Abstract: An LED lamp includes a transparent bulb, an LED module comprising a plurality of LEDs received in an inner space of the bulb, and a heat dissipation apparatus supporting and cooling the LED module. The heat dissipation device includes a heat sink having a hollow base and a plurality of fins extending from the base, a first heat conductor vertically supported by the heat sink, a second heat conductor horizontally mounted on the first heat conductor, and a heat pipe thermally connecting the heat sink, the first heat conductor and the second heat conductor together. The LEDs are positioned on the first heat conductor and the second heat conductor, respectively.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes a lampshade, an LED module and a heat sink supporting and cooling the LED module. The heat sink includes a heat absorbing portion having a base plate for mounting the LED module thereon, and engaging with the lampshade for enclosing the LED module. A plurality of fins is formed on a top of the heat absorbing portion, and the fins extend outwardly beyond an outmost edge of the heat absorbing portion. A sidewall connects outmost ends of the fins. A plurality of apertures are defined between the outmost edge of the heat absorbing portion, the fins and the sidewall for allowing an airflow to flow from a bottom to a top of the heat sink via the apertures, thereby to effectively cool the heat sink and accordingly the LED module.

Abstract: A method for verifying areas within an image corresponding to monetary banknotes includes: dividing the image into a plurality of verification sections; generating a banknote boundary map having border sections corresponding to boundaries of valid monetary banknotes; generating a texture decision map from the image having texture sections each having texture values within a valid range according to a valid monetary banknote, determining objects in the texture decision map by removing texture sections in the texture decision map corresponding to border sections in the banknote boundary map; calculating a texture property value for objects according to texture feature values for each verification section; calculating shape property values for each object; and further removing texture sections from the texture decision map corresponding to objects that do not have the texture property value within a first predetermined range and the shape property value within a second predetermined range.

Abstract: A method for characterizing texture of areas within an image corresponding to monetary banknotes includes dividing the image into a plurality of sections; calculating a gray level for each section; selecting potential sections from the sections, the potential sections having gray levels within a predetermined range; selecting bill sections from the potential sections, the bill sections having pixels within a predefined color range and a predefined continuous color gradient range; generating a binary edge map according to gray levels of pixels within the bill sections; and calculating a texture value for each bill section according to the binary edge map.

Abstract: A method for detecting a boundary of a monetary banknote within an image includes dividing the image into a plurality of sections; generating a color feature map containing color histogram data for each section of the image; generating a gray level feature map indicating a gray level value for each section of the image; recording border sections onto a banknote boundary map, the border sections being sections having color histogram data within a first predetermined range and gray level values within a second predetermined range; removing internal border sections enclosed by perimeter border sections from the banknote boundary map; and dilating the perimeter border sections on the banknote boundary map.

Abstract: A color processing method for identification of areas within an image corresponding to monetary banknotes includes dividing the image into a plurality of sections; extracting color histogram data for each section; assigning a color vector for each section according to the color histogram data for the section; comparing the color vector for each section to a color lookup table to determine a probability of the section corresponding to monetary banknotes; and selecting probable sections having the probability exceeding a first predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Verification of areas within an image corresponding to banknotes includes dividing the image into a plurality of image sections; generating a banknote boundary map having border sections corresponding to a boundary of monetary banknotes within the image; generating a texture decision map having texture sections within a valid range according to a valid monetary banknote; determining a number of objects in the texture decision map by removing texture sections in the texture decision map that correspond to the border sections in the banknote boundary map; calculating a texture property value for each object; calculating a shape property value for each object; and further removing texture sections from the texture decision map corresponding to objects that do not have the texture property value within a first predetermined range and the shape property value within a second predetermined range.

Abstract: Fused tri-heterocyclic compounds of formula: R1 is H or alkyl; R2 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclyl, or heterocyclyl; R3 and R4, independently, is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclyl, heterocyclyl, or (CRaRb)mX(CRcRd)nY; in which X is a bond, O, S, or NRe; Y is alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OC(O)Re, C(O)Re, N(ReRe?), NReC(O)Re?, S(O)2Re, or SRe; each of m and n, independently, is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; each of Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, and Re?, independently, is H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclyl, or heterocyclyl; and R5 is H or halogen.