Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for radio frequency (RF) sensing in wireless communication systems. In some implementations, a transmitter device transmits sounding sequences configured for channel estimation over a wireless channel to a receiver device. The transmitter device also transmits or receives non-sounding frames associated with a channel report of the receiver device. The transmitter device transmits a frame soliciting the channel report from the receiver device. The transmitter device receives the channel report, which may include channel state information (CSI) of the wireless channel responsive to at least the sounding sequences. Some types of channel reports may take longer to generate than other types of channel reports. Transmitting or receiving the non-sounding frames during the time period may prevent other devices from accessing the wireless channel when the receiver device needs additional time to generate a certain type of channel report.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating map information of an environment using channel state information (CSI) of wireless signals received by access points (APs) in the environment are disclosed. In some implementations, a system uses CSI of a wireless signal received by a respective AP to determine a time-of-flight (ToF) and an angle-of-arrival (AoA) of one or more reflected path signal components of the wireless signal, and estimates the locations of points or surfaces in an area of the respective AP based on the ToF and AoA of the reflected path signal components. The estimated locations of the points or surfaces can be used to generate map information for the area. The system aggregates map information generated for different areas of the environment to determine map information for the entire environment. The wireless signals may be received from wireless stations or user equipment, or may be received from the respective AP.

Abstract: In an aspect, a wireless device is configured to transmit a physical layer protocol data unit on one or more channels, wherein the physical layer protocol data unit includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion includes a signal length field indicating a duration of a transmission of the physical layer protocol data unit. The second portion includes a plurality of Wi-Fi sensing fields. The wireless device is configured to receive a reflected signal and a leakage signal associated with the physical layer protocol data unit. The reflected signal includes the physical layer protocol data unit reflected off of a target object. The leakage signal is associated with the physical layer protocol data unit.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for obtaining environmental information using radio frequency sensing by one or more wireless devices. An example method of crowd sensing and/or environmental detection using radio frequency sensing with one or more wireless devices includes providing radio frequency sensing assistance data to one or more wireless devices, receiving radio frequency sensing reports from the one or more wireless devices, determining one or more environmental characteristics based on the radio frequency sensing reports. Environmental characteristics can include a location or movement of one or more target objects, or attributes of one or more target objects (e.g., one or many people, vehicles, animals, drones or other target objects), or any combinations thereof. This may assist with monitoring of a crowd or road traffic and/or with identifying and tracking a particular person or vehicle.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for performing a single-sided ranging operation. In some implementations, a first device transmits a first frame to a wireless station (STA), and receives a second frame from the STA responsive to the first frame. The first device obtains information indicating a time period between transmission of the first frame and reception of the second frame by the first device, and obtains information indicating time delays associated with a plurality of second devices, where each of the time delays is between respective receptions of the first frame and the second frame by a respective one of the second devices. The first device obtains a position of the STA based on the time period, the time delays associated with the plurality of second devices, and signal propagation times between the first device and each of the plurality of second devices.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve the performance of mobile/computer applications. Aspects presented herein may enable mobile/computer applications to differentiate entities that are associated with UEs or entities running the navigations applications, thereby enabling the mobile/computer applications (or their associated servers) to have a more accurate understanding of the conditions surrounding the UEs and their users. In one aspect, a network node obtains first information including at least one feature associated with a plurality of devices. The network node selects a first subset of the plurality of devices for a measurement based on the at least one feature associated with the plurality of devices (or the network node may exclude a second subset of the plurality of devices from the measurement).

Abstract: Disclosed are various techniques for wireless positioning. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) determines one or more angle-based measurements of one or more reference signal resources transmitted by or received at the UE on one or more antennas of the UE and reports, to a positioning entity, the one or more angle-based measurements, a beam pattern associated with the one or more reference signal resources, a type of the one or more antennas, locations of the one or more antennas on the UE, an orientation of the one or more antennas, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may receive an indication of a configuration for sensing measurement parameter reporting from a base station. The sensing measurement parameter reporting may be for a sensing operation. The wireless device may perform the sensing operation and transmit an indication of a measurement parameter value to the base station. The sensing measurement parameter value may be associated with a location of the wireless device. In some examples, the wireless device may transmit the indication of the sensing measurement parameter value based on performing the sensing operation.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing wireless devices to detect and classify barriers between devices. An example method for detecting a change in state of a physical environment includes determining a first state of the physical environment based on one or more round trip time measurements and one or more received signal strength measurements associated with a first plurality of radio frequency signals exchanged with one or more wireless nodes; determining a second state of the physical environment based on one or more round trip time measurements and one or more received signal strength measurements associated with a second plurality of radio frequency signals exchanged with the one or more wireless nodes; and providing an indication of a state change in the physical environment based at least in part on a comparison of the first state and the second state.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing wireless devices to detect and classify barriers between devices. An example method performed by a user equipment for authorizing a device-to-device request includes receiving a request from a wireless node, determining a first range measurement to the wireless node using a first positioning technique, determining a second range measurement to the wireless node using a second positioning technique that is different from the first positioning technique, and allowing or denying the request based on the first range measurement and the second range measurement.

