Patents by Inventor William L. Warren
William L. Warren has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 8030070Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the normal tissues that interact with vaccines in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interactions with the immune system.Type: GrantFiled: June 21, 2006Date of Patent: October 4, 2011Assignee: Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp.Inventors: Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Russell Higbee, Heather Fahlenkamp, Darrell J. Irvine, William L. Warren, Donald Drake, III
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Patent number: 8003387Abstract: The present invention incorporates germinal centers (GCs) into three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue constructs (ETCs). In an embodiment, we have incorporated the GC in the design of an artificial immune system (AIS) to examine immune responses to vaccines and other compounds. Development of an in vitro GC adds functionality to an AIS, in that it enables generation of an in vitro human humoral response by human B lymphocytes that is accurate and reproducible, without using human subjects. The invention also permits evaluation of, for example, vaccines, allergens, and immunogens, and activation of human B cells specific for a given antigen, which can then be used to generate human antibodies. In an embodiment of the present invention the function of the in vitro GC is enhanced by placing FDCs and other immune cells in a 3D ETC; FDCs appear more effective over a longer time (antibody production is sustained for up to about 14 days.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 2006Date of Patent: August 23, 2011Assignee: Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp.Inventors: Selva Sukumar, Mohey Eldin M. El Shikh, John G. Tew, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Donald Drake, III, Luis Mosquera, Eric Mishkin, Anatoly M. Kachurin, Russell Higbee, Conan Li, William L. Warren, Heather Fahlenkamp
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Patent number: 8003385Abstract: The present invention incorporates germinal centers (GCs) into three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue constructs (ETCs). In an embodiment, we have incorporated the GC in the design of an artificial immune system (AIS) to examine immune responses to vaccines and other compounds. Development of an in vitro GC adds functionality to an AIS, in that it enables generation of an in vitro human humoral response by human B lymphocytes that is accurate and reproducible, without using human subjects. The invention also permits evaluation of, for example, vaccines, allergens, and immunogens, and activation of human B cells specific for a given antigen, which can then be used to generate human antibodies. In an embodiment of the present invention the function of the in vitro GC is enhanced by placing FDCs and other immune cells in a 3D ETC; FDCs appear more effective over a longer time (antibody production is sustained for up to about 14 days.Type: GrantFiled: February 17, 2010Date of Patent: August 23, 2011Assignee: Sanofi Pasteur Vax Design Corp.Inventors: Selva Sukumar, Mohey Eldin M. El Shikh, John G. Tew, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Donald Drake, III, Luis Mosquera, Conan Li, Anatoly M. Kachurin, Russell Higbee, Heather Fahlenkamp, Eric Mishkin, William L. Warren
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Publication number: 20110171689Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the normal tissues that interact with vaccines in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interaction with the immune system.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 17, 2010Publication date: July 14, 2011Applicant: VAXDESIGN CORPORATIONInventors: William L. Warren, Heather Fahlenkamp, Russell Higbee, Anatoly Kachurin, Conan Li, Mike Nguyen, Robert Parkhill, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Darrell J. Irvine, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Nir Hacohen, Bruce Torbett
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Patent number: 7857756Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and methods for depositing materials on a substrate, and for performing other selected functions, such as material destruction and removal, temperature control, imaging, detection, therapy and positional and locational control. In various embodiments, the apparatus and methods are suitable for use in a tabletop setting, in vitro or in vivo.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 2004Date of Patent: December 28, 2010Assignee: Sciperio, Inc.Inventors: William L. Warren, Robert L. Parkhill, Robert L. Stewart, Anatoly M. Kachurin, Robert M. Taylor, Kenneth H. Church
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Patent number: 7855074Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the normal tissues that interact with vaccines in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interaction with the immune system.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2005Date of Patent: December 21, 2010Assignee: VaxDesign Corp.Inventors: William L. Warren, Heather Fahlenkamp, Russell Higbee, Anatoly Kachurin, Conan Li, Mike Nguyen, Robert Parkhill, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Darrell J. Irvine, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Nir Hacohen, Bruce Torbett
