Abstract: A physical layer device includes a converter module to convert input data having a first predetermined number of bits into output data having a second predetermined number of bits. A scrambler module is operable to be activated and deactivated. The scrambler module receives the output data having the second predetermined number of bits. An encoding module modulates the output of the scrambler module in accordance with one of a plurality of modulation types and generates an encoded output signal having an output level. The encoding module is operable to vary the output levels of the encoded output signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for blind equalizers with multiple constant modules. In one embodiment, a circuit, includes: a filter to produce an output based on an input that represents a symbol being received, the symbol being one of a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) constellation; a decision engine coupled to the filter to generate a result indicating one region of a plurality of regions in a QAM constellation diagram, the output of the filter being in the indicated region which includes a plurality of symbols of different radii in the constellation diagram; and an error reduction engine coupled to the decision engine and the filter to reduce a difference between a selected one of a plurality of constants and a modulus of the output; where each of the plurality of constants correspond to one of the plurality of regions; and the selected one of the plurality of constants is selected according to the result of the decision engine.

Abstract: An adaptive analog echo/near-end crosstalk (NEXT) cancellation system includes a selector that outputs a first error control signal when a first receive signal does not include a remotely transmitted signal and a second error control signal when the first receive signal includes a remotely transmitted signal. An echo/NEXT cancellation module communicates with the selector and generates an estimated echo/NEXT signal based on the first error control signal and a first transmit signal when the first receive signal does not include a remotely transmitted signal and based on the second error control signal and the first transmit signal when the first receive signal includes a remotely transmitted signal. A summing module receives the first receive signal and the estimated echo/NEXT signal and generates an echo/NEXT filtered receive signal by subtracting the estimated echo/NEXT signal from the first receive signal.

Abstract: Circuits, systems, methods and software for controlling a power conversion and/or correcting and/or controlling a power factor in such conversion(s). The present invention generally takes a computational approach to reducing or minimizing zero current periods in the critical mode of power converter operation, and advantageously reduces zero current periods in the critical mode of power converter operation, thereby maximizing the power factor of the power converter in the critical mode and reducing noise that may be injected back into AC power lines. The present power factor controller allows for greater design flexibility, reduced design complexity, and reduced resolution and greater tolerance for error in certain parameter measurements useful in power factor correction and/or control.

Abstract: A physical layer device comprises a mode selector that selects a mode. A clock selects a clock frequency from T clock frequencies based on the mode. A converter module selects one of N mapping functions based on the mode and converts an n-bit input to an m-bit output based on the selected one of the N mapping functions. A scrambler module scrambles the m-bit output or passes the m-bit output unchanged based on the mode. An encoding module modulates the m-bit output based on the selected clock frequency and one of M modulation modes selected based on the mode, where T, n, m, N and M are integers greater than one and n is not equal to m.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus describe techniques for reducing interference signals in a communication signal. A communication signal is received through a receiver. The communication signal contains an interference signal. A digital replica of the interference signal is generated, the digital replica is converted into a corresponding analog replica of the interference signal. The analog replica of the interference signal is subtracted from the communication signal.

Abstract: A nonlinear echo compensator comprises a mapping circuit that includes a weighting circuit that generates a weighted signal based on a current symbol and a prior symbol and a function generating circuit that selects one of N functions based on the weighted signal, where N is an integer greater than one. The mapping circuit generates a driving signal based on the selected one of the N functions and the weighted signal. A canceling circuit generates a nonlinear echo compensation signal based on the driving signal.

Abstract: A nonlinear echo compensator compensates for nonlinear echo in a transceiver including a transmitter line driver with current cells that are operated in a Class B operating mode. A mapping circuit generates a pattern dependent driving signal. A coefficient generator generates a compensator coefficient. A canceling circuit communicates with the mapping circuit and the coefficient generator and compensates for nonlinear echo in a received signal based on the pattern dependent driving signal and the compensator coefficient.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a personal television broadcasting system includes one or more television receivers; and a television signal transmitter coupled to one of: a personal computer, a set top box, a game console, and a portable video player to broadcast video content to the one or more television receivers that are limited within a range of a personal area. In one embodiment, a television signal transmitter is integrated with one of: a personal computer, a set top box, a game console, and a portable video player.

Abstract: Circuits, systems, methods and software for controlling a power conversion and/or correcting and/or controlling a power factor in such conversion(s). The present invention generally takes a computational approach to reducing or minimizing zero current periods in the critical mode of power converter operation, and advantageously reduces zero current periods in the critical mode of power converter operation, thereby maximizing the power factor of the power converter in the critical mode and reducing noise that may be injected back into AC power lines. The present power factor controller allows for greater design flexibility, reduced design complexity, and reduced resolution and greater tolerance for error in certain parameter measurements useful in power factor correction and/or control.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for blind equalizers with multiple constant modules. In one embodiment, a circuit, includes: a filter to produce an output based on an input that represents a symbol being received, the symbol being one of a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) constellation; a decision engine coupled to the filter to generate a result indicating one region of a plurality of regions in a QAM constellation diagram, the output of the filter being in the indicated region which includes a plurality of symbols of different radii in the constellation diagram; and an error reduction engine coupled to the decision engine and the filter to reduce a difference between a selected one of a plurality of constants and a modulus of the output; where each of the plurality of constants correspond to one of the plurality of regions; and the selected one of the plurality of constants is selected according to the result of the decision engine.

Abstract: A physical layer device for a network device comprises a converter module that selectively converts an n-bit input to an m-bit output based on first and second mapping functions. A scrambler module selectively scrambles the m-bit output. An encoding module receives the m-bit output from the scrambler module and selectively maps the m-bit output based on the first mapping function to X level output signals and the m-bit output based on the second mapping function to Y level output signals, where X and Y are integers greater than one and X is different than Y.

Abstract: A physical layer device for a network device comprises a converter module that selectively converts an n-bit input to an m-bit output based on first and second mapping functions. A scrambler module selectively scrambles the m-bit output. An encoding module receives the m-bit output from the scrambler module and selectively maps the m-bit output based on the first mapping function to three level output signals and the m-bit output based on the second mapping function to four level output signals.

Abstract: In a digital information processing system wherein a model of a finite state machine (FSM) receiving a plurality of FSM inputs and producing a plurality of FSM outputs is represented by a reduced-state trellis and wherein the FSM inputs are defined on a base closed set of symbols, a novel method is presented for updating soft decision information on the FSM inputs into higher confidence information whereby (1) the soft decision information is inputted in a first index set, (2) a forward recursion is processed on the input soft decision information based on the reduced-state trellis representation to produce forward state metrics, (3) a backward recursion is processed on the input soft decision information based on the reduced-state trellis representation to produce backward state metrics, wherein the backward recursion is independent of the forward recursion and (4) the forward state metrics and the backward state metrics are operated on to produce the higher confidence information.

Abstract: In a digital information processing system wherein a model of a finite state machine (FSM) receiving a plurality of FSM inputs and producing a plurality of FSM outputs is represented by a reduced-state trellis and wherein the FSM inputs are defined on a base closed set of symbols, a novel method is presented for updating soft decision information on the FSM inputs into higher confidence information whereby (1) the soft decision information is inputted in a first index set, (2) a forward recursion is processed on the input soft decision information based on the reduced-state trellis representation to produce forward state metrics, (3) a backward recursion is processed on the input soft decision information based on the reduced-state trellis representation to produce backward state metrics, wherein the backward recursion is independent of the forward recursion and (4) the forward state metrics and the backward state metrics are operated on to produce the higher confidence information.