx present in flue gas. The moving bed permits continuous introduction of fresh or regenerated catalyst, thus obviating the conventional problems of sulfur-poisoning and consequent reduction in catalytic activity with such catalysts. Due to the lower activation energies of such catalysts, an SCR utilizing the moving-bed reactors disclosed herein can be located downstream of the air heater, further improving electric-generating efficiency. Methods for low-temperature NOx reduction are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for achieving increased NOx removal efficiency from an emissions control portion of a fossil fuel fired boiler while controlling ammonia slip provides excess levels of ammonia above those levels conventionally employed in SCR and/or SNCR applications. The apparatus and methods comprise, in part, use of a NOx reduction system comprising at least one selective catalytic reduction system which receives ammonia in higher amounts than conventional practice from an upstream ammonia injection point, and an ammonia reduction system positioned downstream of one or more ammonia injection points and the NOx reduction system. The excess ammonia achieves increased NOx removal, while the ammonia reduction system contains at least one ammonia destruction catalyst which permits the NOx reduction system to be operated at an increased NOx removal efficiency without a corresponding increase in ammonia slip.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a system for removal of moisture and contaminants from recirculated flue gas. The system includes a spray tower for spraying the flue gas with a liquid reagent to remove contaminants from the flue gas. A heat exchanger, integrally connected to the spray tower, cools the liquid reagent before the reagent is sprayed onto the flue gas stream. Cooled liquid reagent improves the condensation of the water vapor in the flue gas during the spraying process and provides a lower moisture content flue gas exiting the system. Combustion process efficiency improves as flue gas redirected to the burner for combustion contains.

Abstract: An apparatus for low-temperature NOx-reduction is disclosed, which is useful in boiler installations used at electric-generating plants. The apparatus employs one or a plurality of moving-bed reactors wherein a moving bed of common base-metal catalyst is used for selective catalytic reduction of NOx present in flue gas. The moving bed permits continuous introduction of fresh or regenerated catalyst, thus obviating the conventional problems of sulfur-poisoning and consequent reduction in catalytic activity with such catalysts. Due to the lower activation energies of such catalysts, an SCR utilizing the moving-bed reactors disclosed herein can be located downstream of the air heater, further improving electric-generating efficiency. Methods for low-temperature NOx reduction are also disclosed.

Abstract: Bromine-containing compounds, added to the coal, or to the boiler combustion furnace, are used to enhance the oxidation of mercury, thereby enhancing the overall removal of mercury in downstream pollution control devices. The method is applicable to utility power plants equipped with wet FGD systems, as well as those plants equipped with spray dryer absorber FGD systems.

Abstract: The invention is related to a system for removal of moisture and contaminants from recirculated flue gas which is used for combustion in fossil fuel power plants. The system includes a spray tower having an inlet at one end of the housing and an outlet at an opposite end of the housing for channeling the flue gas into and out of the housing. Sprayers are located in the housing for spraying the flue gas with a liquid reagent to remove contaminants, including SO2, from the flue gas. A heat exchanger is integrally connected to the housing. The heat exchanger cools the liquid reagent before the reagent is sprayed onto the flue gas stream. The sprayers quench the flue gas stream with the cooled liquid reagent. The cooling of the liquid reagent to a temperature below the flue gas water vapor dew point improves the condensation of the water vapor in the flue gas during the spraying process. The flue gas exits the system with a lower moisture content and is redirected to burner for combustion.

Abstract: A halogen-containing gas is injected into a flowing transport air/sorbent stream at a point close to the point where the sorbent and transport air first mix to maximize the residence time available for the halogen-containing compound to be adsorbed onto the sorbent surface prior to the sorbent being injected into a flue gas containing mercury. This process maximizes the benefit and utilization of the halogen-containing reagent by placing it exactly where it is needed to facilitate elemental mercury removal—on the surface of the sorbent. The sorbent particles with their loading of adsorbed halogen-containing reagent enter the flue gas with a high reactivity for the removal of elemental mercury.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds sulfide ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. Ideally, the source of these sulfide ions may include at least one of: sulfidic waste water, kraft caustic liquor, kraft carbonate liquor, potassium sulfide, sodium sulfide, and thioacetamide. The sulfide ion source is introduced into the scrubbing liquor as an aqueous sulfide species. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.

Abstract: A buckling restrained braced frame for use in light-framed constructions which includes a ductile load bearing core surrounded by a lightweight casing which resists buckling of the core under compressive loads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing mercury in industrial gases such as the flue gas produced by the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal adds hydrogen sulfide to the flue gas in or just before a scrubber of the industrial process which contains the wet scrubber. The method and apparatus of the present invention is applicable to installations employing either wet or dry scrubber flue gas desulfurization systems. The present invention uses kraft green liquor as a source for hydrogen sulfide and/or the injection of mineral acids into the green liquor to release vaporous hydrogen sulfide in order to form mercury sulfide solids.

Abstract: Chlorine and sulfide species are separately introduced to a flue gas passing through a scrubber in order to remove the elemental and oxidized mercury from the gas through the precipitation of mercuric sulfide at near 100% efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds sulfide ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.

Abstract: A CO2 removal and sequestration system uses a limestone bed of coarse crushed limestone covering pipes which carry a flue gas. The pipes have spaced openings which permit flue gas to pass into the limestone bed. Water fills the bed to about {fraction (2/3 )} of the height of the limestone, which is higher than the depth of the pipes. The water flows through the bed at a predetermined rate. The bed is arranged as a series of parallel rows of beds with open channels between each pair of adjacent rows. The open channels are alternating water inlet and outlet channels. A flue gas delivery system includes headers and manifolds for distributing the flue gas at sufficient pressure to overcome existing water pressure at the pipe openings. The process includes the steps of removing CO2 from the flue gas in the bed, dissolving CO2 in the water in the bed, and then returning the water/CO2 to the ocean, river, lake or other area which may be used to store CO2.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing and removing mercury in industrial gases, such as a flue gas, produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, adds sulfide ions to the flue gas as it passes through a scrubber. Ideally, the source of these sulfide ions may include at least one of: sulfidic waste water, kraft caustic liquor, kraft carbonate liquor, potassium sulfide, sodium sulfide, and thioacetamide. The sulfide ion source is introduced into the scrubbing liquor as an aqueous sulfide species. The scrubber may be either a wet or dry scrubber for flue gas desulfurization systems.