Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device the power level of which is strengthened by using data input/output pads in a no connection state, and a method of strengthening the power of the semiconductor memory device at a stabilized power level, the semiconductor memory device comprises: a plurality of data input/output drivers; and a plurality of data input/output pads, each connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of data input/output drivers. A first subset of the data input/output pads are connected to respective data input/output pins of a package, and several or all of a remaining subset of the data input/output pads that are not connected to data input/output pins of the package are connected to power pins of the package.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device that includes a memory cell connected to a wordline and a wordline voltage generator. The wordline voltage generator supplies a first negative voltage to the wordline in a standby state and supplies a second negative voltage that is lower with respect to ground than the first negative voltage to the wordline in a refresh operation. Accordingly, a leakage current generated at a transistor of a memory cell by gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) is suppressed to enhance the performance of a refresh operation.

Abstract: In a delay locked loop (DLL) of a semiconductor memory device capable of compensating for delay of an internal clock signal by variation of driving strength of an output driver, a replica output driver exhibits the same delay amount as the delay amount as an output driver whose driving strength varies. A phase detector detects a phase difference between an internal clock signal which is delayed by the replica output driver, and an external clock signal. A control circuit generates a control signal in response to the output signal of the phase detector. A variable delay circuit, in response to the control signal, delays the external clock signal and generates the internal clock signal in synchronization with the external clock signal. Since the DLL has a replica output driver which can accurately track the delay of an internal clock signal by variation of the driving strength of an output driver in the feedback loop, output data can be accurately synchronized with an external clock signal.

Abstract: Provided is a circuit for generating a data strobe signal used in a double data rate (DDR) synchronous semiconductor device. The circuit comprises a first logic unit capable of generating a pull up control signal responsive to first and second clock signals. A second logic unit is capable of generating a pull down signal responsive to the first and second clock signals. A data strobe buffer is capable of generating a data strobe signal responsive to the pull up and pull down control signals, the data strobe signal including a preamble. The first logic unit is capable of generating the preamble responsive to a first pulse of the first clock signal. And the data strobe signal is in a high impedance state responsive to a last pulse of the first clock signal.

Abstract: An information processing system for controlling clock skew preferably includes a first and a second memory module, each of which has at last one semiconductor integrated circuit and is controlled by a chipset which can selectively control the time delay of an individual clock signal based on a stored value. The system further includes a clock line, which includes a first and a second clock line segment forming a closed loop and at least one data line connected between the chipset and a first termination device. By designing each of the first and the second clock line segments to be the same length as the data line, the propagation time of a clock signal and a data signal may be accurately matched.

Abstract: Provided is a circuit for generating a data strobe signal used in a double data rate (DDR) synchronous semiconductor device. The circuit comprises a first logic unit capable of generating a pull up control signal responsive to first and second clock signals. A second logic unit is capable of generating a pull down signal responsive to the first and second clock signals. A data strobe buffer is capable of generating a data strobe signal responsive to the pull up and pull down control signals, the data strobe signal including a preamble. The first logic unit is capable of generating the preamble responsive to a first pulse of the first clock signal. And the data strobe signal is in a high impedance state responsive to a last pulse of the first clock signal.

Abstract: In a delay locked loop (DLL) of a semiconductor memory device capable of compensating for delay of an internal clock signal by variation of driving strength of an output driver, a replica output driver exhibits the same delay amount as the delay amount as an output driver whose driving strength varies. A phase detector detects a phase difference between an internal clock signal which is delayed by the replica output driver, and an external clock signal. A control circuit generates a control signal in response to the output signal of the phase detector. A variable delay circuit, in response to the control signal, delays the external clock signal and generates the internal clock signal in synchronization with the external clock signal. Since the DLL has a replica output driver which can accurately track the delay of an internal clock signal by variation of the driving strength of an output driver in the feedback loop, output data can be accurately synchronized with an external clock signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a data output circuit that can read data in parallel from a plurality of latches in a pipeline circuit. Even-numbered data and odd-numbered data are simultaneously output over a single clock cycle, and are then converted into DDR data and are then serially output. By moving data in this manner, embodiments of the invention can reduce the number of necessary control signals by as much as 50% over conventional data output circuits.

Abstract: A data output method and data output circuit capable of increasing data output speed by reducing clock power while increasing sensing speed are provided. The data output method includes (a) precharging output terminals to a precharge voltage lower than a supply voltage; and (b) outputting differential output signals to the output terminals in response to differential input signals. In step (a) the output terminals are precharged in response to a clock signal having a first state, and in step (b) the differential signals are output to the output terminals in response to the clock signal having a second state. The voltage swing of the clock signal is set lower than the precharge voltage. The method further includes latching the differential output signals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting packet data in a high-speed packet transmitting mobile communication system. In the packet data transmitting apparatus, a packet data channel generator processes packet data to be transmitted on a packet data channel, a preamble signal generator transmits a preamble signal according to a gain of the packet data channel, a select signal generator generates a select signal to transmit the preamble signal a predetermined time before transmitting the packet data, and a multiplexer outputs the preamble signal upon receipt of the select signal and the packet data in time division when the select signal is not received.

