Abstract: A lens has an optical body member with a first end, a second end, and an outer surface, the outer surface being shaped to provide total internal reflection. The optical body member further has an interior open channel extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end thereof. The optical body member further has a plurality of refractive surface regions disposed in the second end thereof and around the second opening of the interior open channel. The optical body member also has a plurality of protrusions extending from the first end of the optical body member. The protrusions are disposed circumferentially around the first opening of the interior open channel and are arranged to center the optical body member and to maintain the optical body member at a predetermined position with respect to the light source. In a light apparatus having an LED emitter disposed on a substrate, the protrusions can fit into notches in the substrate.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source having a plurality of light-emitting-diodes and a lens assembly with a lens and a lens holder. The lens includes a body member having an outer surface shaped to provide total internal reflection and an interior open channel extending longitudinally through the body member. The body member has a first end region for accommodating the light source and a second end region that includes a plurality of refractive surface regions positioned around the open channel. The lens holder has a concave interior surface shaped to accommodate the optical body member of the lens and a convex exterior surface. The holder has multiple clips for securing the lens and three or more support members extending from the exterior surface toward the first end.

Abstract: A lens assembly has a lens and a holder. The lens has an optical body member having a first end, a second end, and an outer surface. The outer surface is shaped to provide total internal reflection. The optical body member also has an interior open channel extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end thereof. The second end includes a peripheral flange that is free of curved refractive surface regions and has one or more index regions and one or more notches formed therein. The holder is a substantially cylindrical support member having a hollow interior region shaped to accommodate the optical body member. The holder also has a top rim region having one or more slots for receiving the index regions of the optical body member and one or more snap clips for fitting to the notches of the peripheral flange region of the optical body member.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a total internal reflection lens and a lens holder. The lens includes a body member having an outer surface shaped to provide total internal reflection and an interior open channel extending longitudinally through the body member. The body member has a first end region for accommodating a light source and a second end region that includes a plurality of refractive surface regions positioned around the open channel. The lens holder has a concave interior surface shaped to accommodate the optical body member of the lens and a convex exterior surface. The holder has multiple clips for securing the lens. The holder also has three or more support members extending from the exterior surface toward the first end. The support members are adapted for centering the optical body member with respect to the light source and maintaining the light source in the specified position in relation to the optical body member.

Abstract: A method, a system and a gateway for protection against network attacks are provided. The method includes: receiving source request information and destination request information that are sent by a client, where the destination request information is notified by a Domain Name System (DNS) to the client sending the source request information; checking the source request information and the destination request information; and discarding the source request information and the destination request information when the checking result is undesirable. Through the technical solution, the DNS selects the destination request information according to the source request information sent by the client, and establishes a corresponding relation between the client and a server according to a matching relation between the source request information and the destination request information, so as to prevent DDOS attacks.

Abstract: A network authentication method, a method for a client to request authentication, a client, and a device are provided.

Abstract: A total internal reflection (TIR) lens has an integrated lamp cover adapted to a lamp of a desired form factor (e.g., PAR-38). The size and shape of the TIR lens can be adapted to optimize the light output of the lamp with little regard to the desired form factor. The integrated lamp cover can extend the front surface of the TIR lens in a direction transverse from the optical axis.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to electromagnetic beam (e.g., laser beam) conditioning are described. In an embodiment, electromagnetic beam conditioning may be performed utilizing reflectors to temporally differentiate electromagnetic beam subsections and sub-beams resulting in reduced spatial coherence of the beam. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A system for monitoring database security includes a front-end probe that obtains network data information of a service system, a back-end probe that obtains database information accessed by the service system in a database system, and an analyzer that analyzes and integrates the obtained network data information and database information. The obtained network data information and database information are analyzed and integrated. The complete information about user operations at the front end of the service system and the front end of the database is obtained. User operations of the application system are associated with user operations of the database, and user operations can be audited completely.

