Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve the performance of mobile/computer applications. Aspects presented herein may enable mobile/computer applications to differentiate entities that are associated with UEs or entities running the navigations applications, thereby enabling the mobile/computer applications (or their associated servers) to have a more accurate understanding of the conditions surrounding the UEs and their users. In one aspect, a network node obtains first information including at least one feature associated with a plurality of devices. The network node selects a first subset of the plurality of devices for a measurement based on the at least one feature associated with the plurality of devices (or the network node may exclude a second subset of the plurality of devices from the measurement).

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless sensing. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) detects an object and a direction to the object in an environment of the UE, determines whether the object is a human, identifies, based on the object being the human, a sensitive body part of the human, and performs, based on identification of the sensitive body part, a maximum power exposure (MPE) mitigation operation.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may obtain radio frequency (RF) sensing information indicating at least one of movement information associated with the UE or environment information associated with the UE. The UE may communicate, with a network entity, using a communication parameter that is based at least in part on the RF sensing information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for radio frequency (RF) sensing using a single wireless device. An example method for determining a distance to an object with radio frequency sensing includes transmitting a radio frequency signal with a transmit channel on a wireless device, receiving a leakage signal with a receive channel on the wireless device at a first time, such that the leakage signal is based on the radio frequency signal, receiving a reflected signal with the receive channel on the wireless device at a second time, such that the reflected signal is based on the radio frequency signal reflecting from the object, and determining the distance to the object based at least in part on a difference between the first time and the second time.

Abstract: Ranging operations may be performed between an initiator device and a responder device using data frames as opposed to fine timing measurement (FTM) frames or Null Data Packet (NDP) frames. An initiator device may request the responder device to perform a ranging operation. The responder device may transmit a data frame to the initiator device and may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) frame from the responder device. The responder device may transmit a second data frame to the initiator device that includes ranging measurement information for the previous message exchange, including a time of departure of the data frame and a time of arrival of the ACK frame. Because data frames are encrypted, the ranging measurement information is provided in a secure manner. Moreover, by including the ranging measurement information in data frames, throughput for the ranging procedure is improved.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing wireless devices to detect and classify barriers between devices. An example method for determining barrier type information includes: estimating a range value based on a time-of-flight measurement; determining an expected received signal strength value based on the range value; obtaining a received signal strength measurement value; determining a received signal strength difference value based on the expected received signal strength value and the received signal strength measurement value; and determining the barrier type information based on a comparison of the received signal strength difference value and at least one threshold value.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing wireless devices to detect and classify barriers between devices. An example method performed by a user equipment for authorizing a device-to-device request includes receiving a request from a wireless node, determining a first range measurement to the wireless node using a first positioning technique, determining a second range measurement to the wireless node using a second positioning technique that is different from the first positioning technique, and allowing or denying the request based on the first range measurement and the second range measurement.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve the accuracy and reliability of radio frequency (RF) sensing performed by wireless devices, which may include detection of living objects with minimal movements (e.g., breathing). In one aspect, a UE receives a set of signals over a time period, where each signal in the set of signals includes a superposition of multipath signals traversed by the signal and a leakage signal. The UE filters out the leakage signal from each signal in the set of signals to obtain the superposition of the multipath signals for each signal. The UE detects whether there is a variance across the filtered set of signals over the time period. The UE identifies a presence of at least one moving object in response to the detection of the variance.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing wireless devices for contact tracing, and more specifically for detecting a barrier between devices to enhance contact tracing applications. An example method for detecting a barrier between a first device and a second device includes determining, by the first device, a first range measurement with respect to the second device using a first positioning technique determining, by the first device, a second range measurement with respect to the second device using a second positioning technique that is different from the first positioning technique, and detecting the barrier between the first device and the second device based on the first range measurement and the second range measurement.

