Abstract: A solar cell includes a cathode component, an anode component, sealant for assembling the cathode component and the anode component to form a closed space, and electrolyte accommodated in the closed space, in which the cathode component contains a lower transparent conductive substrate, a nano-oxide semiconductor thin film formed on the lower transparent conductive substrate, and dye attached to a nano-particle surface of the nano-oxide semiconductor thin film; and the anode component contains an upper transparent conductive substrate, and an anode electrode layer formed on the upper transparent conductive substrate, the nano-oxide semiconductor thin film and the anode electrode layer being arranged opposite to each other and contacting with the electrolyte, in which the anode component further contains a CdTe layer which is patterned to have an opening, and the anode electrode layer is located in the opening of the CdTe layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of testing reliability of a semiconductor device, wherein the semiconductor device has negative bias temperature instability NBTI.

Abstract: A neuron device includes a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and a layer of metal oxide variable resistance material sandwiched between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, in which the neuron device is switched to a normal state upon application of reset pulse, and is switched to an excitation state upon application of stimulus pulses. The neuron device has a comprehensive response to different amplitude, different width of a stimulus voltage pulse and different number of a sequence of stimulus pulses, and provides functionalities of a weighting section and a computing section. The neuron device has a simple structure, excellent scalability, quick speed, low operation voltage, and is compatible with the conventional silicon-based CMOS fabrication process, and thus suitable for mass production. The neuron device is capable of performing many biological functions and complex logic operations.

Abstract: A method of fixing a polarization-reversed region formed in a ferroelectric single crystal, including preparing a ferroelectric single crystal having a polarization-reversed region; and irradiating an ion beam or a neutral beam on the ferroelectric single crystal. The ferroelectric single crystal is a substantially stoichiometric lithium tantalate single crystal or a substantially stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystal, and the polarization-reversed region is fixed and any back switch and expansion of the polarization-reversed region are suppressed.

Abstract: An abrasive dentifrice composition which effects enhanced antiplaque and breath freshening properties which comprises an orally acceptable vehicle containing a combination of a safe and effective amount of an antibacterial agent and at least two enzyme ingredients.

Abstract: A weight reduction re-profiling process after dynamic balance for a wheel set of a passenger train, comprising the following steps: designing a spindle end clamp and a tailstock end clamp according to structures of screw holes on an end of train axle; fixing the spindle end clamp to the train axle; hanging up the wheel set, aligning a center hole of the spindle end clamp with a top tip of a spindle end of a lathe, and inserting a handle portion of the spindle end clamp into a drive plate hole; aligning an eccentric hole of the tailstock end clamp with a scribed line on an end for weight reduction after dynamic balance by visual inspection, then sheathing the tailstock end clamp on the train axle, aligning a top tip of tailstock of the lathe with the eccentric hole of the tailstock end clamp, and tightening them; and so on.

Abstract: An abrasive dentifrice composition which effects enhanced antiplaque and breath freshening properties which comprises an orally acceptable vehicle containing a combination of a safe and effective amount of an antibacterial agent and at least two enzyme ingredients.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering of agricultural microorganisms. Specifically, the invention relates to producing and using gene cluster for thuringiensin synthesis from Bacillus thuringiensis. The gene cluster includes 11 genes of thuA, thuB, thuC, thuD, thuE, thuF, thuG, thu1, thu2, thu3 and thu4. These genes have the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. And the thuringiensin biosynthetase encoded by these genes have the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2-12. The genes according to the invention and the proteins encoded by those genes can be used as new nucleosides lead compound of pesticide library and provide new target for developing insecticides. In practical use, a series of new, efficient and low toxic insecticide can be obtained by structure modification.

Abstract: A dual component antiplaque oral composition having antimalodor properties in which a first component contains an antibacterial agent and the second component contains a proteolytic enzyme, the first and second components are simultaneously combined for application to the teeth, the first and second components being physically segregated prior to use, the components when mixed upon application to teeth providing substantially antiplaque effect with superior antimalodor properties.

Abstract: An attenuated verotoxin comprising a verotoxin A subunit amino acid sequence in which at least one of the amino acids at positions 167 to 172 and positions 202 to 207 from the N terminus is mutated; an attenuated verotoxin A subunit thereof; a complex of the A subunit with a ligand; an anticancer agent using the verotoxin, A subunit or ligand; a method for treating cancer; a gene that encodes the attenuated verotoxin or its A subunit; a gene therapy agent using the gene; and a gene therapy method.

