Abstract: Disclosed is an endoscope apparatus. The endoscope apparatus of the present invention includes: an endoscope including a flexible insertion section to be inserted into a human body; a flexible channel attached to the insertion section so that a part forms a passage in a longitudinal direction of the insertion section; and an assistant arm movably inserted into the passage and manipulated by a control device, and the assistant arm includes forceps capable of gripping a human body tissue, and a bending section bent by the control device to pull the human body tissue griped by the forceps.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second substrates connected to each other. The second substrate includes a plate layer having first and second faces. Gate electrode layers are disposed on the first face of the plate layer. Channel structures extend through the gate electrode layers. Word-line cutting structures extend through the gate electrode layers and are spaced apart from each other. Via structures are disposed on the second face of the plate layer. Via connecting structures are disposed on the top face of the via structures. A width of the bottom face of each of the via structures is greater than a width of the top face of each of the via structures. A width of the bottom face of each of the via connecting structures is less than a width of the top face of each of the via connecting structures.

Abstract: Method and systems are provided for diagnosing or monitoring a gastric cancer in a subject. Such methods include providing a biological sample from the subject; determining an amount in the sample of at least one biomarker, selected from the group consisting of: CDH17 and OLFM4; and comparing the amount of the at least one biomarker in the sample, if present, to a control level of the at least one biomarker. Such systems include a probe for selectively binding each of at least one biomarker.

Abstract: A human ovarian carcinoma cell line having an in-frame 3-bp deletion at codons 255 and 256 in exon 7 of the p53 gene, a nonsense mutation of codon 1815 in exon 23 of the BRCA1 gene, and a missense mutation of codon 723 in exon 19 of the hMLH1 gene.