Abstract: A gel of specific composition is encased in a flexible elastic casing to form a gel pad. The gel used is made up of (a) 15-62 weight % (based on (a)+(b)) of a high molecular weight covalently cross-linked polyurethane matrix and (b) 85-38 weight % (based on (a)+(b)) of a liquid dispersing agent. The liquid dispersing agent is a polyhydroxy compound having an average molecular weight between 1000 and 12,000, and an OH number between 20 and 112. This dispersing agent contains essentially no hydroxy compounds with a molecular weight below 800. The gel may also include fillers and/or additives known to those in the art. Suitable casing materials include polyurethane films, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and mesh fabrics. These gel pads are particularly useful as mattress, mattress inserts, wheelchair cushions, car seats, car seat supports and as pad elements for upholstered furniture.

Abstract: An aqueous preparations of a gel-like consistency, containing(A) 1-15% by weight of hydrophilic polyurethanes,(B) optionally up to 3% by weight of hydrophilic polymers which are water-soluble or capable of swelling in water, based on unsaturated monomers and/or modified cellulose derivatives,(C) optionally up to 2% by weight of surface active agents,(D) optionally up to 30% by weight of powder, and(E) 0.3-30% by weight of oil.The aqueous preparation is useful as a porosifying agent in the production of porous ceramic bodies.

Abstract: An aqueous preparations of a gel-like consistency, containing(a) oils in quantities of from 0.03 to 30% by weight,(b) water-soluble or swellable vinyl polymers in quantities of from 0.2 to 10% by weight,(c) water-soluble or swellable polymers based on natural substances in quantities of from 0.01 to 5% by weight,(d) surfactants in quantities of from 0.01 to 2% by weight and optionally(e) inorganic or organic powders in quantities of from 0.5 to 30% by weight.The aqueous preparation is useful as a porosifying agent in the production of porous ceramic bodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a constructional material which is stable in storage and which is kept under moisture-free conditions and which comprises a substrate and a reactive one-component system which hardens on exposure to air by reaction with moisture. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of a constructional material which is stable in storage.

Abstract: Maleic acid anhydride copolymers, especially those with (meth)acrylic acid or their derivatives, are advantageously produced by radical polymerization in the maleic acid anhydride melt.

Abstract: Paper sizing agents in the form of an aqueous preparation of maleic acid anhydride copolymers of which the anhydride groups had been reacted either with organic or inorganic bases or with primary-tertiary diamines and the reaction products subsequently reacted with epichlorohydrin or with inorganic or organic acids to form salts, the copolymers being made up of polymerised units of(a) from 5 to 75%, by weight, of an aromatic vinyl compound;(b) from 10 to 75%, by weight, of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl esters;(c) from 5 to 35%, by weight, of maleic acid anhydride;(d) from 0 to 25%, by weight, of other vinyl monomers; and(e) from 0.1 to 10%, by weight, based on the sum of monomers (a) to (d) (which amounts to 100%, by weight), of an unsaturated aldehyde or of an enol ether derived therefrom.The copolymers are produced by radical polymerisation preferably in the absence of solvents.

Abstract: Optionally-foamed intumescent compositions obtained by reacting(a) polyisocyanates with(b) phosphorus-containing condensation products having at least 2 hydroxyl groups and obtained by condensing primary or secondary monoamines and/or polyamines optionally containing OH-groups, carbonyl compounds and dialkyl phosphites, optionally followed by alkoxylation, and(c) more than bifunctional polyethers having an average OH-number of from 150 to 500 which have been obtained by the addition of alkylene oxides, of which from 50 to 100% by weight consist of ethylene oxide, with low molecular weight starters, and(d) cyanuric acid and/or cyanuric acid derivatives, and(e) optionally water and(f) optionally other organic compounds containing isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms,are used, for example, as cavity-filling, gap-sealing or coating materials.

Abstract: Ethylene diammonium phosphates are excellent catalysts for particularly those intumescent agents which do otherwise not easily foam when exposed to heat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intumescent compositions, which may be foamed, and which are obtained by reacting:(1) polyisocyanates with(2) phosphorus-containing condensation products having at least one hydroxyl group obtainable by condensing (i) primary or secondary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic monoamines and/or polyamines, which mono- or polyamines may contain OH-groups; (ii) carbonyl compounds; and, (iii) dialkyl phosphites, and(3) polyesters containing hydroxyl groups and having OH-numbers of from 140 to 300, obtained by reacting polycarboxylic acids containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms with at least 2 polyols selected from two different groups of the following three:(a) hydroxyl compounds containing more than three OH groups and having molecular weights of up to 200,(b) hydroxyl compounds containing three OH groups and having molecular weights of up to 150,(c) hydroxyl compounds containing two OH-groups and having molecular weights of up to 80, with the proviso tha

Abstract: The present invention is directed to intumescent compositions, which may be foamed, obtained by reacting:(1) polyisocyanates,(2) phosphorus-containing condensation products having at least one hydroxyl group and obtained by condensing (i) primary or secondary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic monoamines and/or polyamines, which mono- and polyamines may contain OH groups, (ii) carbonyl compounds, and (iii) dialkyl phosphites,(3) aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acids or salts thereof, and(4) optionally, water and/or additional organic compounds containing isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: A modular block for osmotic methods of separation under pressure can be folded open and the filtration unit can easily be removed and introduced in the process. The filtration unit consists of a base plate with a membrane filter candle, and the filter candle consists of a stack of membrane filter plates. Spacers are placed between the filter plates and deflecting plates are provided to ensure zigzag penetration. The permeate transportation is displaced to the edge of the plates. The permeate issues laterally at the flange.

