Abstract: This application provides a random access method, an apparatus, and a system, which are applied to the field of communication technologies. The random access method provided in this application includes: First, a terminal device obtains first configuration information, where the first configuration information indicates a maximum quantity of repeated sending times of a preamble, and the maximum quantity of repeated sending times of the preamble is greater than 200. Then, the terminal device sends one or more preambles to a network device based on the first configuration information. According to the method, a current maximum quantity of repeated sending times of the preamble is extended, so that a decoding threshold for decoding the preamble by the network device is reduced, and a low uplink budget requirement of some scenarios can be met.

Abstract: A communication method includes determining a reserved carrier in a bandwidth part (BWP) based on a tone reservation (TR) pattern and a first correspondence. The TR pattern includes a set of subcarriers used as reserved carriers. The first correspondence is a correspondence between an index that is of a subcarrier in the TR pattern and that is in the TR pattern and an index that is of the subcarrier in the TR pattern and that is based on a first common resource block (CRB). The communication method further includes outputting a time domain signal based on the reserved carrier in the BWP.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a communication method and a communication apparatus. The communication method includes the communication apparatus determining to use a reserved tone, determining a reference signal pattern and a tone reservation (TR) pattern, and performing data transmission based on the reference signal pattern and the TR pattern. The reference signal pattern includes a first reference signal sub-pattern and a second reference signal sub-pattern, and the second reference signal sub-pattern is an offset of the first reference signal sub-pattern in time domain and/or frequency domain. According to the method, a reference signal pattern having a plurality of different sub-patterns may be provided, so that reference signals are unevenly distributed on a bandwidth.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a signal measurement method and a communication apparatus. A terminal obtains measurement configuration information, where the measurement configuration information includes information about at least one satellite cell and a measurement time range of the at least one satellite cell, the at least one satellite cell includes a first satellite cell, a measurement time range of the first satellite cell is all or a part of a time length in which a coverage area of the first satellite cell is in a first area, and the first area is an area in which the terminal is located. The terminal measures a signal of the at least one satellite cell in the first area based on the measurement configuration information, to obtain a metric, where the metric indicates a signal quality fluctuation of the at least one satellite cell in the measurement time range.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to random access preamble transmission methods, apparatuses, and storage mediums. In one example method, a terminal device determines, based on a target sub-coverage area to which the terminal device belongs in a preset coverage area of a network device, target random access preamble format information corresponding to the target sub-coverage area. Then, the terminal device sends, to the network device on a target time-frequency resource indicated by target random access preamble time-frequency resource information corresponding to the target random access preamble format information, a random access preamble corresponding to the target random access preamble format information.

Abstract: The photobiomodulation apparatus (and method of use) of the present invention comprises one or more light sources which are integrated into a transparent flexible mouthpiece housing containing a semi rigid support member for providing photobiomodulation therapy to the oral mucosa of a cancer patient suffering from, or at risk of, Oral Mucositis. The light sources can be either internal, or external to the transparent flexible mouthpiece housing, and either lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs), lamps, or any other types of light sources which produce therapeutic light in a desired wavelength range. The therapeutic light is delivered through the transparent flexible mouthpiece housing to the oral mucosa. The delivered light produces a photochemical and photophysical process e.g. increase the blood flow and circulation. This photochemical and photophysical process helps to reduce the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in cancer patients and helps improve outcomes of cancer therapy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a terminal device receives first information from an access device, and determines a first bandwidth part (BWP) of an access beam of the terminal device based on the received first information and a second BWP configured for the access beam of the terminal device. Then, the terminal device communicates with the access device in the determined first BWP by using the access beam. The first information indicates a relationship between the first BWP and the second BWP. The second BWP is a dedicated BWP configured for the access beam of the terminal device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to network switching methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a beam that currently provides a service for a terminal device is a first beam. The first beam is generated by a first network device. The first network device obtains user information of the terminal device, and obtains switching information based on the user information. After the first network device sends the switching information to the terminal device, the terminal device can perform beam switching based on the switching information.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and a related apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: A terminal device obtains N sending configurations. Any one of the N sending configurations is used to generate a sounding signal to be sent to any one of M non-terrestrial devices, N sounding signals generated based on the N sending configurations are orthogonal, an overlapping region exists between M cells corresponding to the M non-terrestrial devices, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is an integer greater than or equal to N. The terminal device obtains first information.

