Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a substrate and a first electrically insulating layer on the substrate. An electrically conductive contact plug is provided, which extends at least partially through the first electrically insulating layer. The contact plug includes a protrusion having a top surface that is spaced farther from the substrate relative to a top surface of a portion of the first electrically insulating layer extending adjacent the contact plug. An electrically conductive line is provided with a terminal end, which extends on a first portion of the protrusion. A second electrically insulating layer is provided, which extends on a second portion of the protrusion and on the first electrically insulating layer. The second electrically insulating layer has a sidewall, which extends opposite a sidewall of the terminal end of the electrically conductive line.

Abstract: Provided are a device and method for evaluating performance of a wearable muscle enhancement device.

Abstract: A hair dryer including a main body; a fan inside the main body to generate a flow of air; and a nozzle connected to the main body so that the air flows into the nozzle. The nozzle includes a nozzle body having an inner space, a nozzle partition wall inside the nozzle body dividing the inner space into first and second nozzle passages, a plurality of first nozzle holes formed in the nozzle body to communicate with the first nozzle passage, and a plurality of second nozzle holes formed in the nozzle body to communicate with the second nozzle passage. The nozzle is configured so that air flowing into the first nozzle passage is discharged through the first nozzle holes in a first direction, and air flowing into the second nozzle passage is discharged through the second nozzle holes in a second direction that is different from the first direction.

Abstract: A clothes treating apparatus includes: a cabinet; a tub; a drum; a base forming an air flow path including an air inlet and an air outlet; a heat exchanger; a supply duct forming a first supply flow and a second supply flow path; a discharge duct forming a first discharge flow path and a second discharge flow path; a first damper configured to be movable to a first position of opening the first supply flow path and closing the second supply flow path or a second position of closing the first supply flow path and opening the second supply flow path; and a second damper configured to be movable to a third position of opening the first discharge flow path and closing the second discharge flow path or a fourth position of closing the first discharge flow path and opening the second discharge flow path.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing including a speaker hole, and a speaker module in the housing. The speaker module includes a speaker including a first surface outputting an audio signal, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a third surface connecting the first surface and the second surface. The speaker module includes a first housing including a first portion including a first opening overlapping the first surface when viewed from above and a second portion disposed on the first portion, a second housing attached to the first housing and including a duct extending from the first opening to the speaker hole, a first space extending from the first opening through the duct to the speaker hole, and a second space in the first housing, being disconnected from the first space by the speaker. The second portion is configured to seal the second space.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium metal battery, a lithium metal battery including the same, and a method of preparing the negative electrode are provided. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and a protective layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector. The protective layer includes a first protective layer and a second protective layer disposed between the first protective layer and the negative electrode current collector. The first protective layer includes porous nanostructure particles, and the second protective layer includes polar inorganic particles.

Abstract: A federated learning system includes: a central server including a central learning model containing an extractor; and client devices each including a local learning model performing federated learning with the central learning model. The local learning model includes an extractor and a classifier, and the central server transmits state information of the extractor in the central learning model to a client device among the client devices, receives state information of the extractor in the local learning model from the client device, and updates the extractor in the central learning model using the received state information, and the client device uploads the state information to the extractor in the local learning model, trains the extractor and the classifier in the local learning model using individual training data, and transmits state information of the extractor trained in the local learning model to the central server.

Abstract: A system for optimizing resource allocation includes and/or interfaces with: a set of contextual data sources; a decision-making subsystem; and a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the system can optionally include and/or interface with a set of user interfaces, memory, a set of data collection, and/or any other suitable components. A method for resource optimization includes: receiving a set of inputs; and processing the set of inputs and/or contextual data with a set of models to produce a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the method can include any or all of: training the set of models; pre-processing the set of inputs to supplement the set of contextual data; dynamically adjusting the set of schedules; triggering a set of actions based on the set of schedules; updating the set of models; and/or any other processes.

