Abstract: A process comprising (1) hydroformylation of allyl acetate or 1-propenyl acetate to form isomeric acetoxybutyraldehydes, and (2) recycle of the mixture obtained by dehydroformylation of at least a portion of the acetoxybutyraldehyde isomers as feedstock in (1).

Abstract: The resiliently coated metallic finger seal described herein is formed of two metallic seal members being fixed together at one end with fingers projecting rearwardly therefrom. The fingers on each member are offset so that the slits of each metallic seal member are not aligned. The fingers of the two members are then encapsulated by a resilient coating material, such as a room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber. The seal means is described as annular and can be constructed of one piece or a plurality of sections. In constructing the seal means the metallic seal members are cleaned, primed where it is desired to have the resilient coat permanently affixed, and the resilient coat is then applied. The resilient coat does not cover the entire fingers so that the proper flexibility at the hinge location will remain. After curing of the resilient coating material a heat reflecting and lubricating material is placed thereon.

Abstract: A process for preparing tetrahydrofuran which comprises heating a carboxylic acid monoester of 1,4-butanediol in the presence of a dehydroacyloxylation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing tetrahydrofuran the last step of which comprises heating a carboxylic acid of 1,4-butanediol with water in the presence of a hydrolysis-dehydroacyloxylation catalyst.

Abstract: The temperature requirements for hydrolysis of a non-phenolic haloaromatic compound by a concentrated aqueous hydroxide solution are lowered by the presence of a phenolic compound.

Abstract: A solid source consisting essentially of high purity aluminum metaphosphate, Al(PO.sub.3).sub.3 is used for introducing elemental phosphorus into P-type silicon chips or wafers of semi-conductor grade. The aluminum metaphosphate functions as a source for the controlled release of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 vapors which are directed to the desired face of the silicon wafer. The reverse side of the silicon wafer receives little or no phosphorus and consequently retains its character as P-type silicon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for diffusion doping of silicon and germanium semiconductors by the vapor phase transport of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 from a solid B.sub.2 O.sub.3 source to the silicon semiconductor, wherein the solid B.sub.2 O.sub.3 source comprises a rigid, dimensionally stable, glass-ceramic body containing at least about 10 mole percent of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the glassy phase, the crystalline phase, or both.

Abstract: A purified p-phenylphenol is obtained by reduction of the m-phenylphenol percentage from crude or technical grade p-phenylphenol by contacting the mixture with a molar quantity of caustic less than heretofore employed, whereby the m-phenylphenol preferentially reacts to form sodium m-phenylphenate while the p-phenylphenol ends up as a solid in substantially pure form. The amount of the caustic is from about 0.5 to about 10 moles of caustic per mole of m-phenylphenol present. Resin grade p-phenylphenol, i.e., containing less than 2% m-phenylphenol can be obtained from a starting material containing up to 30% m-phenylphenol.

Abstract: A process for preparing diols which comprises reacting diol esters with a lower alkanol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst comprising magnesia.

Abstract: A system for providing auxiliary power comprises a primary circuit including a primary pump, an output line for providing primary power, and a return line. An auxiliary circuit includes an auxiliary pump, an output line for providing the auxiliary power and a return line. The auxiliary circuit also includes a valve for controlling fluid flow in the output and return line of the auxiliary circuit. A reservoir is connected to the primary return line and to the auxiliary return line. A controlled leakage apparatus for cooling the auxiliary pump is connected to the auxiliary circuit, the reservoir and the primary circuit, and in response to a predetermined output in the primary circuit directs a portion of auxiliary output fluid to the reservoir. Approximately all of the auxiliary output fluid is directed to the auxiliary output line when the primary circuit provides less than the predetermined output.

Abstract: A process for preparing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids which comprises reacting ethylene, a lower alkyl carboxylate ester, water and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an oxidation catalyst and an acidic co-catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing allylic esters of carboxylic acids which comprises reacting a mixture of a lower alkyl carboxylate ester, water, and the corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol with an olefin having an allylic carbon-hydrogen bond and oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing allylic esters of carboxylic acids and allylic alcohols which comprises reacting a mixture of a lower alkyl carboxylate ester, water, and the corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol with an olefin having an allylic carbon-hydrogen bond and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an oxidation catalyst and an acidic co-catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing vinyl esters of carboxylic acids which comprises reacting a mixture of a lower alkyl carboxylate ester, water, and the corresonding carboxylic acid and alcohol with ethylene and oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A system for providing auxiliary power comprises a primary circuit including a primary pump, an output line for providing primary power, and a return line. An auxiliary circuit includes an auxiliary pump, an output line for providing the auxiliary power and a return line. The auxiliary circuit also includes a valve for controlling fluid flow in the output and return line of the auxiliary circuit. A reservoir is connected to the primary return line and to the auxiliary return line. A controlled leakage apparatus for cooling the auxiliary pump is connected to the auxiliary circuit, the reservoir and the primary circuit, and in response to a predetermined pressure in the primary circuit directs a portion of auxiliary output fluid to the reservoir. Approximately all of the auxiliary output fluid is directed to the auxiliary output line when the primary circuit provides less than the predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparing allylic esters of carboxylic acids and allylic alcohols which comprises reacting an olefin having an allylic carbon-hydrogen bond, a lower alkyl carboxylate ester, water and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an oxidation catalyst and an acidic co-catalyst.

Abstract: A vapor phase process for preparing allylic alcohols which comprises reacting an allylic ester of a lower alkyl carboxylic acid with a lower alkanol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst comprising magnesia.

Abstract: Dehydroformylation of isomeric acetoxybutyraldehydes, with minimal dehydroacetoxylation, can be accomplished at a temperature in the range of 120.degree.-250.degree. C. in a nonoxidizing atmosphere in the presence of an essentially neutral noble metal catalyst to produce allyl acetate, 1-propenyl acetate or mixtures thereof. This reaction permits recycle of the undesired isomeric acetoxybutyraldehyde products of the hydroformylation of allyl acetate of 1-propenyl acetate to the desired 4-acetoxybutyraldehyde which is an intermediate in the production of 1,4-butanediol useful in making polyesters.

Abstract: A method for fixing an abradable material of random interlocked metallic fibers sintered and pressed to a specified thickness and density in place on a substrate is set forth where the abradable material bonded to a metal backing plate is placed with the metal backing plate engaging a substrate. The abradable material is compressed without heat to substantially a solid mass at spaced spots; the compressed spots are heated by electrical resistance to a sintering temperature and pressed to form a solid mass. The solid mass of each spot of abradable material is heated to an increased temperature by electrical resistance, welding the solid mass of abradable material to the substrate by completely penetrating the backing plate and forming a weld nugget.