Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure help to increase the reliability of differential static pressure sensor readings used to remotely monitor the performance of an HVAC air filter. Embodiments of the present disclosure solve two problems, one related to degraded reliability of a differential pressure sensor and the second due to airflow properties such as turbulence impacting the accuracy and repeatability of differential pressure readings. Sensor reliability and lifetime are improved by reducing the access to and accumulation of dust at the sensor element by design of the air column to the sensor. The loss of accuracy and repeatability of sensor readings produced by properties of the airflow such as turbulence, among others, is reduced by a design and placement of a manifold that extends into the incoming air flow from the filter frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a data stream is received that includes constant bit rate (CBR) carrier streams, at least one of which comprises frames, a cumulative phase offset report (CPOR) and a client rate report (CRR). A counter accumulating a PHY-scaled stream clock (IPSCk) is sampled at a nominal sampling period (Tps) to obtain a cumulative PHY-scaled count (CPSC). A PHY-scaled stream phase offset (PSPO) is calculated that indicates phase difference between PHY-scaled stream nominal bit count (LPSD) and an incoming PHY-scaled count delta (IPSD). The data stream is demultiplexed to obtain CBR carrier streams. Respective CBR carrier streams include a previous network node CPOR (CPOR-P) and a previous network node CPO (CPO-P). A CPO is calculated that is a function of CPO-P and PSPO. CPO-P is replaced with the calculated CPO. The CBR carrier streams are multiplexed into intermediate-network-node data streams that are transmitted from the intermediate-network-node.

Abstract: The current application relates to an air filter that reduces the cost of air-filters by separating the filter element into multiple stackable and disposable sections of a same standardized shape and size. The filter elements may be inserted into a unique, reusable filter frame that includes sensors and communication capability. The filter sections and the frame are made such that the filter sections inserted into the frame to align to and fit into each of the uniform frame sections securely and without air leakage. Shipping and storing the filter sections are made easy by size and shape standardization, enabling them to be stacked one on top of the other so that the filter folds fit into each other as they are stacked, making shipping and storing economical. The frame itself is made from hard plastic and the sensors and communication module are attached to the frame.

Abstract: A foldable and disposable air filter media for insertion into an air filter frame is disclosed. The air filter media includes two or more filter pleated strips that are joined together. The outer edges of the air filter media are fixed to the frame to form the air filter. Each of the filter pleated strips have a number of pleats that increase the area to reduce pressure drop across the filter media while allowing air flow through to remove unwanted particles from the filtered air. A folding crease is formed between the opposite border edges of the air filter media allowing the air filter media to be folded for shipping or disposal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus includes receiving at a sink node a path signal frame and a modified set of idle character 64B/66B blocks. The path signal frame includes encoded client data signal 64B/66B blocks, path overhead 64B/66B data blocks and a control 64B/66B block. The link bit rate is measured. The number of idle character 64B/66B blocks is determined. The data blocks of the CBR client signal are extracted from the encoded client data signal 64B/66B blocks and the CBR client signal is regenerated from the extracted data blocks. A bit rate of the CBR client signal is determined using the measured link bit rate and the number of idle character 64B/66B blocks. The rate of a CBR signal clock is adjusted for transmitting the CBR client signal at the determined bit rate.

Abstract: A system and method for performing rate adaptation of constant bit rate (CBR) client data for transmission over a Metro Transport Network (MTN) by defining a plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets at a source node, assembling a plurality of Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) frames by mapping a plurality of blocks from a stream of encoded blocks of CBR client data, a plurality of pad blocks, and GMP overhead into consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets of the plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets, inserting a fixed number of idle blocks between one or more of the consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets and inserting an MTN path overhead (POH) frame that is aligned to the plurality of GMP frames to generate a plurality of rate adapted GMP frames for transmission over the MTN to an intermediate node or a sink node.