Abstract: A process for preparing modified polyisocyanates in which an organic polyisocyanate is reacted with a polyamine present in less than stoichiometric amount. Polyamines suitable to this process include (a) polyamines having more than three nonaromatically bound, basic nitrogen atoms of which at least two are primary and/or secondary amino nitrogen atoms, and (b) polyamine mixtures having an average of more than three nonaromatically bound, basic nitrogen atoms of which at least two are primary and/or secondary amino nitrogen atoms. These modified polyisocyanates are particularly useful starting materials for production of polyurethane plastics by the isocyanate-polyaddition process.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of non-disintegrating suspensions of inorganic fillers in polyhydroxyl compounds of the type used for the production of polyurethanes, comprising reacting a suspension of an inorganic filler in a polyhydroxyl compound with from 0.1 to 2%, by weight, of a polyisocyanate, based on the weight of the suspension, at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 200.degree. C. The invention is also directed to the use of the suspension as the polyol component in the production of cellular polyurethane plastics.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a method for improving the water storage capacity of textile substrates, particularly fleece based artificial leathers by treatment with a hydrophilizing agent. This agent, once applied to the substrate is insoluble in but swellable in water. The agent in an uncross-linked state is water soluble and has a turbidity point of between about 25.degree. and 95.degree. C. in a 25% aqueous solution. The agent may be applied to the substrate from aqueous solution and then cross-linked or it may be applied to an inert carrier such as kaolin, cross-linked and applied to the substrate from an aqueous suspension. A particularly suitable agent is a polyether with a molecular weight of between 500 and 8500, an ethylene oxide content of about 35 to 80 wt. % and cross-linkable end groups. The end groups may be self cross-linking such as vinyl groups or they may be cross-linkable via a cross-linking promoter such as hexamethylol melamine.

Abstract: A reaction product of a fatty acid ester and an organic polyisocyanate is included in a foamable reaction mixture containing an organic polyisocyanate to provide a molded product which can be removed from a mold whose surface has not been coated with conventional mold release agents.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a suspension which is stable in storage comprising:(1) 0.5 to 80%, by weight, based on the total suspension, of an inorganic filler in(2) 20 to 99.5%, by weight, based on the total suspension, of polyhydroxyl compounds containing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic combined hydroxyl groups,wherein said polyhydroxyl compounds (2) contain from 0.05 to 10% by weight based on (1)+(2) of a graft polymer and stabilizer which was produced by the free radical polymerization of(a) from 1 to 35%, by weight, based on the graft polymer, of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and(b) from 0 to 60%, by weight, based on the graft polymer, of other olefinically unsaturated monomers, in the presence of(c) from 5 to 99%, by weight, based on the graft polymer, of polyhydroxyl compounds,wherein the carboxyl groups of the graft polymer are completely or partially neutralized by organic or inorganic bases.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of non-disintegrating suspensions of inorganic fillers in polyhydroxyl compounds of the type used for the production of polyurethanes, comprising reacting a suspension of an inorganic filler in a polyhydroxyl compound with from 0.1 to 2%, by weight, of a polyisocyanate, based on the weight of the suspension, at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 200.degree. C. The invention is also directed to the use of the suspension as the polyol component in the production of cellular polyurethane plastics.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable suspensions of inorganic fillers in polyhydroxyl compounds, which are suitable for the preparation of polyurethanes, to the suspensions obtainable by this process and to their use for the preparation of polyurethanes. The suspensions are produced by grafting an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid (and optionally other olefinically unsaturated monomers) onto polyols. The presence of from 0.005 to 15% by weight of carboxyl groups in the polyol allows for the production of stable dispersion of inorganic fillers in polyols.

Abstract: A reaction product of a fatty acid ester and an organic polyisocyanate is included in a foamable reaction mixture containing an organic polyisocyanate to provide a molded product which can be removed from a mold whose surface has not been coated with conventional mold release agents.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a suspension which is stable in storage comprising:(1) 0.5 to 80%, by weight, based on the total suspension, of an inorganic filler in(2) 20 to 99.5%, by weight, based on the total suspension, of polyhydroxyl compounds containing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic combined hydroxyl groups,wherein said polyhydroxyl compounds (2) contain from 0.05 to 10% by weight based on (1)+(2) of a graft polymer and stabilizer which was produced by the free radical polymerization of(a) from 1 to 35%, by weight, based on the graft polymer, of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and(b) from 0 to 60%, by weight, based on the graft polymer, of other olefinically unsaturated monomers, in the presence of(c) from 5 to 99%, by weight, based on the graft polymer, of polyhydroxyl compounds,wherein the carboxyl groups of the graft polymer are completely or partially neutralized by organic or inorganic bases.