Abstract: A system for optimizing resource allocation includes and/or interfaces with: a set of contextual data sources; a decision-making subsystem; and a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the system can optionally include and/or interface with a set of user interfaces, memory, a set of data collection, and/or any other suitable components. A method for resource optimization includes: receiving a set of inputs; and processing the set of inputs and/or contextual data with a set of models to produce a set of schedules. Additionally or alternatively, the method can include any or all of: training the set of models; pre-processing the set of inputs to supplement the set of contextual data; dynamically adjusting the set of schedules; triggering a set of actions based on the set of schedules; updating the set of models; and/or any other processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device including a substrate, conductive structures on the substrate and extending in parallel to each other in a first direction, and a first interlayer dielectric layer in first and second trenches between the conductive structures. A width in a second direction of the first trench may be less than a width in the second direction of the second trench. The first interlayer dielectric layer may include a lower interlayer dielectric layer and an upper interlayer dielectric layer on the lower interlayer dielectric layer, sequentially stacked. A mechanical strength of the upper interlayer dielectric layer may be greater than a mechanical strength of the lower interlayer dielectric layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a substrate including a chip region and an edge region enclosing the chip region, and at least one coarse key pattern divided into fine key patterns on the edge region, extend in a first direction and are spaced apart from each other in a second direction crossing the first direction. Each of the fine key patterns may include a first key pattern, extending in the first direction, and a second key pattern including a first portion extending along a side surface of the first key pattern, and a second portion extending along an opposite side surface of the first key pattern. A width of each of the first and second portions may be smaller than a width of the first key pattern, when measured in the second direction.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electronic device includes: a flexible display, at least one sensor, and a processor; wherein the processor is configured to: control the display to display an object at least partially superimposed on a first user interface displayed on the first display area and the second display area, on a portion of an edge of the first display area; identify that the state of the electronic device is changed from a second state to a first state, while the object is displayed on the portion of the edge of the first display area; display the object the portion of the edge of the second display area extending from the edge of the first display area, in response to identifying that the state of the electronic device is changed from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including a plurality of antennas, a plurality of radio frequency circuits, a first transceiver, a second transceiver, a switching circuit configured to connect the plurality of radio frequency circuits to the first transceiver or the second transceiver, a processor, and a memory. The electronic device may be configured to switch a receiving path by connecting at least one of a plurality of receiving paths to another transceiver based on reception performance of the plurality of receiving paths.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a magnetic memory cell including a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) memory element and a two-terminal bidirectional selector coupled in series between two conductive lines. The MTJ memory element includes a magnetic free layer; a magnetic reference layer; and an insulating tunnel junction layer interposed therebetween. The two-terminal bidirectional selector includes a bottom electrode; a top electrode; a load-resistance layer interposed between the bottom and top electrodes and comprising a first tantalum oxide; a first volatile switching layer interposed between the bottom and top electrodes and comprising a metal dopant and a second tantalum oxide that has a higher oxygen content than the first tantalum oxide; and a second volatile switching layer in contact with the first volatile switching layer and comprising a third tantalum oxide that has a higher oxygen content than the first tantalum oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a culture vessel for three-dimensional cell cultivation and a three-dimensional cell co-cultivation method using the same. The culture vessel comprises a well formed by a column positioned thereon and at least one support protruding from the column within the well. In contrast to conventional techniques, the present invention allows cells to be cultured at a position spaced from a culture vessel, thus enjoying the advantage of smoothly supplying oxygen necessary for three-dimensional cell culture structures.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device including a plurality of antennas, a plurality of radio frequency circuits, a first transceiver, a second transceiver, a switching circuit configured to connect the plurality of radio frequency circuits to the first transceiver or the second transceiver, a processor, and a memory. The electronic device may be configured to switch a receiving path by connecting at least one of a plurality of receiving paths to another transceiver based on reception performance of the plurality of receiving paths.

Abstract: A washing machine with drying function includes a cabinet, a tub inside the cabinet, and provided with a front opening to allow laundry to be introduced and removed and a back opening, a drum rotatable inside the tub. A heated air supplying device which includes a heat exchange part, an inlet duct disposed at one side of the tub, and formed to guide air that is introduced from a rear side of the heated air supplying device toward the heat exchange part, a supply duct disposed at another side of the tub, and formed to guide air that passed the heat exchange part to be discharged to a front side of the heated air supplying device, and a fan at a front side the tub, and configured to cause an airflow such that air being discharged from the supply duct is supplied to the front opening of the tub.

Abstract: A clothes dryer including a cabinet, a drum rotatably installed inside the cabinet, a heat pump provided to generate hot air to be supplied to the inside of the drum, a fan provided to induce the hot air generated by the heat pump to the inside of the drum, a hot air supply duct connected to a rear surface of the drum to guide the hot air induced by the fan to the inside of the drum, a scroll provided to accommodate the fan to guide the hot air discharged from the fan to the hot air supply duct, and a discharge duct provided to connect the scroll and the hot air supply duct, wherein a rear surface of the scroll is positioned in front of a rear surface of the hot air supply duct, and the scroll is disposed obliquely in a direction of facing the rear surface of the hot air supply duct.

Abstract: A clothes dryer including a cabinet including an inlet and a base; a drum inside the cabinet, a support frame including a front support frame supporting a front end portion of the drum, and having a laundry inlet, and a rear support frame supporting a rear end portion of the drum; a blow fan below the front support frame; and a guide portion behind the blow fan, and connected with the blow fan. The blow fan and the guide portion may be configured so that the blow fan is operable to move outside air to inside of the cabinet, and the guide portion guides a first portion of the outside air moved inside of the cabinet by the blow fan toward a gap between the drum and the front support frame to dry air leaking from between the drum and the front support frame.

Abstract: A document editing interface providing method for providing resource information associated with a document on a display of a user device using a backlink button through a processing module is disclosed. The method contains a workspace screen display step, a backlink button display step, a selected document display step, and a library panel display step. Also disclosed are a document editing interface providing apparatus or server for providing resource information associated with a document on a display of a user device using a backlink button.