Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating the behavior of the drive system and the mechanism of machine tool or production-line machine by use of mathematical models of the drives and the mechanisms of the driven mechanical elements of the machine are disclosed. Preferably actual values for regulated and unregulated axes are calculated at the same time using NC- and PLC-models, respectively by an auxiliary computer using desired values provided by a digital controller. The actual values are then supplied to a mechanism model, preferably a geometric kinematic model, which produces a state signal that is fed back to the digital controller, preferably in real time. The result is an efficient, easy and cost-effective simulation that closely approximates reality and can be provided in real-time.

Abstract: A simulation method for three-dimensional processing by a CNC-controlled processing machine is determined by means of an initial data record which describes idealized processing instructions for a processing machine, wherein a control data record for a control unit controlling the processing machine is determined from the initial data record by means of an arithmetic unit. At least one two-dimensional projection of the processing is determined from the initial data record and/or the control data record and is displayed.

Abstract: In a method for active compensation of mechanical vibrations and/or deformations in industrial processing machines, a main drive in a primary axis executes a first motion to move a mechanical machine element with an auxiliary drive in a secondary axis for execution of a second comparably more fine-tuned motion to move a machine point by the auxiliary drive in such a way that the movement of the machine point is composed of superimposed portions of the first and second motions. The first motion of the machine point moves hereby in accordance with a predetermined desired position value, and the second motion so compensates vibrations and/or deformation of the mechanical machine point that the machine point assumes the desired predetermined position.

Abstract: A device for determining the position of a tool and/or a load-bearing machine component of a machine tool or production machine includes a primary crossbeam arranged between two movable support elements and supporting the tool or the machine component, and a rigid secondary crossbeam which is also supported between the support elements. A contactless measuring unit is connected with the crossbeam and constructed to measure a deflection of the primary crossbeam relative to the secondary crossbeam. The deflection is hereby commensurate with a position of the tool and/or a load-bearing machine component and may depend on the acceleration force, weight and/or processing force exerted on the tool or the machine component.

Abstract: A method of maximizing the power or torque output of a synchronous motor with reluctance effect is disclosed. Bases on torque and voltage set points, in the regulation of the synchronous motor, an optimal torque- and field producing current is generated. The method can further generate an optimal voltage which can maximize the power output of a synchronous motor since changes of inductances generated by the current itself can be accounted for.

Abstract: A method for identifying a control path of a controlled system, and more particularly to a method for identifying a control path in the presence of deterministic perturbations is described. At least one deterministic perturbation correcting signal is determined in a first identification process, and the perturbation correcting signal is stored in the form of a function. A control path of the controlled system is identified in a second identification process by adding to the controlled system the at least one stored deterministic perturbation correcting signal with a negative feedback. The method can be used with machine tools, production machines and/or robots which demand a high control accuracy and/or a high-quality control characteristic. In particular, perturbation effects due to slot latching in motors, in particular linear motors, can be minimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to especially simple, rapid and multidimensional surface reproduction. According to the inventive method for reconstructing a surface of a structure which is described by 3D data points in chronological order, 3D data points are processed using a linear interpolation in such a way that chronologically directly adjacent 3D data points remain unchanged.

Abstract: According to the invention, a simulation is carried out based on the fundamental motion equation (1) for simulating the system by means of: transformation of the fundamental motion equation into linear differential equations of the first order; further transformation of the linear differential equations into time-discrete state variables; determination of the time response of the system by actualization of the resulting algebraic differential equations in the sampling raster of an associated control processor. Higher simulation accuracy is obtained at an essentially smaller calculating capacity.

Abstract: A method of maximizing the power or torque output of a synchronous motor with reluctance effect is disclosed. Bases on torque and voltage set points, in the regulation of the synchronous motor, an optimal torque- and field producing current is generated. The method can further generate an optimal voltage which can maximize the power output of a synchronous motor since changes of inductances generated by the current itself can be accounted for.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to execute the pre-control and the fine interpolation in the drive (A) in the fast drive clock (tDR) with a slower path pre-setting in the clock (tNC) of the NC. For this purpose, in each NC clock (tNC) a setpoint speed value (nNC*) and the P gain (kP) of the NC position controller (L_NC) and the desired axle speed (nNC) and the average axle speed (nNCMW) during the last NC position controller clock are transferred from the NC to the drive. From this information, polynomial segments of the third degree are in each case generated on the drive side, valid for the duration of an NC position controller clock (tNC). They are constructed in such a way that the speed at the polynomial transitions is constant. A variable component of the position polynomial is determined as the fine position component xF, with which the setpoint position values are finely interpolated in the drive.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to execute the pre-control and the fine interpolation in the drive (A) in the fast drive clock (tDR) with a slower path pre-setting in the clock (tNC) of the NC. For this purpose, in each NC clock (tNC) a setpoint speed value (nNC*) and the P gain (kP) of the NC position controller (L_NC) and the desired axle speed (nNC) and the average axle speed (nNCMW) during the last NC position controller clock are transferred from the NC to the drive. From this information, polynomial segments of the third degree are in each case generated on the drive side, valid for the duration of an NC position controller clock (tNC). They are constructed in such a way that the speed at the polynomial transitions is constant. A variable component of the position polynomial is determined as the fine position component xF, with which the setpoint position values are finely interpolated in the drive.

