Abstract: Disclosed are a data transmission device for modulating the amplitude of a PAM-4 signal using a toggle serializer and a method of operating the same. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the data transmission device includes a toggle serializer configured to generate at least one toggle signal by detecting logic level change of first and second signals from a Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) signal including the first and second signals; and a driver configured to modulate an amplitude of the PAM signal by combining the first signal, the second signal, and the at least one toggle signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a voltage controlled oscillator and phase locked loop comprising the same for compensating a noise of a power voltage. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a voltage controlled oscillator may comprise: an oscillator comprising a plurality of inverters connected as a ring form for generating a plurality of signals having different phases with each other, and a plurality of feed forward circuits formed between the inverters; and a controller for controlling the inverter and feed forward circuit based on a detected noise by detecting a noise of a power voltage.

Abstract: A actuator using a voice coil motor (VCM) method includes a coil configured to face a magnetic member disposed on a lateral surface of a lens carrier, and be spaced apart from the magnetic member, a driving circuit configured to supply a composite current including a driving current and a position detection current to the coil based on a composite voltage input to the driving circuit, and an impedance/digital conversion circuit configured to convert an alternating current (AC) voltage signal including a specific frequency component acquired at opposite ends of the coil via a demodulation scheme, extract a low-frequency signal having an inductance component of the coil, and detect a position signal based on the low-frequency signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a position of a voice coil motor (VCM) includes a coil disposed to face a magnetic member provided on one surface of a lens carrier; a driving circuit applying a superimposed current, including a driving current and a position detecting current, to the coil; a filter circuit extracting an alternating current (AC) voltage from a voltage across the coil; a voltage/frequency conversion circuit converting the AC voltage extracted by the filter circuit into a frequency signal; and a digital control circuit detecting positional information of the VCM based on a frequency component of the frequency signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a system and a method for integrally managing electric energy. The system includes a power generation unit configured to generate electric energy by photovoltaic generation, a battery unit configured to charge batteries therein with the electric energy from the power generation unit or electric energy from an external power source or to discharge the electric energy to a load, and an integrated management controller configured to control an energy transfer path of the power generation unit and the charging/discharging of the battery unit according to a predetermined power utilization algorithm and to support a user interface so that energy management status is monitored thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for managing charging/discharging of electric energy based on prediction for PV power and load. The system includes a power generation unit configured to generate electric energy from PV power, a energy storage unit configured to be charged with the electric energy supplied from the power generation unit and electric energy supplied from an external power supplier via one common node or to be discharged with the electric energy to a load via the one common node, and a manager control unit configured to predict a PV power and a load and schedule and control charging/discharging of the energy storage unit based on data of a result of the prediction.

Abstract: A valve device for a vehicle may include a pneumatic valve having first and second chambers in which respective pressures thereof are regulated, and a pressure regulation valve coupled to the pneumatic valve, the pressure regulation valve communicating with the first chamber, including a positive pressure side opening and a negative pressure side opening, and selectively opening and closing the positive pressure side opening and the negative pressure side opening to regulate the pressure in the first chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and an electronic device. The electronic device may include a display and a transmission/reception module, and at least one processor. The processor may implemented the method, including receiving a first message and a second message to be transmitted to an external electronic device, generating, by at least one processor, a combined message including both the first message and the second message, and transmitting, by a transmission/reception module, the combined message to the external electronic device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data transmission device for modulating the amplitude of a PAM-4 signal using a toggle serializer and a method of operating the same. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the data transmission device includes a toggle serializer configured to generate at least one toggle signal by detecting logic level change of first and second signals from a Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) signal including the first and second signals; and a driver configured to modulate an amplitude of the PAM signal by combining the first signal, the second signal, and the at least one toggle signal.

Abstract: A multiple resistor string digital-to-analog converter (DAC) includes a first resistor string circuit including first through n-th resistors, where n is a natural number; a first switching circuit connected between one terminal of each of the first through n-th resistors and a first connection node, and configured to select one terminal of a corresponding k-th resistor, where k is a natural number equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or smaller than n, of the first resistor string circuit based on a digital code; a second switching circuit connected to the other terminal of the first through n-th resistors, and configured to select the other terminal of the corresponding k-th resistor of the first resistor string circuit depending on the digital code; and a third switching circuit configured to select a voltage divided by the resistors of the second resistor string circuit depending on the digital code.