Abstract: An antiplaque oral care composition having enhanced oral hygiene and organoleptic properties is provided. The composition contains an enzyme and a cyclodextrin. Papain and other proteolytic enzymes may be preferred. The resulting composition has more favorable organoleptic properties than a comparative composition containing only the enzyme.

Abstract: A method of fixing polarization-reversed regions formed in a ferroelectric single crystal with ease and an optical element containing such a ferroelectric single crystal are provided. The method of fixing the polarization-reversed regions formed in a ferroelectric single crystal is characterized by including a step of irradiating an ion beam or a neutral beam on the ferroelectric single crystal where polarization-reversed regions are formed. An optical element containing such a ferroelectric single crystal is characterized by being manufactured by a method including such a step.

Abstract: A dual component antiplaque oral composition having antimalodor properties in which a first component contains an antibacterial agent and the second component contains a proteolytic enzyme, the first and second components are simultaneously combined for application to the teeth, the first and second components being physically segregated prior to use, the components when mixed upon application to teeth providing substantially antiplaque effect with superior antimalodor properties.

Abstract: A dual component antiplaque oral composition having antimalodor properties in which a first component contains an antibacterial agent and the second component contains a proteolytic enzyme, the first and second components are simultaneously combined for application to the teeth, the first and second components being physically segregated prior to use, the components when mixed upon application to teeth providing substantially antiplaque effect with superior antimalodor properties.

Abstract: An attenuated verotoxin comprising a verotoxin A subunit amino acid sequence in which at least one of the amino acids at positions 167 to 172 and positions 202 to 207 from the N terminus is mutated; an attenuated verotoxin A subunit thereof; a complex of the A subunit with a ligand; an anticancer agent using the verotoxin, A subunit or ligand; a method for treating cancer; a gene that encodes the attenuated verotoxin or its A subunit; a gene therapy agent using the gene; and a gene therapy method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of detecting the CACNA1H mutant gene of childhood absence epilepsy-the main function gene, the said method is directly sequencing or restriction analysis. The present invention relates to CACNA1H mutant gene. The present invention further relates to the use of the said detection and mutant gene. The present invention connects the CACNA1H gene with medicine for treating childhood absence epilepsy, proving new target site for medicine for treating the same. The present invention establishes the foundation for developing new medicines for treating childhood absence epilepsy and other type of idiopathic system epilepsy as well as other system diseases associated with CACNA1H gene.

Abstract: An antiplaque oral care composition having enhanced oral hygiene and organoleptic properties is provided. The composition contains an enzyme and a cyclodextrin. Papain and other proteolytic enzymes may be preferred. The resulting composition has more favorable organoleptic properties than a comparative composition containing only the enzyme.

Abstract: An attenuated verotoxin comprising a verotoxin A subunit amino acid sequence in which at least one of the amino acids at positions 167 to 172 and positions 202 to 207 from the N terminus is mutated; an attenuated verotoxin A subunit thereof; a complex of the A subunit with a ligand; an anticancer agent using the verotoxin, A subunit or ligand; a method for treating cancer; a gene that encodes the attenuated verotoxin or its A subunit; a gene therapy agent using the gene; and a gene therapy method.

Abstract: A system for determining the angular position of a drive shaft in a rotary power plant, such as an internal combustion engine. The system includes a gear having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth which is secured to the drive shaft for rotation therewith so that the angular position of the gear corresponds to the angular position of the drive shaft. At least one tooth of the gear has at least a portion that is constructed of one of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material while the other teeth of the gear are constructed of the other of the magnetic material or non-magnetic material. A magnetic sensor is positioned adjacent the gear which generates an output signal when the tooth is in a predefined proximity of the sensor. Advantageously, the gear forms a combination flywheel and timing wheel for an internal combustion engine. A method for constructing the gear is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for determining the angular position of a drive shaft in a rotary power plant, such as an internal combustion engine. The system includes a gear having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth which is secured to the drive shaft for rotation therewith so that the angular position of the gear corresponds to the angular position of the drive shaft. At least one tooth of the gear is constructed of one of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material while the other teeth of the gear are constructed of the other of the magnetic material or non-magnetic material. A magnetic sensor is positioned adjacent the gear which generates an output signal when the tooth is in a predefined proximity of the sensor. Advantageously, the gear forms a combination flywheel and timing wheel for an internal combustion engine. A method for constructing the gear is also disclosed.