Abstract: A communication device includes a processor configured to: transfer, via a transceiver, a wireless data signal within a communication frequency range; determine a capability of the communication device to measure a wireless radar signal received via the transceiver, the wireless radar signal having a frequency within the communication frequency range; transmit, via the transceiver to a network entity, a first indication of the capability of the communication device to measure the wireless radar signal, the first indication being indicative of a transmit power level of the wireless radar signal from a source of the wireless radar signal or a received power level of the wireless radar signal at the communication device; receive, via the transceiver, the wireless radar signal; determine a positioning measurement of the wireless radar signal; and transmit a second indication of the positioning measurement via the transceiver to the network entity.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some aspects, two devices may support signaling and messaging designs that support bandwidths that are greater than 160 MHz for ranging null data packets (NDPs). For example, various signaling and messaging designs may support a use of a 320 MHz bandwidth for ranging NDPs as part of a ranging measurement procedure, which may offer greater resolution than narrower bandwidths. The signaling and messaging designs may include one or more updates for a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame, for a trigger frame, for session negation messages (such as one or both of an initial fine timing measurement (IFTM) frame and an IFTM request (IFTMR) frame), for segmentation techniques for ranging NDPs, or for any combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing high-purity ?-caprolactam includes the following steps: (1) cyclohexanone oxime is subjected to a gas phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction; (2) the reaction product obtained from step (1) is successively subjected to gas-liquid separation, solvent removal, and light impurity removal to produce a crude caprolactam; (3) the crude caprolactam is subjected to crystallization to produce a crystallization product and a crystallization mother liquor; (4) the crystallization mother liquor is subjected to crystallization to produce a crystal slurry. At least a part of the crystal slurry is returned to step (2) and/or step (3). The purification process can obtain high-purity caprolactam through only one crystallization and one mother liquor crystallization without reducing the overall yield of caprolactam.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein address these and other issues by providing radio frequency (RF) sensing to determine the status of a driver or other occupant of the vehicle. RF sensing may be provided by existing radios of a vehicle, such a Wi-Fi transceiver, and may therefore provide RF sensing functionality to a vehicle with little added cost. RF sensing can be leveraged to implement safety features such as detecting an unattended child or pet in a vehicle, detecting driver alertness, and the like.

Abstract: A communication device includes a processor configured to: transfer, via a transceiver, a wireless data signal within a communication frequency range; determine a capability of the communication device to measure a wireless radar signal received via the transceiver, the wireless radar signal having a frequency within the communication frequency range; transmit, via the transceiver to a network entity, a first indication of the capability of the communication device to measure the wireless radar signal, the first indication being indicative of a transmit power level of the wireless radar signal from a source of the wireless radar signal or a received power level of the wireless radar signal at the communication device; receive, via the transceiver, the wireless radar signal; determine a positioning measurement of the wireless radar signal; and transmit a second indication of the positioning measurement via the transceiver to the network entity.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, components, devices, and systems for sounding for trigger-based ranging. Some aspects more specifically relate to a first wireless device dividing a frequency bandwidth available for ranging procedures into a plurality of subbands in accordance with orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) techniques. In some implementations, the first wireless device may transmit a trigger frame that assigns a subband to a respective neighbor wireless device. Each respective neighbor wireless device may transmit, during a same time occasion, a respective sounding signal via each respective subband allocated to the respective neighbor wireless device. In some implementations, the first wireless device may perform sounding procedures using combined multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and OFDMA techniques, where each neighbor wireless device may be assigned a respective spatial stream.

Abstract: A method for locating a target object, includes: determining a plurality of position-distance values, each of the plurality of position-distance values includes: a position of a user equipment relative to a reference position; and a distance corresponding to the position of the user equipment, the distance being between the position of the user equipment and the target object measured using one or more wireless ranging signals between the user equipment and the target object, where each position of the user equipment in the plurality of position-distance values is different; and calculating a position of the target object using the plurality of position-distance values, where the position of the target object is relative to the reference position.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for positioning. In an aspect, a positioning entity obtains a plurality of pairs of timing measurements based on a plurality of pairs of ranging messages exchanged on a plurality of bandwidths, determines a plurality of range measurements based on the plurality of pairs of timing measurements, each range measurement of the plurality of range measurements based on one pair of the plurality of pairs of timing measurements, determines a weight for each range measurement of the plurality of range measurements based at least on a bandwidth of the plurality of bandwidths of a pair of timing measurements of the plurality of pairs of timing measurements used to determine the range measurement, and determines a weighted mean of the plurality of range measurements based at least on the plurality of range measurements and weights of the plurality of range measurements.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for reducing signaling latency in multi-link devices (MLDs). An example method of providing latency sensitive information with a MLD includes receiving downlink data packets from a station via a first radio link, performing radio frequency sensing with a second radio link, detecting a latency sensitive event, and transmitting an indication of the latency sensitive event.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for reducing signaling latency in multi-link devices (MLDs). An example method of providing latency sensitive information with a MLD includes receiving downlink data packets from a station via a first radio link, performing radio frequency sensing with a second radio link, detecting a latency sensitive event, and transmitting an indication of the latency sensitive event.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques for detecting user presence, user motion, and for performing facial authentication. For instance, a wireless device can receive a waveform that is a reflection of a transmitted radio frequency (RF) waveform. Based on RF sensing data associated with the received waveform, the wireless device can determine a presence of a user. In response to determining the presence of the user, the wireless device can initiate facial authentication of the user.