Abstract: Techniques are provided for obtaining environmental information using radio frequency sensing by one or more wireless devices. An example method of crowd sensing and/or environmental detection using radio frequency sensing with one or more wireless devices includes providing radio frequency sensing assistance data to one or more wireless devices, receiving radio frequency sensing reports from the one or more wireless devices, determining one or more environmental characteristics based on the radio frequency sensing reports. Environmental characteristics can include a location or movement of one or more target objects, or attributes of one or more target objects (e.g., one or many people, vehicles, animals, drones or other target objects), or any combinations thereof. This may assist with monitoring of a crowd or road traffic and/or with identifying and tracking a particular person or vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for aliasing removal for wireless channel captures. In an aspect, a wireless station (STA) may estimate a wireless channel to produce a first frequency domain (FD) channel estimate. The STA may anti-alias the first FD channel estimate to produce a second FD channel estimate, wherein anti-aliasing the first FD channel estimate to produce a second FD channel estimate comprises removing, from the first FD channel estimate, signal energy associated with signals having a delay spread larger than a maximum tolerable delay spread. The STA may tone-decimate the second FD channel estimate to produce a third FD channel estimate. The STA may store the third FD channel estimate as a channel capture. In some aspects, the STA may send the channel capture to another entity as channel capture feedback, may performing a sensing operation using the channel capture, or both.

Abstract: A hierarchical porous all-silica molecular sieve is provided. The 31P MAS NMR spectrum of the molecular sieve shows three characteristic peaks at chemical shifts of ?5±1 ppm, ?34±1 ppm and ?61±1 ppm, wherein the peak intensity of the characteristic peak at the chemical shift of ?5±1 ppm is recorded as N1, the peak intensity of the characteristic peak at the chemical shift of ?34±1 ppm is recorded as N2, and the peak intensity of the characteristic peak at the chemical shift of ?61±1 ppm is recorded as N3, then X1 as defined by formula (1) is in the range of 0.10-0.30; X1=N1/N3 (1); and X2 as defined by formula (2) is in the range of 0.15-0.45; X2=N2/N3 (2). When the molecular sieve is used in the gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction of cyclohexanone oxime, the selectivity of the caprolactam product and the catalyst life can be improved.

Abstract: A titanium silicalite molecular sieve with a hierarchical porous structure is provided. The spectral peaks of the 1H MAS NMR spectrum of the titanium silicalite molecular sieve in the chemical shift range of 1-6 ppm are separated to obtain five spectral peaks whose chemical shifts corresponding to the peak positions are 1.8±0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm±0.1 ppm, 2.8 ppm±0.1 ppm, 3.8±0.1 ppm and 4.6±0.1 ppm, respectively. The peak areas of the peaks satisfy specific proportional relationships. The molecular sieve has significantly enhanced anti-deactivation performance and can significantly improve the cyclohexanone oxime conversion rate and the caprolactam selectivity when used in the cyclohexanone oxime gas-phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a sensing device may transmit a first Layer 2 (L2) data packet that includes a Layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame. The sensing device may receive a second L2 data packet that includes a response to the L2.5 frame. Motion data indicating whether an object is moving may be generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response associated with receiving the second L2 data packet. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless sensing. In an aspect, a sensing node may transmit a sensing reference signal via one or more first antennas of a first radio of the sensing node, wherein the first radio operates according to a first radio access technology (RAT). The sensing node may receive reflections of the sensing reference signal via one or more second antennas of one or more second radios of the sensing node, wherein the one or more second radios operate according to one or more second RATs.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing Wi-Fi positioning based contact tracing. An example method for reporting signal measurements to a contact tracing network includes activating a contact tracing application on a user equipment based on a proximity to the contact tracing network, receiving one or more measurement signals from a station in the contact tracing network, and reporting a signal measurement and station identification to a network entity.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques for extended reality optimizations using radio frequency (RF) sensing. An example method can include obtaining RF sensing data; determining, based on the RF sensing data, reflected paths of one or more reflected RF signals, each reflected RF signal including a reflection of a transmitted signal from one or more objects in physical space; comparing the one or more reflected paths, to a field-of-view (FOV) of an image sensor of the device; and based on the comparison, triggering an action by the device and/or the image sensor.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to calibrate its radio frequency (RF) sensor(s) using an optical sensor or a calibrated RF sensor. In one aspect, a first UE estimates a first distance between the first UE and a second UE using at least one of an optical sensor or a calibrated RF-based ranging mechanism. The first UE estimates a second distance between the first UE and the second UE using a non-calibrated RF-based ranging mechanism. The first UE computes an offset that indicates a difference between the estimated first distance and the estimated second distance, where the offset is associated with the non-calibrated RF-based ranging mechanism between the first UE and the second UE. The first UE outputs an indication of the offset that indicates the difference between the estimated first distance and the estimated second distance.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve the accuracy and reliability of radio frequency (RF) sensing performed by wireless devices, which may include detection of living objects with minimal movements (e.g., breathing). In one aspect, a UE receives a set of signals over a time period, where each signal in the set of signals includes a superposition of multipath signals traversed by the signal and a leakage signal. The UE filters out the leakage signal from each signal in the set of signals to obtain the superposition of the multipath signals for each signal. The UE detects whether there is a variance across the filtered set of signals over the time period. The UE identifies a presence of at least one moving object in response to the detection of the variance.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques for detecting audio sources and configuring acoustic device settings. For instance, a wireless device can obtain a first set of radio frequency (RF) sensing data associated with a first plurality of received waveforms corresponding to a first transmitted waveform reflected off of a plurality of reflectors. Based on the first set of RF sensing data, the wireless device can determine a classification of a first reflector from the plurality of reflectors. The wireless device can determine at least one acoustic setting based on the classification of the at least one reflector.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a method performed by a receiving entity includes: receiving, from a transmitting entity, a first physical layer identity matrix (PHY ID) for the transmitting entity; receiving, from the transmitting entity, an encrypted ranging message; calculating a second PHY ID for the transmitting entity based on the encrypted ranging message; and authenticating the encrypted ranging message based on a comparison of the first PHY ID and the second PHY ID. Upon determining that the encrypted ranging message is authentic, the encrypted ranging message is decrypted to produce a decrypted ranging message and processing the decrypted ranging message. In some aspects, upon determining that the encrypted ranging message is not authentic, the encrypted ranging message is not processed (e.g., ignored or discarded). In some aspects, the receiving entity rejects further signal transmission and ranging procedures with the device thereby preventing successful attack.

