Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a first substrate surface and a second substrate surface opposite to the first substrate surface; (b) forming a conductive film on the first substrate surface; (c) forming a catalyst film on the conductive film, the catalyst film including carbonaceous material; (d) flowing a mixture of a carrier gas and a carbon source gas over the catalyst film; (e) focusing a laser beam on the catalyst film and/or on the second substrate surface to locally heat the catalyst to a predetermined reaction temperature; and (f) growing an array of the carbon nanotubes via the catalyst film to form a field emission cathode.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cathode includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a first substrate surface and a second substrate surface opposite to the first substrate surface; (b) forming a conductive film on the first substrate surface; (c) forming a light absorption layer on the conductive film; (d) forming a catalyst film on the light absorption layer; (e) flowing a mixture of a carrier gas and a carbon source gas over the catalyst film; (f) focusing a laser beam on the catalyst film and/or on the second substrate surface to locally heat the catalyst to a predetermined reaction temperature; and (g) growing an array of the carbon nanotubes via the catalyst film to form a field emission cathode.

Abstract: A method for growing an array of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a first substrate surface and a second substrate surface opposite to the first substrate surface; (b) forming a catalyst film on the first substrate surface; (c) flowing a mixture of a carrier gas and a first carbon source gas over the catalyst film on the first substrate surface; (d) focusing a laser beam on the second substrate surface to locally heat the substrate to a predetermined reaction temperature; and (e) growing an array of the carbon nanotubes on the first substrate surface via the catalyst film.

Abstract: A method for growing an array of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; (b) forming a catalyst film on the first surface of the substrate; (c) flowing a mixture of a carrier gas and a carbon source gas over the catalyst film; (d) providing a semiconductor laser system to generate a focused laser beam; and (e) irradiating the focused laser beam on the substrate to grow an array of carbon nanotubes on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for making an array of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; (b) forming a catalyst film on the first surface of the substrate; (c) flowing a mixture of a carrier gas and a carbon source gas over the catalyst film; (d) generating a laser beam using a galvanometric scanning system, directing the laser beam toward/on one of the first surface and the second surface to locally heat the catalyst film to a predetermined temperature; and (e) growing an array of the carbon nanotubes from the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides multimerization polypeptides capable of conferring formation of multimers when the multimerization polypeptide is linked to a molecule, such as a heterologous polypeptide sequence.