Abstract: A delay line receives an input clock signal and includes a cascaded plurality of unit delay circuits. A mode register set stores a value indicative of a column-address-strobe (CAS) latency of the memory device, and an adjustment circuit varies a delay time of the unit delay circuits according to the CAS latency stored in the mode register set. A phase detector detects a phase difference between the input clock signal and an output clock signal of the delay line, and a control circuit which controls an enabled state of the unit delay circuits according to an output of said phase detector.

Abstract: A method for preparing powder granules by a liquid condensation process comprising preparing a slurry by mixing powders, a binding agent and a binding agent soluble solvent, dropping the slurry to a binding agent insoluble solvent to fix the binding agent so that the binding agent can not be released to a surface of a droplet of the slurry, coagulating the droplet by solvent exchange between the soluble solvent inside the droplet and the insoluble solvent at the surface of the droplets, and separating the coagulated droplet from the insoluble solvent, drying it and completely removing a residual solvent.

Abstract: A data output method and data output circuit capable of increasing data output speed by reducing clock power while increasing sensing speed are provided. The data output method includes (a) precharging output terminals to a precharge voltage lower than a supply voltage; and (b) outputting differential output signals to the output terminals in response to differential input signals. In step (a) the output terminals are precharged in response to a clock signal having a first state, and in step (b) the differential signals are output to the output terminals in response to the clock signal having a second state. The voltage swing of the clock signal is set lower than the precharge voltage. The method further includes latching the differential output signals.

Abstract: A delay line receives an input clock signal and includes a cascaded plurality of unit delay circuits. A mode register set stores a value indicative of a column-address-strobe (CAS) latency of the memory device, and an adjustment circuit varies a delay time of the unit delay circuits according to the CAS latency stored in the mode register set. A phase detector detects a phase difference between the input clock signal and an output clock signal of the delay line, and a control circuit which controls an enabled state of the unit delay circuits according to an output of said phase detector.

Abstract: An information processing system for controlling clock skew preferably includes a first and a second memory module, each of which has at last one semiconductor integrated circuit and is controlled by a chipset which can selectively control the time delay of an individual clock signal based on a stored value. The system further includes a clock line, which includes a first and a second clock line segment forming a closed loop and at least one data line connected between the chipset and a first termination device. By designing each of the first and the second clock line segments to be the same length as the data line, the propagation time of a clock signal and a data signal may be accurately matched.

Abstract: An ATM switch having the buffer threshold controller to control the cell input into the switching element using the back-pressure signal and a method for determining the buffer threshold according to the buffer threshold controller are disclosed. The ATM switch includes buffer pool storing the cell input to the switch; buffer pool control part storing the buffer pool occupancy information per input port of the buffer pool; threshold control part receiving the buffer pool occupancy information from the buffer pool control part and calculating the threshold per input port periodically and then sending it to the buffer pool control part; input crosspoint control part controlling the cells input to the buffer pool by receiving the control signal from the buffer pool control part; and output crosspoint control part controlling the cells output from the buffer pool by receiving the control signal from the buffer pool control part.

Abstract: A cell re-sequencer restores cell sequence in multipath ATM switches by using per-VC logical queues that store only cells belonging to a same VC. The re-sequencer can reduce processing time to a shorter value than those of conventional re-sequencer mechanisms. Also, this re-sequencer has no restriction on the peak rate of VCs and no arbitration functions to select an output cell. The re-sequencer comprises a RAM buffer, a CAM/RAM table, a controller, etc.

Abstract: A controller for the logical buffer depth in ATM switching system and a method for determining the logical queue depth, using the back-pressure signal and the occupied buffer depth information and supporting the P classes, are disclosed. The controller includes Routing Table Element making tag for routing of input cell; Input Buffer storing the cell that a tag is attached to in said routing table element; Switch fabric that reads the cell from said input buffer and then switches it to the output port; and Input buffer controller controlling the logical queue size in said input buffer.

Abstract: An idle address controller for a shared buffer type ATM switch controls the addresses of output cells in a common memory to be stored directly in an idle address buffer without passing through the conventional idle address delay controller, by improving the idle address control scheme of a unit switch. The idle address controller includes an idle address control signal generator for generating idle address control signals based on the buffer length information from counters, idle address control signal buffers for storing the idle address control signals, and an idle address control signal multiplexer. Therefore, the idle addresses can be efficiently provided, and this mechanism lowers cell loss and reduces required memory capacity.

Abstract: A circuit for preventing a radio telephone engaged in a call from being cut off when a power failure occurs, wherein the radio telephone is branched with a wire telephone by a telephone line. When the power is off while engaged in a call, the telephone line is held on by a state of a line voltage and a music on hold is generated. If power turns on again in a holding state, a power off cancel data is transmitted to a portable device. If a response data from the portable device is received, the holding state of the telephone line is canceled and the music on hold is stopped, and the call through the radio telephone is connected again. If the power is not on again or if the response data is not received, it is checked during a given time whether the wire telephone is hooked off or not. If the wire telephone is hooked off or if the given time has passed, the holding state of the telephone line is canceled and the music on hold is stopped.