Abstract: Suspension bands, helmet systems, and/or the like are provided. In some embodiments, a suspension band includes: a plurality of knitted loop structures; and a plurality of knitted inlay structures, wherein the plurality of knitted inlay structures is inserted as a weft inlay stitch on, beneath, or within the plurality of knitted loop structures. In some embodiments, the suspension band includes one or more inlay sections and a reinforcement section; a greater portion of the plurality of knitted loop structures are disposed on, beneath, or within the reinforcement section than are disposed on, beneath, or within the one or more inlay sections. In some embodiments, the one or more inlay sections include a first inlay section and a second inlay section, wherein the first inlay section is disposed on a first side of the reinforcement section and the second inlay section is disposed on a second side of the reinforcement section.

Abstract: Structures including a wide band-gap semiconductor layer stack and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a layer stack on a substrate and a first dielectric layer on the layer stack. The layer stack includes semiconductor layers that comprise a wide band-gap semiconductor material. A seal ring includes a trench that penetrates through the first dielectric layer and the layer stack to the substrate, a second dielectric layer that lines the trench, and a conductor layer including first and second portions inside the trench. The trench surrounds portions of the layer stack and the first dielectric layer. The second dielectric layer includes a first portion disposed between the first portion of the conductor layer and the portion of the layer stack, and the second dielectric layer includes a second portion disposed between the second portion of the conductor layer and the portion of the first dielectric layer.

Abstract: Structures including a compound semiconductor layer stack and methods of forming such structures. The structure comprises a device region on a substrate. The device region includes a first section of a layer stack that has a plurality of semiconductor layers, and each semiconductor layer comprises a compound semiconductor material. The structure further comprises an isolation structure disposed about the section of the layer stack, and a device in the device region. The isolation structure penetrates through the layer stack to the substrate.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for determining a concentration of a target gas in a sample gas. An example method of preparing a replaceable testing material for detecting a target gas in a sample gas may include preparing a solution comprising a solute and a solvent, wherein the solute comprises o-tolidine; introducing a testing material substrate to the prepared solution for a period of time; and removing at least a portion of the solvent from the testing material substrate such that the testing material substrate comprises at least a portion of the o-tolidine, and thereby forming the replaceable testing material for detecting the target gas in the sample gas.

Abstract: In a data processing method, a first device obtains at least one service flow, where any service flow in the at least one service flow includes a plurality of code blocks, and the code block includes a data unit and a type, or the code block includes a type, a type indication, and code block content; and the first device maps the plurality of code blocks to at least one PHY link based on a coding scheme of the code blocks, where the at least one PHY link is used to transmit the plurality of code blocks.

Abstract: In a data transmission method, a first chip receives a first data stream sent by a second chip, where the first data stream is a data stream obtained through encoding by using a first forward error correction (FEC) code type; and the first chip encodes the first data stream at least once, to obtain a second data stream, where the second data stream is a concatenated FEC code stream obtained through encoding by using at least the first FEC code type and a second FEC code type.

Abstract: A method includes: a first chip receives a first data stream from a second chip, where the first data stream is obtained through encoding by using a first forward error correction (FEC) code type; and the first chip re-encodes the first data stream at least once, to obtain a second data stream, where the second data stream is a concatenated FEC code stream obtained through encoding by using at least the first FEC code type and a second FEC code type.

Abstract: This application provides a codeword synchronization method, a communication device, a chip, and a chip system, and pertains to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: entering a synchronization position determining state in response to a start signal; determining a synchronization position in a received data sequence in the synchronization position determining state, where the synchronization position indicates a start position of a codeword in the data sequence; entering a loss-of-lock detection state in response to determining the synchronization position; and verifying, in the loss-of-lock detection state, a plurality of codewords selected based on the synchronization position, and re-entering the synchronization position determining state in response to a verification failure. According to the solutions of this application, codeword synchronization can be continuously implemented without inserting an additional alignment marker, thereby saving transmission resources.

Abstract: Provided are a display method and apparatus of a live broadcast room, an electronic device, and a storage medium. The method includes displaying the live broadcast room in a first client in response to a viewing trigger operation for the live broadcast room of the first client and displaying a remote manipulation virtual object in the live broadcast room displayed in the first client in response to determining that the remote manipulation virtual object created by a second client for the live broadcast room exists.

Abstract: A method for generating an Ethernet frame includes generating the Ethernet frame including a protection field, where a protection range of the protection field includes a destination MAC address field in the Ethernet frame. A method for processing an Ethernet frame includes receiving a plurality of bytes in the Ethernet frame, where the plurality of bytes include information about the destination MAC address field and information about the protection field; and checking information within the protection range of the protection field based on the information about the protection field.