Abstract: An apparatus including an LED excitation source and module useful for full plate imaging fluorescence instruments as well as methods for calibrating such instruments. The apparatus may include a light source operative to provide simultaneous illumination of a first wavelength selected to a plurality of samples to excite the fluorescent emission of light of a second wavelength by said plurality of samples wherein the light source is an LED array; and an optical sensor, responsive to light at said second wavelength.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a total internal reflection lens and a lens holder. The lens includes a body member having an outer surface shaped to provide total internal reflection and an interior open channel extending longitudinally through the body member. The body member has a first end region for accommodating a light source and a second end region that includes a plurality of refractive surface regions positioned around the open channel. The lens holder has a concave interior surface shaped to accommodate the optical body member of the lens and a convex exterior surface. The holder has multiple clips for securing the lens. The holder also has three or more support members extending from the exterior surface toward the first end. The support members are adapted for centering the optical body member with respect to the light source and maintaining the light source in the specified position in relation to the optical body member.

Abstract: A total-internal-reflection (TIR) lens for color mixing includes a body member having an outer surface and an interior open channel extending longitudinally through the body member. The body member and the interior open channel are substantially symmetric with respect to an optical axis, and the outer surface is shaped to provide total internal reflection. The body member has a first end surface region at a first end of the open channel for accommodating a light source and a second end surface region opposite the first end region. The second end surface region includes a plurality of refractive surface regions positioned around the second end region of the open channel. The lens is configured to provide projected light substantially centered with respect to the optical axis when the light source is positioned off the optical axis. In a specific embodiment, a lighting apparatus for providing centered white light includes such a lens and a plurality of light sources.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly for removing heat from two heat generating-components mounted on a printed circuit board, includes a first heat sink, a second heat sink, a plurality of poles each having a head at a top end and a double-layer spring. The first heat sink includes a base and a plurality of fins arranged on the base. The second heat sink has a first shoulder extending from a lateral side thereof. The first shoulder is disposed on the base. The double-layer spring includes an outer spring and an inner spring having a top end connected to a top end of the outer spring. One of the poles wearing the double-layer spring extends through the first shoulder and the base. The outer spring is compressed between the head of the pole and the first shoulder. The inner spring is compressed between the head of the pole and the base.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a heat sink (10) and a fan (30) mounted on the heat sink via a pair of fan holders (20) and clips (40). The fan holders each have a supporting plate (24) attached on the heat sink and a sleeve (26) connected to the supporting plate and spaced from the supporting plate. The fan has upper and lower flanges (32, 34). The lower flange is sandwiched between the sleeve and the supporting plate. The clips each include a shaft (42) extending through the sleeve, a spring (44) mounted around and received in sleeve, and a handle (46) pivotably mounted on the shaft and movable between unlocked and locked positions. When the handle is positioned at the locked position, the shaft is inserted in the lower flange of the fan to thereby secure the fan on the heat sink.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly for removing heat from a plurality arrays of heat generating-components mounted on a printed circuit board includes a fist and a second heat sink, a plurality of fastening assemblies. Each of the first and second heat sinks comprises an elongated base and a plurality of fins mounted on the base. The base extends beyond the fins at two lateral sides of the fins to form a first shoulder and a second shoulder located above the first shoulder in a manner such that the second shoulder of the first heat sink is superposed on the first shoulder of the second heat sink. The fastener assembly extends through the superposed first and second shoulders of the first and second heat sinks to assemble the first and second heat sinks on the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A modified concentric spectrograph for diffracting light with high stray light rejection without astigmatism is provided. The modified spectrograph includes a grating, a lens, and at least one entrance port and one exit port. The grating has a concave surface and a meridian plane with a first side and a second side. The lens has a substantially planar surface and a convex surface. Preferably, the convex and concave surfaces are substantially concentric. The ports are substantially located on different sides of the meridian plane near a focal plane of the spectrograph. The position of a focal plane may be modified using an optically transmissive triangular prism with a reflective surface, and an optically transmissive block. The position of a focal plane may further be modified with one or more optically transmissive plates. Methods for using the spectrograph are also provided.