Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for synthesizing combinatorial materials libraries using pyrolysis techniques. In certain embodiments, the methods involve varying the precursors and/or reactant gases in an operating pyrolysis unit to continuously vary the resulting nanoparticle composition and collecting different nanoparticles at different locations on a substrate using a spatially addressable particle collector.

Abstract: A combinatorial method for discovering or optimizing materials is disclosed. The method uses solution-based components that are mixed and dispensed into regions on a substrate for drying and/or heat-treating. The drying and/or heat-treating produces materials that can be tested for a desired property.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods to synthesize new functional materials in an effective and efficient way. These methods include physical vapor deposition and laser-assisted epitaxial growth capable of synthesizing materials comprising a plurality of precursors with similar or dissimilar chemical and/or physical properties. The designed materials are formed during the combinatorial synthesis without the necessity of post-deposition furnace heating to thermally activate simultaneous reaction and diffusion of precursor multilayers. Modulated photoreflectance spectroscopy may be used to screen regions of the library to assess deposition conditions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel hydrogen-generating, solid fuel cartridge which may be used to provide hydrogen to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The cartridge contains a mixture of the hydrogen-generating solid fuel and a catalyst. The solid fuel/catalyst mixture has a packing fraction greater than about 55 percent. Throughout the fuel/catalyst mixture is means for distributing the liquid reactant; there is also a network of hydrogen-collecting, gas permeable membranes for removing the hydrogen product from the cartridge. The hydrogen-generating solid fuel cartridge may further include a liquid reactant distribution plate for distributing the liquid reactant to the solid fuel/catalyst mixture in a substantially uniform manner. The distribution plate has distribution channels arranged in a fractal pattern.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: The combinatorial approach to materials synthesis can create vast libraries of materials. Some luminescent materials can be activated by the application of electrical current. Additionally, these materials can be activated by the application of an electron gun or some other electron source, such as a ?-emitter. In its simplest form, a library of materials can be screened for luminescence by placing the library in a position to collect beta particles emitted from radioactive ?-emitters.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of reducing the bandgap of a metal oxide by alloying a binary oxide with a Group VI element that is isovalent with oxygen. The Group VI element substitutes for at least a portion of the oxygen in the binary oxide to form the alloyed, ternary oxide. Such ternary oxide electrodes are useful as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical cells that spontaneously, as a result of solar power, cleave (split) water molecules to produce hydrogen gas. Exemplary ternary metal oxide alloys useful in the present embodiments include W[(VI)xO1?x]3 and Ti[(VI)xO1?x]2, and the Group VI element may be S, Se, and Te, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: Novel systems of an evanescent microwave probe (EWP) are disclosed, which enable measurements of physical properties of a sample with enhanced sensitivity and resolution, simultaneously. In one embodiment, new shielding features are added to the probe (which may be of either a sharpened tip or loop configuration) to reduce the effects of residual far field radiation, while maintaining the probe section that extends beyond the shielding aperture of the resonator. To further increase the sensitivity of the instrument, an automatic gain-controlled active feedback loop system may be added to the probe resonator to form a self-oscillator. This new active circuit feature significantly increases the effective Q of the resonator probe, enhancing the sensitivity of both the frequency and Q measurement.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to apparatus and methodology of thermal applicators in cancer therapy. In particular, the present embodiments are directed to a technique called “nanoparticle ferromagnetic resonance heating,” where ferromagnetic resonance heating in addition to an RF hyperthermia treatment is used to cause cell apoptosis and necrosis. An apparatus for carrying out a ferromagnetic resonance heating treatment of a tumor, comprises a volume concentration of super paramagnetic particles contained within the interior of the tumor, the concentration ranging from about 0.1 to about 1 percent; a magnetic field source configured to deliver a gradient DC magnetic field to the region of the tumor; and an energy source configured to deliver to the tumor an RF field at a frequency ranging from about 100 to 200 MHz.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: Methods and systems for spatially resolved spin resonance detection in a sample of material are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and systems for spatially resolved impedance measurements in a sample of material. The disclosed methods and samples can be used in screening of plurality of biological, chemical and material samples.

Abstract: A scanning evanescent microwave microscope (SEMM) that uses near-field evanescent electromagnetic waves to probe sample properties is disclosed. The SEMM is capable of high resolution imaging and quantitative measurements of the electrical properties of the sample. The SEMM has the ability to map dielectric constant, loss tangent, conductivity, electrical impedance, and other electrical parameters of materials. Such properties are then used to provide distance control over a wide range, from to microns to nanometers, over dielectric and conductive samples for a scanned evanescent microwave probe, which enable quantitative non-contact and submicron spatial resolution topographic and electrical impedance profiling of dielectric, nonlinear dielectric and conductive materials. The invention also allows quantitative estimation of microwave impedance using signals obtained by the scanned evanescent microwave probe and quasistatic approximation modeling.

Abstract: A novel spin resonance microscope is disclosed, the microscope design comprising an integrated evanescent wave probe and scanning tunneling microscope tip. The probe and tip may be either the same structure, or they may be separate structures. The integrated design allows for coherent excitation of precessing electron spin states in the sample such that spin resonance may be detected because the tunneling current is modulated by the spin resonance. Spin resonance may be affected by either adjacent nuclei, or by adjacent electrons. The present apparatus requires significantly reduced power inputs, such that the dead time of the system is short, and relaxation phenomena may be evaluated without swamping the instrument's electronics.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed toward the field of spintronics, and in particular, systems and devices capable of performing spin coherent quantum logic operations. The inventive spin valve comprises two ferromagnetic electrode layers, and a non-magnetic conducting layer positioned therebetween. An external magnetic field {right arrow over (B)}0 is applied in the Z direction, such that the two electrode layers are each magnetized in a direction substantially parallel to the external magnetic field. Rather than attempting to change the magnetization of one of the ferromagnetic layers, as is the case in prior art technologies, it is the direction of the electron spin that is manipulated in the present embodiments while the electron is traveling through the middle, nonmagnetic layer. One of the ferromagnetic electrodes may be the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM).

Abstract: High throughput screening of catalyst libraries may be performed using spin resonance techniques, and an evanescent wave probe developed by the present inventors. The probe may operate using either nuclear magnetic resonance or electron spin resonance techniques. In one configuration, a scanning evanescent wave spin resonance probe is used in conjunction with a library of catalysts or other materials, and localized detection of spin resonance is carried out at each library address. In another configuration, the evanescent wave probe is used in a micro-reactor array assay.

Abstract: Novel systems of an evanescent microwave probe (EWP) are disclosed, which enable measurements of physical properties of a sample with enhanced sensitivity and resolution, simultaneously. In one embodiment, new shielding features are added to the probe (which may be of either a sharpened tip or loop configuration) to reduce the effects of residual far field radiation, while maintaining the probe section that extends beyond the shielding aperture of the resonator. To further increase the sensitivity of the instrument, an automatic gain-controlled active feedback loop system may be added to the probe resonator to form a self-oscillator. This new active circuit feature significantly increases the effective Q of the resonator probe, enhancing the sensitivity of both the frequency and Q measurement.