Abstract: The present invention provides method and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.

Abstract: A general stochastic method for synthesizing random oligomers on particles is disclosed. A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of identification tags on the particles to facilitate identification of the sequence of the monomers in the oligomer.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides and peptide mimetics that bind selectins, including endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1). Such peptides and peptide mimetics are useful in methods for blocking adhesion of leukocytes to the selectins for the purpose of inhibiting inflammation as well as in diagnostic methods employing labeled peptides and peptide mimetics that bind selectins for the purpose of determining the site of inflammation in mammals which inflammation is mediated by the presence of one or more selectins.

Abstract: Peptides of 10 to 40 or more amino acid residues in length and having the sequence X.sub.3 X.sub.4 X.sub.5 GPX.sub.6 TWX.sub.7 X.sub.8 (SEQ ID NO:252) where each amino acid is indicated by standard one letter abbreviation; X.sub.3 is C; X.sub.4 is R, H, L, or W; X.sub.5 is M, F, or I; X.sub.6 is independently selected from any one of the 20 genetically coded L-amino acids; X.sub.7 is D, E, I, L, or V; and X.sub.8 is C, which bind and activate the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) or otherwise act as an EPO agonist, and methods for their use.

Abstract: A general stochastic method for synthesizing random oligomers can be used to synthesize compounds to screen for desired properties. The use of identification tags on the oligomers facilitates identification of oligomers with desired properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides and peptide mimetics that bind selectins, including endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1). Such peptides and peptide mimetics are useful in methods for blocking adhesion of leukocytes to the selectins for the purpose of inhibiting inflammation as well as in diagnostic methods employing labeled peptides and peptide mimetics that bind selectins for the purpose of determining the site of inflammation in mammals which inflammation is mediated by the presence of one or more selectins.

Abstract: Peptides which bind to selected receptor molecules are identified by screening libraries which encode a random or controlled collection of amino acids. Peptides encoded by the libraries are expressed as fusion proteins of bacteriophage coat proteins, and bacteriophage particles are then screened against the receptors of interest. Peptides having a wide variety of uses, such as therapeutic or diagnostic reagents, may thus be identified without any prior information on the structure of the expected ligand or receptor molecule.

Abstract: A general stochastic method for synthesizing random oligomers on particles is disclosed. A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of identification tags on the particles to facilitate identification of the sequence of the monomers in the oligomer.

Abstract: The peptide HITWDQLWNVMN (SEQ ID NO: 4) and related peptides and peptidomimetics bind to endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and block the binding of leukocytes to this important receptor and so can be used to ameliorate the detrimental effects of certain disease conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides and peptide mimetics that bind selectins, including endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1). Such peptides and peptide mimetics are useful in methods for blocking adhesion of leukocytes to the selectins for the purpose of inhibiting inflammation as well as in diagnostic methods employing labeled peptides and peptide mimetics that bind selectins for the purpose of determining the site of inflammation in mammals which inflammation is mediated by the presence of one or more selectins.

Abstract: A general stochastic method for synthesizing compounds can be used to generate large collections of tagged compounds that can be screened to identify and isolate compounds with useful properties.

Abstract: Nucleotide sequences encoding proteins of interest are isolated from DNA libraries using bacteriophage to link the protein to the sequence which encodes it. DNA libraries are prepared from cells encoding the protein of interest and inserted into or adjacent to a coat protein of a bacteriophage vector, or into a sequence encoding a protein which may be linked by means of a ligand to a phage coat protein. By employing affinity purification techniques the phage particles containing sequences encoding the desired protein may be selected and the desired nucleotide sequences obtained therefrom. Thus, for example, novel proteins such as monoclonal antibodies may be produced and conventional hybridoma technology avoided.

Abstract: Means for simultaneous parallel sequence analysis of a large number of biological polymer macromolecules. Apparatus and methods may use fluorescent labels in repetitive chemistry to determine terminal monomers on solid phase immobilized polymers. Reagents which specifically recognize terminal monomers are used to label polymers at defined positions on a solid substrate.

Abstract: Methods and composition are provided for identifying antiproliferative polypeptides which inhibit clonal expansion and/or induce apoptosis in cells of a predetermined cell population (e.g., a neoplastic cell sample) expressing a cell surface receptor which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. A predetermined cell population expressing surface immunoglobulin superfamily molecules is isolated from a patient as a cellular sample, such as a lymph node biospy or blood sample containing neoplastic lymphocytic cells. Antiproliferative peptides which are identified by the methods of the invention can be used as therapeutic agents for treating lymphoproliferative disorders by anti-idiotype therapy.

Abstract: Peptides which bind to selected receptors are identified by screening libraries which encode a random or controlled collection of amino acids. Peptides encoded by the libraries are expressed as fusion proteins of bacteriophage coat proteins, and bacteriophage are then screened against the receptors of interest. Peptides having a wide variety of uses, such as therapeutic or diagnostic reagents, may thus be identified without any prior information on the structure of the expected ligand or receptor.

Abstract: Nucleotide sequences encoding proteins of interest are isolated from DNA libraries using bacteriophage to link the protein to the sequence which encodes it. DNA libraries are prepared from cells encoding the protein of interest and inserted into or adjacent to a coat protein of a bacteriophage vector, or into a sequence encoding a protein which may be linked by means of a ligand to a phage coat protein. By employing affinity purification techniques the phage particles containing sequences encoding the desired protein may be selected and the desired nucleotide sequences obtained therefrom. Thus, for example, novel proteins such as monoclonal antibodies may be produced and conventional hybridoma technology avoided.

Abstract: Electroporation of prokaryotic cells is achieved by the application of high-intensity electric fields of short duration to reversibly permeabilize the cell walls. Preferably, the field strength of the applied will be at least about 5 kV/cm and the duration of the exposure will be in the range from 2 to 20 msec. Macromolecules may be introduced to the cells or obtained from the cells during this period of cell wall permeability. Most commonly, the method will be utilized for transformation of the cells with nucleic acids. Very high transformation efficiencies in the range from 10.sup.9 to 10.sup.10 cells/.mu.g and transformation frequencies approaching 80% and above have been achieved.

Abstract: Electroporation of prokaryotic cells is achieved by the application of high-intensity electric fields of short duration to reversibly permeabilize the cell walls. Preferably, the field strength of the applied will be at least about 5 kV/cm and the duration of the exposure will be in the range from 2 to 20 msec. Macromolecules may be introduced to the cells or obtained from the cells during this period of cell wall permeability. Most commonly, the method will be utilized for transformation of the cells with nucleic acids. Very high transformation efficiencies in the range from 10.sup.9 to 10.sup.10 cells/.mu.g and transformation frequencies approaching 80% and above have been achieved.