Abstract: A process of preparing a graft polymer (e.g., an ABS graft copolymer), which involves determining the concentration of at least one reaction component during the course of the reaction by means of Raman spectroscopy, is disclosed. The process, more particularly, comprises: (a) synthesizing the graft polymer from a reaction mixture comprising reactive components (e.g., monomers such as styrene and acrylonitrile, and a graft base); (b) analyzing the reaction mixture, at intervals, during the synthesis of the graft polymer, by means of Raman spectra; (c) recording the results of the Raman spectra analysis; (d) determining the concentration of at least one of said reactive components (e.g., styrene) by means of spectral evaluation of the recorded Raman spectra; and (e) terminating the synthesis reaction of the graft polymer when the concentration of at least one of the reactive components has reached a predetermined concentration value.

Abstract: A motor vehicle door comprises a door inside part (19), a door outside part (20) and a supporting panel (3) which is connected in a tight-fitting manner to the door inside part (19).

Abstract: A cooling circuit for an internal combustion engine has a main heat exchanger for cooling cooling medium circulating in the cooling circuit. A secondary heat exchanger provides heating of heating air to be supplied to a vehicle interior. A thermostatic valve has a simple design which makes it possible to heat the vehicle interior even in the case of a maximum cooling capacity for the internal combustion engine. An inlet of the thermostatic valve is connected to an outlet of the internal combustion engine and a first outlet of the thermostatic valve is connected to an inlet of the main heat exchanger. An outlet of the main heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the internal combustion engine and a second outlet of the thermostatic valve is connected to the inlet of the internal combustion engine via a short-circuit line.

Abstract: A footstep bearing for an impeller shaft of a container stirring mechanism is described. The footstep bearing has at least one shaft butt end (1) that is mounted, in particular, on the wall (2) of the container (16), and an impeller shaft (9) with a gap (13) in the region of the engagement between shaft butt end (1) and impeller shaft (9). In the region of the gap (13), the shaft butt end (1) and/or the impeller shaft (9) are/is provided on their surface with sliding elements on which the opposite surface of the impeller shaft (9) and/or the shaft butt end (1) slide and the shaft butt end (1) has means (11) for the passage of a flushing fluid (3) through the gap (13) between impeller shaft (9) and shaft butt end (1).

Abstract: In a non-volatile memory cell having a floating gate (EEPROM), it is necessary to achieve a large coupling capacitance between the floating gate and a control gate in which the gates take up as little space as possible. To that end, it is provided that a dielectric between the floating gate and the control gate runs, in portions, approximately perpendicularly to the surface of a semiconductor substrate, for example, with the control gate configured within a U-shaped or pot-shaped floating gate.

Abstract: A molten film extruded from a slot die onto a take-off drum in a cooling system is first cooled on the circumferential surface of the take-off drum and by the ambient air, is subsequently passed into the water bath of a water trough in which the take-off drum is immersed, and finally is transferred from the water bath of the water trough into a post-cooling water bath, in which the film solidifies to an intermediate film having a desired final temperature of approximately 40.degree. C. When the film leaves the take-off drum, the partially solidified molten film has a mean temperature T.sub.u of between 100.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. For optimization of the dwell time of the molten film in the cooling system and in the post-cooling water bath, the drum diameter D of the take-off drum and the length L of the post-cooling water bath are determined by a specific relationship.

Abstract: A process for heating up moist gases containing hydrogen halides comprising removing the hydrogen halides from the gases by partial condensation of the water vapor, separating out the condensate and heating up the resultant gas in indirect or recuperative heat exchangers.

Abstract: A method is described for the precipitation by electrolysis of metallic mercury from an electrolyte containing Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in suspension by cathodic reduction.The method includes an electrolysis cell containing Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in which chlorine developed at the anode during the course of oxidation can migrate without impediment to the cathode area of the cell. The electrolyte containing Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 is subjected to electrolysis wherein chlorine is formed at the anode, chlorine reacts in situ with the Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 to form HgCl.sub.2, and HgCl.sub.2 is reduced at the cathode to metallic mercury with the formation of chloride ions. The Hg.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in the electrolyte is formed by oxidation of gaseous mercury with HgCl.sub.2, frequently when process gases are purified.

Abstract: An electroltytic process is described by which in order to increase the depletion factory, the material coefficient of the electrolyte passing through an electrolytic cell is increased along the direction of the electrolytic flow.

Abstract: In the process for the production of thin, biaxially stretched films from polypropylene, the latter is melted in an extruder and extruded from a slot die over the surface of a take-off roll. The plastic melt cooled on the surface of the take-off roll into an intermediate film is temperature-treated in the region of the take-off roll in a zone and the intermediate film is subsequently biaxially stretched and heat-set in a known way. At a take-off roll temperature T.sub.W of between 10.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., blowing air of a temperature T.sub.L greater than/equal to 30.degree. C. is blown onto the film surface on the air side not in contact with the circumferential surface of the take-off roll, the duration for this temperature treatment being at least 1.5 seconds.