Abstract: A communication method includes determining a first bandwidth BW1, determining a second reserved tone pattern based on the first bandwidth BW1 and a first reserved tone pattern, and receiving or sending data based on the second reserved tone pattern. The first reserved tone pattern is a first tone index set corresponding to first reserved tones. The second reserved tone pattern is a second tone index set corresponding to second reserved tones. The second reserved tone pattern includes x translated first reserved tone patterns. A bandwidth corresponding to the first reserved tone pattern is a second bandwidth BW2, where x=int(BW1/BW2), and int represents a rounding function.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method includes: A first device receives first information, determines a target TR pattern based on the first information, and sends information or demodulates received information based on the target TR pattern, where the target TR pattern is a sub-pattern of a longest TR pattern, and the longest TR pattern includes a set of sub-carriers used as reserved tones. The longest TR pattern may include a plurality of TR sub-patterns of different lengths. For example, a first TR pattern of a first length is a sub-pattern of the longest TR pattern, and a second TR pattern of a second length is also a subset of the longest TR pattern. The TR sub-patterns of different lengths may correspond to different carrier bandwidths or quantities of RBs.

Abstract: A phototherapy apparatus with interactive user interface for treating biological tissue of an animal or human target. The user interface comprises intuitive graphic menus which allow the clinicians or practitioners to define the properties of the biological tissue through easily observable physical characteristics such as weight, skin color, and hair color of the patient. The central control unit of the phototherapy apparatus then automatically optimizes the parameters of the light source according to the properties of the biological tissue and generates an appropriate treatment protocol to produce the optimum phototherapy result.

Abstract: This invention provides a UV spectroscopy apparatus and method for controlled drug waste diversion detection. The spectroscopy apparatus employs sample cells which have optimized optical path length such that the measured maximum absorbance of the drug is less than the detection limit of the system. Hence the full unsaturated absorption spectrum of the drug is revealed in the UV wavelength region from 230 nm (or even down to 195 nm) to 400 nm. This full spectrum analysis improves the specificity for drug identification and the accuracy for drug concentration verification. The spectral library of the apparatus comprises the spectra of common controlled drugs, excipients, as well as typical diluents, which enables the identification of controlled drugs from different manufacturers and/or diluted with different types of diluents.

Abstract: There is provided a phototherapy apparatus, in which the therapeutic light is delivered through or in proximity to one or more massage components. The massage component provides mechanical massage to the subject biological tissue and modifies the properties of the subject tissue in thickness, density, etc. to facilitate the absorption of the therapeutic light and enhance the effect of the phototherapy procedure.

Abstract: A method includes: A transmit end obtains P QAM symbols; the transmit end performs IDWT or DWT on the P QAM symbols, to obtain a first signal matrix with N rows and M columns, and transposes the first signal matrix, to obtain a transposed first transpose matrix, where P, N, and M are all positive integers; and the transmit end outputs the transposed first transpose matrix. Correspondingly, a receive end obtains a second signal matrix with M rows and N columns; the receive end transposes the second signal matrix, to obtain a transposed second transpose matrix; and performs DWT or IDWT on the second transpose matrix, to obtain P QAM symbols.

Abstract: An ephemeris information indication method and an apparatus are provided. In the method, a terminal device receives ephemeris information in a time window, where the ephemeris information corresponds to a system information modification period in which the time window is located. The terminal device determines, based on the system information modification period and a start position of the system information modification period, the system information modification period in which the time window is located. The terminal device determines the ephemeris information reference time based on an end position of a 1st time window in the system information modification period in which the time window is located.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a timing advance determining method and a communication apparatus, to improve precision of calculating a timing advance (TA) by a terminal, and reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI). The method includes: A first network device determines a first parameter based on a first delay compensation value, where the first delay compensation value is a delay compensation made by the first network device for receiving a signal sent by a terminal, the first parameter indicates a difference between a round-trip delay of a feeder link in a non-terrestrial network NTN and the first delay compensation value, and the difference is used to determine a TA used by the terminal for signal sending; and the first network device sends the first parameter.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium for rendering. The method for rendering comprises: determining colors of predetermined areas on a target object, the number of predetermined areas being at least a predetermined number, which is greater than 1; determining a target color superimposed to a target position according to the color of each predetermined area; superimposing the target color at the target position.

Abstract: Example communication methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes generating a first signal and sending a first signal, where the first signal includes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a first-type cyclic prefix (CP), and a second-type CP. CP resources of the first-type CP include two types of CP resources: a first CP resource and a second CP resource. CP resources of the second-type CP include one type of CP resource, that is, the second CP resource. The first CP resource may be used to carry data that is different from data carried on the OFDM symbol. The second CP resource may be used to carry data that is the same as the data carried on the OFDM symbol.

Abstract: This application provides example communication methods, apparatuses, and systems. This application may be applied to the non-terrestrial communication network and the terminal device. The non-terrestrial communication network can include a cell set. The cell set can include a plurality of non-terrestrial transmission points, and the plurality of non-terrestrial transmission points have a same time-frequency resource. One example method includes sending information about the cell set, where the information about the cell set includes identification information of the cell set, resource configuration information of the cell set, and position information of at least one non-terrestrial transmission point in the plurality of non-terrestrial transmission points The cell set is used to communicate with the terminal device.