Abstract: A system and method for performing rate adaptation of constant bit rate (CBR) client data for transmission over a Metro Transport Network (MTN) by defining a plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets at a source node, assembling a plurality of Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) frames by mapping a plurality of blocks from a stream of encoded blocks of CBR client data, a plurality of pad blocks, and GMP overhead into consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets of the plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets, inserting a variable number of idle blocks between one or more of the consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets and inserting an MTN path overhead (POH) frame that is aligned to the plurality of GMP frames to generate a plurality of rate adapted GMP frames for transmission over the MTN to an intermediate node or a sink node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a data stream generated by a previous network node, a cumulative phase offset report (CPOR) and a client rate report (CRR) are received. A counter accumulating a PHY-scaled stream clock (IPSCk) is sampled at a nominal sampling period (Tps) to obtain a cumulative PHY-scaled count (CPSC). A PHY-scaled stream phase offset (PSPO) is calculated that indicates phase difference between a PHY-scaled stream nominal bit count (LPSD) and an incoming PHY-scaled count delta (IPSD), where IPSD indicates CPSC increment between successive CPSC samples. The data stream is demultiplexed to obtain CBR carrier streams that include a previous network node CPOR (CPOR-P) and a previous network node CPO (CPO-P). A CPO is calculated that is a function of CPO-P and the PSPO. CPO-P is replaced with the calculated CPO. The CBR carrier streams are multiplexed into intermediate-network-node data streams that are transmitted from the intermediate-network-node.

Abstract: A system and method for performing rate adaptation of sub1G packet-oriented client signals for transmission over a Metro Transport Network (MTN) by forming a 64B/66B-encoded client signal from individual client packets of the sub1G packet-oriented client signal and the idle blocks within an inter-packet gap (IPG), inserting thread operations, administration and maintenance (ThOAM) overhead to generate a 64B/66B-encoded client thread signal, performing an idle mapping procedure (IMP) to generate a rate adapted 64B/66B-encoded client thread signal, defining a plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets in an MTN path, defining a thread channel within the plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets and mapping the rate adapted 64B/66B-encoded client thread signal into the defined thread channel within the plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets to generate an MTN path signal for transmission to an intermediate node or a sink mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a data stream is received that includes constant bit rate (CBR) carrier streams, at least one of which comprises frames, a cumulative phase offset report (CPOR) and a client rate report (CRR). A counter accumulating a PHY-scaled stream clock (IPSCk) is sampled at a nominal sampling period (Tps) to obtain a cumulative PHY-scaled count (CPSC). A PHY-scaled stream phase offset (PSPO) is calculated that indicates phase difference between PHY-scaled stream nominal bit count (LPSD) and an incoming PHY-scaled count delta (IPSD). The data stream is demultiplexed to obtain CBR carrier streams. Respective CBR carrier streams include a previous network node CPOR (CPOR-P) and a previous network node CPO (CPO-P). A CPO is calculated that is a function of CPO-P and PSPO. CPO-P is replaced with the calculated CPO. The CBR carrier streams are multiplexed into intermediate-network-node data streams that are transmitted from the intermediate-network-node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus includes receiving at a sink node a path signal frame and a modified set of idle character 64B/66B blocks. The path signal frame includes encoded client data signal 64B/66B blocks, path overhead 64B/66B data blocks and a control 64B/66B block. The link bit rate is measured. The number of idle character 64B/66B blocks is determined. The data blocks of the CBR client signal are extracted from the encoded client data signal 64B/66B blocks and the CBR client signal is regenerated from the extracted data blocks. A bit rate of the CBR client signal is determined using the measured link bit rate and the number of idle character 64B/66B blocks. The rate of a CBR signal clock is adjusted for transmitting the CBR client signal at the determined bit rate.

Abstract: A frame for a foldable and disposable air filter media is disclosed. The frame has a frame base and a frame cover having a size to overlap the air filter media. The frame cover is attached to the frame base by hinges allowing movement of the frame cover between an open position and a closed latched position. The closed frame holds the air filter media between the frame base and frame cover when in the closed position. The frame base includes an air flow monitoring system with an air pressure differential sensor to determine when the filter needs to be replaced. The frame also has capability to hold additional sensors for monitoring environmental conditions. A processor and memory enable collection and storage of sensed data. A communication module on the frame communicates air filter media change requirement to external devices including hand-held devices or a cloud server.

Abstract: A source node for rate adapting a constant bit rate client signal into a signal stream in a 64B/66B-block telecom signal communication link includes a GMP engine; a FIFO buffer coupled to receive a 64B/66B encoded client data stream; a clock rate measuring circuit; a source of 64B/66B path overhead blocks; a source of 64B/66B pad blocks; a source of 64B/66B idle blocks; a multiplexer; and a multiplexer controller. A control 64B/66B block is encoded into an ordered set block-designator and a count of data blocks to be sent in a next path signal frame is encoded into a plurality of path overhead 64B/66B data blocks. The multiplexer controller is responsive to a count of data blocks to be sent in a next path signal frame from a previous GMP window frame to selectively pass data to a data output so as to fill a GMP window frame.