Abstract: A display apparatus capable of image scanning is provided including a contact sensor arranged in each unit pixel. The contact sensor includes a pixel electrode forming a contact capacitance by contact with a contact means; a reset transistor where a drain electrode is connected to a node where the contact capacitance is formed, and each of a gate electrode and a source electrode is connected to a first scan line to which a selective signal is applied; an amplifying transistor where a gate electrode is connected to the drain electrode of the reset transistor; and a detecting transistor where a drain electrode is connected to the drain electrode of the amplifying transistor, a gate electrode is connected to a second scan line to which a selective signal is applied, and a source electrode is connected to a readout line detecting a current corresponding to the contact capacitance.

Abstract: An actuator includes a magnet, a driving coil, a driver, and a position detector. The magnet is disposed on one surface of a lens barrel. The driving coil is disposed at a proximity of the magnet. The driver is configured to apply a driving signal to the driving coil to move the lens barrel along an optical axis. The position detector is configured to generate an oscillation signal of which a frequency is changed based on movement of the magnet and configured to compare oscillation signals generated in a first position and a second position of the lens barrel to detect a present position of the lens barrel.

Abstract: An actuator of a camera module includes a magnet, a coil facing the magnet, a driver configured to apply a driving signal to the coil to move the magnet in a direction, and a position estimator. The position estimator is configured to convert an oscillation signal into a digital signal in a delta sigma modulation scheme, and estimate the position of the magnet from the digital signal. A frequency of the oscillation signal varies based on a position of the magnet.

Abstract: Provided are a non-volatile memory device and a method of fabricating the same. The non-volatile memory includes a channel layer; a data storage layer disposed on the channel layer; a plurality of control gates arranged on the data storage layer and spaced apart from one another; and one or more sub-gates, at least one of the sub-gates being arranged between two adjacent control gates.

Abstract: An apparatus to control a position of a camera module includes a magnetic member, a coil, a driver, a signal extractor, and a position detector. The magnetic member is disposed on a lens barrel of the camera module. The coil is disposed opposite to the magnetic member. The driver is configured to provide a position confirmation signal to the coil. The signal extractor is configured to extract a specific frequency component from a signal of the coil including the position confirmation signal and output a detection signal. The position detector is configured to provide a position signal corresponding to a position of the magnetic member based on the detection signal.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to control a position of a camera module. The apparatus includes a magnetic member disposed on a lens barrel of the camera module, a coil disposed opposite to the magnetic member, and a driver configured to generate to the coil a position confirmation signal including a specific frequency component. The apparatus also includes a signal extractor configured to extract a detected signal, including the specific frequency component, from a coil signal of the coil, and a peak detector detect a peak value of the detected signal and output a position signal corresponding to a position of the magnetic member based on the peak value.

Abstract: A digital frequency measuring apparatus includes a frequency divider dividing an input frequency signal and providing a divided frequency signal; a period counter counting clock cycles in a period of the divided frequency signal using a clock signal and providing a period count value for each period; and a digital filter amplifying the period count value using an accumulated gain, converting an amplified period count value into a frequency, and providing a first digital output value. The digital filter determines the accumulated gain using a predetermined stage number and a predetermined decimator factor.

Abstract: A camera module actuator includes, a magnet, a coil, a driver, and a position estimating processor. The coil is disposed to face the magnet. The driver is configured to move the magnet by applying a driving signal to the coil. The position estimating processor is configured to estimate a position of the magnet from an oscillating signal. A frequency of the oscillating signal varies according to a movement of the magnet.

Abstract: A display apparatus capable of image scanning and a driving method thereof are provided. A display apparatus capable of image scanning includes a plurality of contact sensors each of which includes an N-type transistor, a P-type transistor connected to a gate electrode of the N-type transistor, and a sensing capacitor, the plurality of contact sensors being arranged so as not to cover a unit color pixel area of a color filter layer; a first scan line to which a selective signal is periodically applied, the first scan line being connected to a source electrode of the N-type transistor; a second scan line to which a selective signal is applied followed by the first scan line, the second scan line being connected to the gate electrode and source electrode of the P-type transistor; and a readout line connected to the drain electrode of the N-type transistor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selecting a QoS in a portable communication system are provided. The method includes, when using a high quality video communication service, sending a request for the high quality video communication service to a destination terminal using a Circuit Service Data (CSD) channel, receiving a reply message to the high quality video communication service request and, when the reply message is an acceptance of an execution of the high quality video communication service, disconnecting the CSD channel and then connecting a Packet Service Data (PSD) channel, and providing the high quality video communication service using the PSD channel.