Abstract: A device includes one or more processors configured to determine, based on data descriptive of two or more audio environments, a geometry of a mutual audio environment. The one or more processors are also configured to process audio data, based on the geometry of the mutual audio environment, for output at an audio device disposed in a first audio environment of the two or more audio environments.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein address these and other issues by providing radio frequency (RF) sensing to determine the status of a driver or other occupant of the vehicle. RF sensing may be provided by existing radios of a vehicle, such a Wi-Fi transceiver, and may therefore provide RF sensing functionality to a vehicle with little added cost. RF sensing can be leveraged to implement safety features such as detecting an unattended child or pet in a vehicle, detecting driver alertness, and the like.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a sensing device may transmit a first Layer 2 (L2) data packet that includes a Layer 2.5 (L2.5) frame. The sensing device may receive a second L2 data packet that includes a response to the L2.5 frame. Motion data indicating whether an object is moving may be generated based at least in part on a channel frequency response associated with receiving the second L2 data packet. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network node may transmit an indication of a media access control (MAC) address associated with an access point to a group of access points included in a network. The network node may receive single-sided round-trip-time (RTT) data associated with a user device associated with the access point, wherein the single-sided RTT data is received from each of the group of access points based at least in part on transmitting the indication of the MAC address to the group of access points. The network node may determine a location of the user device based at least in part on the single-sided RTT data. The network node may transmit an indication of the location of the user device to the access point. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some aspects, two devices may support signaling and messaging designs that support bandwidths that are greater than 160 MHz for ranging null data packets (NDPs). For example, various signaling and messaging designs may support a use of a 320 MHz bandwidth for ranging NDPs as part of a ranging measurement procedure, which may offer greater resolution than narrower bandwidths. The signaling and messaging designs may include one or more updates for a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame, for a trigger frame, for session negation messages (such as one or both of an initial fine timing measurement (IFTM) frame and an IFTM request (IFTMR) frame), for segmentation techniques for ranging NDPs, or for any combination thereof.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method may comprise obtaining channel state information (CSI) data corresponding to a set of RF signals received by one or more receiving devices, wherein: the set RF signals comprises two or more reflected RF signals successively received by the one or more receiving devices after being reflected from a person, and the two or more reflected RF signals are received by the one or more receiving devices over a period of time. The method may further comprise determining an identity of the person based at least in part on an observed gait of the person and an observed shape of the person, wherein the observed gait of the person and the observed shape of the person are determined based at least in part on the CSI data. The method may further comprise outputting an indication of the determined identity of the person.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A first wireless communications device may transmit, to one or more second wireless communications devices, a first message that triggers transmission of a second message by each of the one or more second wireless communications devices, the first message allocating to each of the one or more second wireless communications devices a respective frequency-based resource unit for transmission of the second message, each of the respective frequency-based resource units spanning a portion of a channel bandwidth of a channel. The first wireless communications device may perform channel sensing measurements on the second message received from each of the one or more second wireless communications devices. The first wireless communications device may estimate the channel based on the channel sensing measurements performed on the respective second messages received on the respective frequency-based resource units.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques for performing mapping using radio frequency (RF) sensing. For instance, a server can obtain a first set of RF sensing data and orientation data corresponding to a first wireless device from a plurality of wireless devices. The first set of RF sensing data can be associated with at least one received waveform that is a reflection of a transmitted waveform from a first reflector. Based on the first set of RF sensing data, orientation data, and location data corresponding to the first wireless device, an indoor map can be generated that includes a reference to the reflector.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may obtain radio frequency (RF) sensing information indicating at least one of movement information associated with the UE or environment information associated with the UE. The UE may communicate, with a network entity, using a communication parameter that is based at least in part on the RF sensing information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for validating a mobile device in a passive digital key system. An example method of validating a mobile device includes determining a positioning measurement for the mobile device relative to a reference point, obtaining a measured distance with at least a first transceiver, obtaining a calibration distance based at least in part on the positioning measurement for the mobile device, computing a validation distance based at least in part on a difference between the measured distance and the calibration distance, and validating the mobile device based at least in part on a comparison of the validation distance and a threshold value.