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Publication number: 20100287630Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for constructing and using in vivo and in vitro models of aspects of human immunity and, in particular, construction of a human immune system model for the testing of, for example, vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals. The present invention comprises both in vivo and in vitro models of aspects of human immunity that are useful for assessing the interaction of substances with the immune system, and thus can be used to accelerate and improve the accuracy and predictability of, for example, vaccine, drug, biologic, immunotherapy, cosmetic and chemical development. The invention is also useful for the generation of human monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 17, 2010Publication date: November 11, 2010Applicant: VAXDESIGN CORP.Inventors: John G. TEW, Mohey Eldin M. EL SHIKH, Inderpal SINGH, Eric MISHKIN, Donald DRAKE, III, Haifeng SONG, William L. WARREN
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Publication number: 20100279277Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the tissues of the immune system in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates and other materials in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interactions with the immune system, coupled with disease models to provide a more complete representation of an immune response.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 9, 2010Publication date: November 4, 2010Applicant: VAXDESIGN INC.Inventors: William L. WARREN, Heather FAHLENKAMP, Russell G. HIGBEE, Eric M. MISHKIN, Guzman SANCHEZ-SCHMITZ, Michael D. RIVARD, Santosh PAWAR
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Patent number: 7785806Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing an artificial immune system. The artificial immune system comprises a cell culture comprising T cells, B cells and antigen-primed dendritic cells. The artificial immune system of the present invention can be used for in vitro testing of vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals.Type: GrantFiled: November 8, 2006Date of Patent: August 31, 2010Assignee: Vaxdesign CorporationInventors: William L. Warren, Donald Drake, III, Janice Moser, Inderpal Singh, Haifeng Song, Eric Mishkin
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Patent number: 7785883Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the normal tissues that interact with vaccines in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interactions with the immune system.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 2006Date of Patent: August 31, 2010Assignee: Vax Design Corp.Inventors: William L. Warren, Robert Parkhill, Michael N. Nguyen, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Heather Fahlenkamp, Russell Higbee, Donald Drake, III, Anatoly Kachurin, David Moe
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Patent number: 7771999Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the tissues of the immune system in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates and other materials in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interactions with the immune system, coupled with disease models to provide a more complete representation of an immune response.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 2008Date of Patent: August 10, 2010Assignee: VaxDesign Corp.Inventors: William L. Warren, Heather Fahlenkamp, Russell G. Higbee, Eric M. Mishkin, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Michael D. Rivard, Santosh Pawar
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Publication number: 20100184148Abstract: The present invention incorporates germinal centers (GCs) into three-dimensional (3D) engineered tissue constructs (ETCs). In an embodiment, we have incorporated the GC in the design of an artificial immune system (AIS) to examine immune responses to vaccines and other compounds. Development of an in vitro GC adds functionality to an AIS, in that it enables generation of an in vitro human humoral response by human B lymphocytes that is accurate and reproducible, without using human subjects. The invention also permits evaluation of, for example, vaccines, allergens, and immunogens, and activation of human B cells specific for a given antigen, which can then be used to generate human antibodies. In an embodiment of the present invention the function of the in vitro GC is enhanced by placing FDCs and other immune cells in a 3D ETC; FDCs appear more effective over a longer time (antibody production is sustained for up to about 14 days.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 17, 2010Publication date: July 22, 2010Applicant: VAXDESIGN CORPORATIONInventors: Selva SUKUMAR, Mohey Eldin M. EL SHIKH, John G. TEW, Guzman SANCHEZ-SCHMITZ, Donald DRAKE, III, Luis MOSQUERA, Eric MISHKIN, Anatoly M. KACHURIN, Russell HIGBEE, Conan LI, William L. WARREN, Heather FAHLENKAMP
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Publication number: 20100178676Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the normal tissues that interact with vaccines in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interactions with the immune system.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 24, 2010Publication date: July 15, 2010Applicant: VAXDESIGN CORP.Inventors: William L. WARREN, Robert PARKHILL, Michael N. NGUYEN, Guzman SANCHEZ-SCHMITZ, Heather FAHLENKAMP, Russell HIGBEE, Donald DRAKE, III, Anatoly KACHURIN, David MOE
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Publication number: 20100166763Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing an artificial immune system. The artificial immune system comprises a cell culture comprising T cells, B cells and antigen-primed dendritic cells. The artificial immune system of the present invention can be used for in vitro testing of vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 17, 2010Publication date: July 1, 2010Applicant: VAXDESIGN CORPORATIONInventors: William L. WARREN, Donald DRAKE, III, Janice MOSER, Inderpal SINGH, Haifeng SONG, Eric MISHKIN
