Abstract: This application relates to a secondary battery and an apparatus including the secondary battery. Specifically, the secondary battery of this application includes a negative electrode plate, where the negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and negative film layers where the negative film layers include a first negative film layer and a second negative film layer, the first negative film layer is disposed on at least one surface of the negative current collector and includes a first negative active material, and the second negative film layer is disposed on the first negative film layer and includes a second negative active material; the first negative active material includes natural graphite, and the second negative active material includes artificial graphite; the first negative active material satisties 4.0?COI1?7.0; and the second negative active material satisties 2.2?COI2?4.2.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for determining fast charge performance of a negative electrode plate and a method for designing a negative electrode plate. By utilizing the method(s) according to the present application, the charging speed of a negative electrode plate can be quickly evaluated and the design period of a negative electrode plate in a fast charge battery can be greatly shortened.

Abstract: Systems and method are provided for conducting an auction to match an advertising payload to an available advertising impression. In the auction, a dynamic floor price is provided. The dynamic floor price provides a way for a publisher to incorporate the internal value of the available impression into the auction process, while still allowing the publisher to maximize the value of the available impression by exposing the impression to bids from outside parties. The dynamic floor price can be calculated based on both internal valuations of an available impression as well as external valuations derived from feedback from prior auctions. To facilitate determination of a dynamic floor prices, advertisers and available impressions can be categorized into various segments.