Abstract: A foldable and disposable air filter media for insertion into an air filter frame is disclosed. The air filter media includes two or more filter pleated strips that are joined together. The outer edges of the air filter media are fixed to the frame to form the air filter. Each of the filter pleated strips have a number of pleats that increase the area to reduce pressure drop across the filter media while allowing air flow through to remove unwanted particles from the filtered air. A folding crease is formed between the opposite border edges of the air filter media allowing the air filter media to be folded for shipping or disposal.

Abstract: A system and method for performing rate adaptation of constant bit rate (CBR) client data for transmission over a Metro Transport Network (MTN) by defining a plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets at a source node, assembling a plurality of Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) frames by mapping a plurality of blocks from a stream of encoded blocks of CBR client data, a plurality of pad blocks, and GMP overhead into consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets of the plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets, inserting a variable number of idle blocks between one or more of the consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets and inserting an MTN path overhead (POH) frame that is aligned to the plurality of GMP frames to generate a plurality of rate adapted GMP frames for transmission over the MTN to an intermediate node or a sink node.

Abstract: A system and method for performing rate adaptation and multiplexing of constant bit rate (CBR) client data for transmission over a Metro Transport Network (MTN) by defining a plurality of plurality of generic mapping procedure (GMP) thread frames for a respective stream of two or more streams of 64B/66B-encoded blocks of CR client data, defining a plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets, mapping the plurality of GMP thread frames into consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets, assembling a stream of GMP multiplexing frames comprising the consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets, inserting a fixed number of idle blocks between the consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets of the stream of GMP multiplexing frames and inserting an MTN path overhead (POH) frame into the stream of GMP multiplexing frames to generate a stream of GMP multiplexing rate adapted frames.

Abstract: A system and method for performing rate adaptation of constant bit rate (CBR) client data for transmission over a Metro Transport Network (MTN) by defining a plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets at a source node, assembling a plurality of Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) frames by mapping a plurality of blocks from a stream of encoded blocks of CBR client data, a plurality of pad blocks, and GMP overhead into consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets of the plurality of pseudo-Ethernet packets, inserting a fixed number of idle blocks between one or more of the consecutive pseudo-Ethernet packets and inserting an MTN path overhead (POH) frame that is aligned to the plurality of GMP frames to generate a plurality of rate adapted GMP frames for transmission over the MTN to an intermediate node or a sink node.

Abstract: A method for transporting Ethernet frame packets assembled from a constant bit rate (CBR) client stream from an ingress network node to an egress network node, each Ethernet frame packet including a payload region having a number of bytes of CBR client data from the CBR client stream determined by a client rate value of the CBR client stream. The method including synchronizing a reference clock signal and a ToD in the ingress network node to a packet-based time distribution mechanism, independently synchronizing a reference clock signal and a ToD in the egress network node to the packet-based time distribution mechanism, for an Ethernet frame packet assembling a presentation time packet including a sequence number and a presentation ToD for the Ethernet frame packet, and transmitting the Ethernet frame packets and the presentation time packet to the egress network node over the packet transport network.

Abstract: A source node for rate adapting a constant bit rate client signal into a signal stream in a 64B/66B-block telecom signal communication link includes a GMP engine; a FIFO buffer coupled to receive a 64B/66B encoded client data stream; a clock rate measuring circuit; a source of 64B/66B path overhead blocks; a source of 64B/66B pad blocks; a source of 64B/66B idle blocks; a multiplexer; and a multiplexer controller. A control 64B/66B block is encoded into an ordered set block-designator and a count of data blocks to be sent in a next path signal frame is encoded into a plurality of path overhead 64B/66B data blocks. The multiplexer controller is responsive to a count of data blocks to be sent in a next path signal frame from a previous GMP window frame to selectively pass data to a data output so as to fill a GMP window frame.

Abstract: A method for rate adapting a constant bit rate (CBR) client signal into a signal stream in a telecom signal communication link includes at a source node encoding into a control block a control block header, and an ordered set block-designator, encoding into a plurality of path overhead data blocks a data block header and a count of data blocks to be encoded in a signal block, encoding into each of a plurality of signal blocks a data block header, the data blocks from the CBR signal equal to the count and pad blocks, assembling the blocks into a path signal frame, appending a set of idle character blocks following the end of the path signal frame to match a link bit rate of a first link segment, and transmitting the path signal frame and idle character blocks into the first link segment at the link bit rate.