Abstract: An improved CMOS CDS circuit which can operate on 2.7 volts, provides increased noise immunity and can handle a 0.8 volts maximum signal input. The present invention provides internal capacitors to isolate the input pads. The present invention also provides switches and capacitors to perform a sample and hold function on every pixel value.

Abstract: A programmable gain amplifier which can be realized using CMOS transistors. The amplifier provides a plurality of linear gain segments, with each of the gain segments having a different gain. A particular combination of the gain segments are selected using a digital control input to give an approximation of a linear dB output. By appropriately choosing the segments and how they combine, an approximation that is accurate to the least significant bit of a digital system can be provided.

Abstract: A circuit technique for implementing programmable zeros in high speed CMOS filters is disclosed. The circuit uses both PMOS and NMOS type transconductance elements to implement a biquad with a real zero and two complex poles. The NMOS transconductance element is biased by the total bias current required by several PMOS transconductance elements and can thus provide larger transconductance as required by the equalization function. Programmability is achieved by dividing the NMOS transconductance elements into a plurality of identical sub-elements that are connected in parallel via digitally programmable switches.

Abstract: A circuit technique for improving high frequency performance of current-controlled transconductor elements in transconductance-capacitance (g.sub.m -C) based monolithic filters. The circuit detects the output impedance of the transconductance transistors inside the transconductor element, regenerates and applies a negative conductance to the output of the transconductor. By cancelling the transistor output impedance, the total differential mode output impedance of the transconductor element can be maximized.