Abstract: This application discloses an encoding method including: obtaining 2n groups of code stream blocks including control blocks and data blocks; and performing first encoding on the 2n groups of code stream blocks to obtain a target code block, where the target code block includes a type determined based on the control blocks in the 2n groups of code stream blocks and a data unit determined based on the control blocks and the data blocks in the 2n groups of code stream blocks. The decoding method includes: obtaining a target code block, and performing first decoding on the target code block based on a type and a data unit of the target code block, to obtain 2n groups of code stream blocks, where each group of code stream blocks includes a control block and a data block that are obtained based on the type and the data unit.

Abstract: This application discloses an encoding method, a decoding method, an apparatus, a device, a system, and a readable storage medium. The encoding method includes: obtaining 2n groups of code stream blocks including control blocks and data blocks; and performing first encoding on the 2n groups of code stream blocks to obtain a target code block, where the target code block includes a data unit and a type that is determined based on the control blocks in the 2n groups of code stream blocks, and the data unit is obtained by performing the first encoding on the data blocks included in the 2n groups of code stream blocks in an encoding manner determined based on the control blocks and the data blocks in the 2n groups of code stream blocks.

Abstract: A fault information processing method implemented by a first interface with a physical layer (PHY) chip and a media access control layer (MAC) chip, includes, after receiving first fault information sent by a second interface communicating with the first interface, sending by the PHY chip second fault information to the MAC chip, where the first fault information indicates that the second interface detects a fault, and the second fault information indicates that the fault is from the second interface. Because the PHY chip has received the first fault information, a link between the PHY chip and the second interface is normal. Because the MAC chip can normally receive the second fault information, it indicates that communication between the PHY chip and the MAC chip is normal. The fault information processing method is used to determine the fault from the second interface.

Abstract: An interface includes a first functional part and a second functional part. The first functional part is configured to implement processing dependent on a medium access control (MAC) rate, and the second functional part is configured to implement processing independent of the MAC rate.

Abstract: This application discloses a data transmission method, apparatus, device, and system. The data transmission method includes: A first module obtains at least one channel of first data encoded based on first FEC; converts the at least one channel of first data to obtain at least one channel of second data, where a sum of rates of the at least one channel of second data is not less than a sum of rates of the at least one channel of first data; and transmits the obtained at least one channel of second data. In the method, the at least one channel of first data is converted to obtain the at least one channel of second data whose sum of rates is not less than the sum of rates of the at least one channel of first data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit (IC) structure that includes a through-metal through-substrate interconnect. The interconnect extends essentially vertically through a device level metallic feature on a frontside of a substrate, extends downward from the device level metallic feature into or completely through the substrate (e.g., to contact a backside metallic feature below), and extends upward from the device level metallic feature through interlayer dielectric (ILD) material (e.g., to contact a BEOL metallic feature above). The device level metallic feature can be, for example, a metallic source/drain region of a transistor, such as a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) or a metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MISHEMT), which is formed on the frontside of the substrate. The backside metallic feature can be a grounded metal layer. The BEOL metallic feature can be a metal wire in one of the BEOL metal levels. Also disclosed is an associated method.

Abstract: This application relates to a slot negotiation method and a device. The method includes: A transmitter sends a first FlexE overhead frame to a receiver, to request active/standby calendar switching. When the receiver is in a restart state, the receiver does not respond to the received first FlexE overhead frame. In addition, the RX sends a routine update second FlexE overhead frame to the transmitter. Determining that the second FlexE overhead frame is not a response to the first FlexE overhead frame, the transmitter sends a third FlexE overhead frame to request active/standby calendar switching again. According to the method in this application, incorrect calendar switching on the transmitter side caused by a mistaken response of the receiver can be avoided. This reduces the likelihood of a service interruption caused by the existing slot negotiation mechanism.

Abstract: An interface obtains basic page information from another interface. The basic page information includes N bits, the N bits include an FEC function indicator bit sequence including an FEC ability indicator bit and an FEC requested indicator bit. The interface determines, based on values of a plurality of bits in the N bits, an operation mode supported by the another interface. The FEC function indicator bit sequence includes a first FEC function indicator bit corresponding to m FEC abilities; or the FEC function indicator bit sequence includes a first FEC ability indicator bit corresponding to n FEC abilities, where both m and n are greater than or equal to 1. Because one FEC function indicator bit indicates more FEC abilities, N bits in a basic page can carry more information, so that a process of increasing auto-negotiation pages is slowed down, thereby avoiding impact on auto-negotiation efficiency.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to series inductors and methods of manufacture. A structure includes a plurality of wiring levels each of which include a wiring structure connected in series to one another. A second wiring level being located above a first wiring level of the plurality of wiring levels. A wiring structure on the second wiring level being at least partially outside boundaries of the wiring structure of the first wiring level.