Abstract: In a method for reconstructing a surface of a workpiece, in particular a surface of a workpiece formed by a five-axis milling process, an initial body which at least partially represents the workpiece is computed with a plane grid formed of rays. Each ray is formed based on a sequence of height intervals and subdivided into material-relevant regions.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to execute the pre-control and the fine interpolation in the drive (A) in the fast drive clock (tDR) with a slower path pre-setting in the clock (tNC) of the NC. For this purpose, in each NC clock (tNC) a setpoint speed value (nNC*) and the P gain (kP) of the NC position controller (L_NC) and the desired axle speed (nNC) and the average axle speed (nNCMW) during the last NC position controller clock are transferred from the NC to the drive. From this information, polynomial segments of the third degree are in each case generated on the drive side, valid for the duration of an NC position controller clock (tNC). They are constructed in such a way that the speed at the polynomial transitions is constant. A variable component of the position polynomial is determined as the fine position component xF, with which the setpoint position values are finely interpolated in the drive.

Abstract: In a method for active compensation of mechanical vibrations and/or deformations in industrial processing machines, a main drive in a primary axis executes a first motion to move a mechanical machine element with an auxiliary drive in a secondary axis for execution of a second comparably more fine-tuned motion to move a machine point by the auxiliary drive in such a way that the movement of the machine point is composed of superimposed portions of the first and second motions. The first motion of the machine point moves hereby in accordance with a predetermined desired position value, and the second motion so compensates vibrations and/or deformation of the mechanical machine point that the machine point assumes the desired predetermined position.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to execute the pre-control and the fine interpolation in the drive (A) in the fast drive clock (tDR) with a slower path pre-setting in the clock (tNC) of the NC. For this purpose, in each NC clock (tNC) a setpoint speed value (nNC*) and the P gain (kP) of the NC position controller (L_NC) and the desired axle speed (nNC) and the average axle speed (NNCMW) during the last NC position controller clock are transferred from the NC to the drive. From this information, polynomial segments of the third degree are in each case generated on the drive side, valid for the duration of an NC position controller clock (tNC). They are constructed in such a way that the speed at the polynomial transitions is constant. A variable component of the position polynomial is determined as the fine position component xF, with which the setpoint position values are finely interpolated in the drive.

Abstract: Control of machine tools and industrial robots is usually implemented in a cascade structure, having not only numerous advantages but also the fundamental disadvantage of lower dynamics in the response to set point in comparison with a single control loop. This disadvantage is compensated today by feed-forward control concepts which permit ideal tracking of the controlled variable without intervention by the controllers, apart from inaccuracies in modeling of the controlled system or disruptions. The enormous computation complexity of these precontrol methods in higher order systems has provided the motivation for the development of a cartesian path control concept which is described in the present invention. While retaining the cascade structure, path accuracy can be improved significantly in comparison with axial feed-forward concepts.

Abstract: In incremental detectors, measurement signals thereof are first corrected in graduation-specific fashion with respect to amplitude offsets, and phase displacement, and a rough angle is determined. The residual error of the rough angle is fine-corrected via rough-angle-specific, graduation-independent rough angle correction values and a position signal is determined in this way. The correction values for amplitudes offsets, and phase displacement are determined using regression, and the rough angle correction values are determined using high-precision reference angle measurements.

Abstract: A control capability is provided for feed-forward torque control of numerically controlled, elastic and thus oscillating multiple-mass systems, which capability takes account of the elastic behavior between a drive and the load connected to it. This is achieved essentially in that a spring torque which causes oscillations and is associated with the most pronounced natural frequency of the multiple-mass system is derived from a reference model and is compensated for by applying disturbance compensation variables to a feed-forward torque control path.

Abstract: A method and device for clock-synchronized motion control in discrete-time sampling systems is provided, in particular for use in numerical control systems for machine tools and robots. The method includes the derivation of any order m from the tool path feedrate (v or x.sub.2) or of any order m+1 from the position (s or x.sub.1) serving as the manipulated variable (u), the acceleration (a or x.sub.3) or the jerk limitation (r or x.sub.4) preferably being used. The exact control sequence (u) for the motion control is determined from the n=m+1 discrete-time system matrix equations of the sampling system, given an initial state (x.sub.k) and desired state vector (xx.sub.k+v) The manipulated variable (u) is changed in accordance with the specific values of the control sequence (u) within the time reference (k*T) of the sampling system, in particular in the interpolation clock cycle when working with numerical control systems for machine tools and robots.

Abstract: In the regulation of the torque response of multiphase electronically commutated electric motors, in particular synchronous motors, a constant moment of rotation response is achieved by forming the nominal current values for the phases to be regulated depending on a torque-regulating variable and the rotor position. A current regulator is assigned to each current phase to be regulated. The method makes it possible to preset a nominal current value for each phase to be regulated for any adjustable torque as a function of the particular rotor position. The separate regulation of the nominal current values ensures that the up-commutating current is alternating exactly with the down-commutating current and hence no system-caused torque transients occur.