Abstract: In the production of nitrobenzene by subjecting benzene to nitration with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, separating off the nitrobenzene formed, concentrating the sulfuric acid by evaporation and returning the concentrated sulfuric acid to the bezene nitration stage, the improvement which comprises concentrating sulfuric acid to a concentration of from 75 to 92% by evaporation in vacuo at temperatures in the range from 130.degree. to 195.degree. C. Thereby the energy per kg of water evaporated is drastically reduced compared to processes wherein the sulfuric acid is concentrated to a higher level, without a corresponding loss in efficiency or capacity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sealable transparent multilayer film, comprising: a base layer comprised of a propylene polymer and at least one sealable layer comprised of a combination of:(a) from about 67.5 to 89.6% by weight, relative to the weight of the sealable layer, of an olefin resin composition comprised of a co- or terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene or another alpha-olefin having 5 to 10 carbon atoms or of a mixture of said polymers,(b) from about 5 to 15% by weight, relative to the weight of the sealable layer, of a low molecular weight resin which is compatible with the olefin resin composition,(c) from about 5 to 15% by weight, relative to the weight of the sealable layer, of a propylene homopolymer,(d) from about 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, relative to the weight of the sealable layer, of a polydiorganosiloxane, and(e) from about 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, relative to the weight of the sealable layer, of a silicate having the shape of platelets.

Abstract: A sealable, transparent, polyolefinic multilayer film comprises a base layer formed of a polypropylene polymer and at least one sealable layer, which contains a propylene copolymer, a low-molecular weight resin, a polypropylene homopolymer and a polydiorganosiloxane. The sealing layer is comprised of a combination of(a) from about 68.5 to 89.7% by weight, based on the weight of the sealable layer, of an olefin resin composition, comprising an ethylene-propylene-butylene terpolymer and a propylene-butylene copolymer, corresponding to a content of from about 0.1 to 7% by weight of ethylene, 53 to 89.9% by weight of propylene and 10 to 40% by weight of butylene, based on the weight of the olefin resin composition,(b) from about 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the sealable layer, of a low-molecular weight resin, which compatible with the olefin resin composition,(c) from about 5 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the sealable layer, of a propylene homopolymer, and(d) from about 0.3 to 1.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic diagnosis device composed of ultrasonic optical elements arranged to be disposed in a mass of fluid in a container together with the object to be examined in order to image the object in an image plane, a source of incoherent sound radiation for irradiating the object, a condenser lens, an imaging objective and an acoustic energy detector system, the incoherent sound radiation source is composed of a turbulence chamber containing a plurality of particles arranged to move essentially randomly relative to one another, and at least one ultrasonic transmitter for irradiating the particles in the turbulence chamber with coherent ultrasound; the imaging objective is composed of at least two individual lenses of homogeneous material which are arranged in symmetry to one another and each having lens face which faces the other lens and which has an aspherical shape; and the detector system is composed of a linear array of detectors for converting the resulting ultrasound image of the object into elect

Abstract: In a binocular viewing device for observing one image with both eyes simultaneously, the image is observed directly via a beam splitter with a first ocular, and the image is observed indirectly with a second ocular via an optical imaging system which forms an intermediate image to which the second ocular is adjusted. The optical imaging system may comprise a collimator objective, a telescope objective and an image-inverting deflecting prism.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for testing operating functions in motor vehicles by means of parallel circuits which contain at least one switching element conductive during a normal operating function and one control lamp and which are adapted to be closed by a test switch, and with one transmitter each coordinated to the operating functions which automatically triggers a warning indication with abnormal operating functions; at least one warning lamp for the warning indication which is independent of the control lamps is thereby provided in the circuit arrangement.

Abstract: A device for optically displaying thermal image scenes, comprising pneumatic infrared sensors, for example, temperature-sensitive gas cells. A mosaic of thermal IR sensors, which is arranged on an infrared-transparent plate and which picks up the thermal image scene, is arranged in front of a reference plate whose inclination can be adjusted and which is irradiated by optical light. The interference patterns produced are picked up by an optical system. Thermal drift is suppressed by providing the IR sensors in a hermetically sealed chamber.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for the turn-indicator blinker lights of a motor vehicle, especially of a motorcycle, with an acoustic control device coordinated to the operation of the blinker lights; the control device is disconnected when the force-transmission of the motor vehicle is interrupted, while a time control switch engages the control device with a predetermined delay after the beginning of the operation of the blinker light when the force-transmission is engaged and/or after the force-transmission has been re-engaged during the operation of the blinker-lights.