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Publication number: 20100159443Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing an artificial immune system. The artificial immune system comprises a cell culture comprising a three-dimensional matrix comprising lymphoid tissue, a three-dimensional matrix comprising epithelial and/or endothelial cells, and diseased cells. The artificial immune system of the present invention can be used for in vitro testing of vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 5, 2010Publication date: June 24, 2010Applicant: VAXDESIGN CORP.Inventors: William L. WARREN, Russell HIGBEE, Eric MISHKIN, Guzman SANCHEZ-SCHMITZ, Heather FAHLENKAMP, Michael RIVARD
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Patent number: 7709257Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for constructing and using in vivo and in vitro models of aspects of human immunity and, in particular, construction of a human immune system model for the testing of, for example, vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals. The present invention comprises both in vivo and in vitro models of aspects of human immunity that are useful for assessing the interaction of substances with the immune system, and thus can be used to accelerate and improve the accuracy and predictability of, for example, vaccine, drug, biologic, immunotherapy, cosmetic and chemical development. The invention is also useful for the generation of human monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 2007Date of Patent: May 4, 2010Assignees: Vax Design Corp., Virginia Commonwealth UniversityInventors: John G. Tew, Mohey Eldin M. El Shikh, Inderpal Singh, Eric Mishkin, Donald Drake, III, Haifeng Song, William L Warren
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Patent number: 7709256Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing an artificial immune system. The artificial immune system comprises a cell culture comprising a three-dimensional matrix comprising lymphoid tissue, a three-dimensional matrix comprising epithelial and/or endothelial cells, and diseased cells. The artificial immune system of the present invention can be used for in vitro testing of vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 2006Date of Patent: May 4, 2010Assignee: Vaxdesign Corp.Inventors: William L. Warren, Russell Higbee, Eric Mishkin, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Heather Fahlenkamp, Michael Rivard
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Publication number: 20100105135Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) for research and clinical applications are typically derived from purified blood monocytes that are cultured in a cocktail of cytokines for a week or more. Because it has been suggested that these cytokine-derived DCs may be deficient in some important immunological functions and might not accurately represent antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations found under physiologic conditions, there is a need for methods that allow the generation of DCs in a more physiologically relevant manner. The present invention comprises a simple and reliable technique for generating large numbers of highly purified DCs, based on a single migration of blood monocytes through endothelial cells that are cultured in, for example, a Transwell® device.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 30, 2009Publication date: April 29, 2010Applicant: VaxDesign Corp.Inventors: Donald DRAKE, III, David MOE, Conan LI, Heather FAHLENKAMP, Guzman SANCHEZ-SCHMITZ, Russell HIGBEE, Robert PARKHILL, William L. WARREN
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Publication number: 20090117581Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing an artificial immune system. The artificial immune system comprises a cell culture comprising T cells, B cells and antigen-primed dendritic cells. The artificial immune system of the present invention can be used for in vitro testing of vaccines, adjuvants, immunotherapy candidates, cosmetics, drugs, biologics and other chemicals.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 8, 2006Publication date: May 7, 2009Inventors: William L. Warren, Donald Drake, III, Janice Moser, Inderpal Singh, Haifeng Song, Eric Mishkin
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Publication number: 20090104221Abstract: The present invention comprises the use of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) or FDC-like cells to generate FDC-dependent, but T cell-independent, B cell responses to T cell-dependent antigens, with antigen-specific and polyclonal antibody production in ˜48 h. In another embodiment, a germinal center (GC) lymphoid tissue equivalent (LTE) was used to generate antigen-specific IgM, followed by switching to IgG. The GC LTE model can be used in vaccine assessment. Dual forms of immunogen were used in the GC LTE and in vivo. Dual immunogens resulted in rapid, specific IgM responses and enhanced IgG responses. This vaccine design approach can be used, for example, to provide rapid IgM protection (˜24-48 h) and high-affinity IgG more quickly in people moving to areas with endemic disease, or in people with T cell insufficiencies, who can be immunized to rapidly generate protective IgM.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 3, 2008Publication date: April 23, 2009Inventors: Mohey Eldin Moustafa El Shikh, Rania El Sayed, Andras K. Szakal, John G. Tew, Donald R. Drake, III, Vaughan Wittman, Jennifer Eatrides, William L. Warren