Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for performing multiplex assays for nucleic acids, in which a transponder is associated with the bead(s) forming the solid phase used in the assay, nucleic acid probes are bound to the surface of the particles, and data concerning the assay is encoded on the transponder. A dedicated read/write device is used to remotely encode or read the data.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for detecting biomolecules in samples employing transponders associated with the bead(s) used as the solid phase in the assay, and information pertinent to the assay is encoded on the transponders memory elements. A dedicated read/write device is used remotely to encode or remotely to read the information. The invention can be used in direct or competitive ELISA-type assays, or in multiplex assays for the simultaneous assay of several analytes.

Abstract: A method is described for determining the sequence of nucleic acids. The method employs small solid phase particles having transponders, with a primary layer of an oligonucleotide of known sequence attached to the outer surface of the particle. A read/write scanner device is used to encode and decode data on the transponder. The stored data includes the sequence of the oligonucleotide immobilized on the transponder. The sequence of sample nucleic acids is determined by detecting annealing to an oligonucleotide bound to a particle, followed by decoding the transponder to determine the sequence of the oligonucleotide.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for performing multiplex assays for nucleic acids, in which a transponder is associated with the bead(s) forming the solid phase used in the assay, nucleic acid probes are bound to the surface of the particles, and data concerning the assay is encoded on the transponder. A dedicated read/write device is used to remotely encode or read the data.

Abstract: A method is described for determining the sequence of nucleic acids. The method employs small solid phase particles having transponders, with a primary layer of an oligonucleotide of known sequence attached to the outer surface of the particle. A read/write scanner device is used to encode and decode data on the transponder. The stored data includes the sequence of the oligonucleotide immobilized on the transponder. The sequence of sample nucleic acids is determined by detecting annealing to an oligonucleotide bound to a particle, followed by decoding the transponder to determine the sequence of the oligonucleotide.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for performing multiplex assays for nucleic acids, in which a transponder is associated with the bead(s) forming the solid phase used in the assay, nucleic acid probes are bound to the surface of the particles, and data concerning the assay is encoded on the transponder. A dedicated read/write device is used to remotely encode or read the data.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to rapidly screen chemical compounds by delivering the compounds to the assay as a coating on transponders, rather than as powder or solution. The transponder's function is to store data that identify the compound. The data can be decoded in any moment of the assay, and the identity of the desired compound established.

Abstract: A method is described for determining the sequence of nucleic acids. The method employs small solid phase particles having transponders, with a primary layer of an oligonucleotide of known sequence attached to the outer surface of the particle. A read/write scanner device is used to encode and decode data on the transponder. The stored data includes the sequence of the oligonucleotide immobilized on the transponder. The sequence of sample nucleic acids is determined by detecting annealing to an oligonucleotide bound to a particle, followed by decoding the transponder to determine the sequence of the oligonucleotide.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and methods for detecting biomolecules in samples employing transponders having memory elements associated with particle(s) used as a solid phase in art assay, and information pertinent to the assay is encoded on the transponder memory elements. A dedicated read/write device is used remotely to encode or remotely to read the information encoded on the transponder memory elements. The invention can be used in direct or competitive ELISA-type assays, or in multiplex assays for the simultaneous assay of several analytes.

Abstract: The present invention provides for polycationic buffers for the gel electrophoresis of and methods for obtaining improved separation and resolution of nucleic acids. In particular, the invention provides for a buffer consisting essentially of histidine for the gel electrophoresis of oligonucleotides ranging from a few to about 70 nucleotides in length. Polycationic buffers may be used for both analytical and preparative purposes and result in a nearly two-fold improvement in both separation and resolution of the nucleic acid bands. Furthermore, the use of polycationic buffers reduces the electrophoresis time by a factor of about three due to the low conductivity of the buffers.