Abstract: A composition and apparatus and method for aqueous spray conditioning of scale on metal surfaces. An aqueous solution having a base composition of an alkali metal hydroxide is used. The aqueous solution may contain additives to improve the performance of the salt. In one embodiment, the solution is used to condition the scale on a strip of stainless steel. The strip of steel is at a temperature between the melting point of the alkali metal hydroxide in anhydrous form and a temperature at which the Leidenfrost effect appears. One or more nozzles is provided to spray the solution, and the heated strip is passed by the nozzle or nozzles where the solution is sprayed on the surface or surfaces of the strip that have the scale or oxide. The invention also includes the apparatus and control thereof for the spraying of the solution.

Abstract: A composition and apparatus and method of using the composition for aqueous spray descaling or conditioning of scale or oxide on metal surfaces, especially stainless steel strip or the like, in one embodiment, although it can be used to descale or condition oxide or scale on other work pieces such as metal bar, or even discrete objects. An aqueous solution having a base composition of an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used. The aqueous solution may contain certain additives to improve the descaling performance of the salt. In one embodiment, the solution is used to condition the scale or surface oxide on a strip of stainless steel. The strip of steel is at a temperature between the melting point of the alkali metal hydroxide in anhydrous form and a temperature at which the Leidenfrost effect appears.

Abstract: A composition and apparatus and method of using the composition for aqueous spray descaling or conditioning of scale or oxide on metal surfaces, especially stainless steel strip or the like, in one embodiment, although it can be used to descale or condition oxide or scale on other work pieces such as metal bar, or even discrete objects. An aqueous solution having a base composition of an alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used. The aqueous solution may contain certain additives to improve the descaling performance of the salt. In one embodiment, the solution is used to condition the scale or surface oxide on a strip of stainless steel. The strip of steel is at a temperature between the melting point of the alkali metal hydroxide in anhydrous form and a temperature at which the Leidenfrost effect appears.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated aqueous persalt solutions are provided in which the stabilizing agent is a water-soluble carbazolesulfonate, diphenylamine sulfonate or N-phenylaminonaphthalene sulfonate. Preferred compositions contain sodium perborate, chelating agent, a solubilizing agent and an acid phosphate ester surfactant.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated aqueous persalt solutions are provided in which the stabilizing agent is an arylazo compound, such as tartrazine, having an ortho-hydroxy substituent on the aryl group. Preferred compositions contain sodium perborate and a solubilizing agent as well as the azo stabilizer.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated aqueous persalt solutions are provided in which the stabilizing agent is an arylazo compound having an ortho-hydroxy substituent on the aryl group. Preferred compositions contain sodium perborate and a solubilizing agent as well as the azo stabilizer.

Abstract: According to the present invention a saturated aqueous solution comprising at least one alkali metal hydroxide and at least one alkali metal nitrate is provided which can be spray added to a fused anhydrous bath which contains alkali metal materials.

Abstract: An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operation to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.

Abstract: N-Amino substituted aniline and 1,3-phenylenediamine compounds having 1 or 2 nitro groups on the aromatic ring. The compounds are useful as herbicides and as intermediates for preparing herbicides.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for prevention of clogging of exhaust systems, especially the exhaust hoods and ducts above fused salt baths onto which salts splatter as they are being added by spraying from aqueous solutions. A fluid tight jacket surrounds a portion of the exhaust pipe and hood and a cooling fluid, preferably the aqueous solution of the salt being added is flowed through the jacket. This will condense the water of the solvent onto the inside of the hood and duct dissolving and washing away any splattered salt.

Abstract: A process for case hardening steel is described. A fused bath of inert salt is maintained which bath is comprised of alkali or alkali earth halides, and alkali, or alkaline earth oxides or carbonates. To this fused bath is added urea, dicyanodiamide or pyrolysis/condensation products of urea or dicyanodiamide. This will form active ions containing carbon and/or nitrogen, and either the nitrogen and/or carbon will diffuse into the surface of a steel piece suspended in the bath to form either a nitride, carbonitride or carburized case depending upon the temperature of the bath, which is maintained between above 540.degree. C. and about 950.degree. C.

Abstract: A method and composition is disclosed for removing oxide film from metals and alloys and for detersification of objects. The composition is at least a 1% aqueous solution of gluconic acid or its alkali metal including ammonium salts, citric acid or its alkali metal including ammonium salts, and tartaric acid or its alkali metal including ammonium salts, at least one of these materials being acid in sufficient strength to provide a pH of 4 or less. Also, preferably a non-ionic surfactant is included.

Abstract: An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operations to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.

Abstract: An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operations to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.

Abstract: An industrial production or other operational system is established by connecting apparatus which implements system operations to a digital computer system using an interface system. Machine readable definitions of events, of executable jobs, and of system variables are prepared for computer entry and ultimately for configuration of the system apparatus into an entity having operational characteristics corresponding to the entered definitions.The definitions of system variables may include definitions of signals which are coupled between the system apparatus and the computer through the interface system, and such signals may be put to system monitoring or control uses or both of these uses in the structured system. Some of the definitions may be computer programs, but most are preferably definitions of the system configuration written out in a language which a systems engineer can understand and use. Generally, definitions may include designators which are names or numbers.

Abstract: N-Amino substituted aniline and 1,3-phenylenediamine compounds having 1 or 2 nitro groups on the aromatic ring. The compounds are useful as herbicides and as intermediates for preparing herbicides.

Abstract: N.sup.3 -(Cycloalkyl)alkyl-2,4-dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H--, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 straight and branched chain alkyl, haloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 straight and branched chain alkenyl, alkynyl and alkoxyalkyl and C.sub. 3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 cycloalkyl groups and C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 cycloalkyl groups substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 straight and branched chain alkyl; and n is 1, 2 or 3. The compounds are useful in herbicidal compositions.

Abstract: N-Amino substituted aniline and 1,3-phenylenediamine compounds having 1 or 2 nitro groups on the aromatic ring. The compounds are useful as herbicides and as intermediates for preparing herbicides.

Abstract: N-Amino substituted aniline and 1,3-phenylenediamine compounds having 1 or 2 nitro groups on the aromatic ring. The compounds are useful as herbicides and as intermediates for preparing herbicides.

Abstract: N-Amino substituted aniline and 1,3-phenylenediamine compounds having 1 or 2 nitro groups on the aromatic ring. The compounds are useful as herbicides and as intermediates for peparing herbicides.