Abstract: In some implementations, a device may obtain channel state information (CSI) corresponding to each subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers in a set of RF transmissions comprising at least the plurality of subcarriers. The device may extract phase information of the CSI corresponding to each subcarrier and determine, for each subcarrier, a frequency spectrum from the phase information of the CSI, where the frequency spectrum comprises phase change values of the CSI corresponding to the respective subcarrier for a plurality of frequencies. The device may determine a breathing rate from the frequency spectrum of the CSI corresponding to a subcarrier set comprising one or more of the subcarriers, the breathing rate corresponding to a phase change value in the frequency spectrum within a predetermined range of frequencies for breathing rates. The device may output an indication of the determined breathing rate.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure are directed to LOS path instructions for a user of a UE. In a particular aspect, after detection of an NLOS path, the LOS path instructions provide guidance on how the user may move and/or reorient to (re)-establish a LOS path. In a particular aspect, the LOS path instructions are based on a trajectory of the UE over a period of time (e.g., by tracking the UE trajectory over a period of time which caused the LOS-to-NLOS path transition in the first place, the user can be guided back to the location where the LOS path was available). Further aspects of the disclosure are directed to round trip time (RTT) correction (e.g., based on a non-linear combination of multiple RTT measurements and/or an estimated displacement).

Abstract: Systems and techniques are provided for voice recognition assisted by radio frequency (RF) sensing. For example, a process for voice recognition assisted by radio frequency (RF) sensing can include obtaining, at a voice user interface (UI) device, audio data comprising a voice command from a speaking entity; obtaining RF sensing data corresponding to the audio data; processing the audio data to determine an audio voice command output; processing the RF sensing data to determine an RF sensing voice command output; determining the voice command based on the audio voice command output and the RF sensing voice command output; and performing, at the voice UI device, an operation based on the voice command.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques for extended reality optimizations using radio frequency (RF) sensing. An example method can include obtaining RF sensing data; determining, based on the RF sensing data, reflected paths of one or more reflected RF signals, each reflected RF signal including a reflection of a transmitted signal from one or more objects in physical space; comparing the one or more reflected paths, to a field-of-view (FOV) of an image sensor of the device; and based on the comparison, triggering an action by the device and/or the image sensor.

Abstract: In some implementations, a passive station (PSTA) may determine one or more responding station (RSTA)-initiating station (ISTA) pairs from a plurality of RSTAs and a plurality of ISTAs, based on one or more measurements of one or more radio frequency (RF) signals received from stations of the plurality of RSTAs and ISTAs. In addition, the PSTA may obtain ranging measurements determined based on packets transmitted between the one or more RSTA-ISTA pairs. The PSTA may determine a location estimate of the PSTA based on the ranging measurements.

Abstract: A first device includes a processor coupled to a memory that stores synchronization information. The processor sends a discovery message to a sensing device of a system that includes the sensing device, a second device, and a server associated with a media service. The processor receives, from the server, a shared media invitation received based on the sent discovery message. The processor sends, to the server, a response indicating approval to initiate a shared media session with the second device. The processor establishes the shared media session with the second device based on a first media stream received from the server and based on the synchronization information. The first media content associated with the first media stream is output, at the first device, in tandem with second media content that is the same as the first media content and associated with a second media stream received at the second device.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for performing a single-sided ranging operation. In some implementations, a first device transmits a first frame to a wireless station (STA), and receives a second frame from the STA responsive to the first frame. The first device obtains information indicating a time period between transmission of the first frame and reception of the second frame by the first device, and obtains information indicating time delays associated with a plurality of second devices, where each of the time delays is between respective receptions of the first frame and the second frame by a respective one of the second devices. The first device obtains a position of the STA based on the time period, the time delays associated with the plurality of second devices, and signal propagation times between the first device and each of the plurality of second devices.

Abstract: Provided is a metal purification device and method based on a mass-to-charge ratio difference. The metal purification device includes a vacuum chamber, and an ion excitation chamber and an electromagnetic separation chamber that are arranged in the vacuum chamber. The ion excitation chamber and the electromagnetic separation chamber are arranged side by side. The vacuum chamber is configured to provide a vacuum purification environment or an inert gas-filled purification environment. The ion excitation chamber is configured to excite an impurity-containing metal sample to produce ionized atoms with different mass-to-charge ratios. A plurality of collectors are provided in the electromagnetic separation chamber, and the electromagnetic separation chamber is configured to provide an electric field and a magnetostatic field.