Abstract: A titanium diboride wettable cathode includes a cold-pressed sintered block of titanium diboride, including a titanium diboride and an additive, the additive including a graphite, a carbon fiber and a titanium nitride; and a coating of titanium diboride, coated on a surface of the cold-pressed sintered block of titanium diboride.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for reducing perfluorocarbon emissions from an aluminum electrolysis, which belongs to the field of aluminum electrolysis. The method includes: placing an aluminum oxide in an electrolytic cell with set parameters for proceeding aluminum electrolysis, and regulating feeding parameters of the aluminum oxide to obtain an electrolyte; adding a set amount of LiF, KF, MgF2 and CaF2 into the electrolyte, and regulating a molar ratio of NaF and AlF3 in the electrolyte to reduce the perfluorocarbon emissions from the aluminum electrolysis.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle controlling technology, and provides a method and a device for gradient calculating. The method for gradient calculating includes: acquiring current operating parameters of the vehicle, wherein the current operating parameters include a current longitudinal acceleration, a current lateral acceleration, a current vehicle acceleration, and a current vehicle speed; determining a first influence value of the current lateral acceleration on the current longitudinal acceleration according to the current lateral acceleration and the current vehicle speed; determining a second influence value of the current vehicle acceleration on the current longitudinal acceleration according to the current vehicle acceleration and the current vehicle speed; correcting the current longitudinal acceleration according to the first influence value and the second influence value; and determining the gradient value based on the corrected current longitudinal acceleration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a field of aluminum smelting, and in particular to an inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with a vertical structure, which includes: an electrolytic cell shell (1), a heating device (5) and a graphite base (13). The electrolytic cell shell (1) is provided with three insulating layers therein. The heating device (5) is disposed in the groove on the first insulating layer (4) The graphite base (13) is disposed at a bottom of an inner cavity of the electrolytic cell shell (1). A bottom of the graphite base (13) is opened with a mounting slot. The cathode is vertically mounted in the installation slot. The anode (17) is arranged in a staggered manner with the cathodes (16) and is suspended above the electrolytic cell shell (1) by connecting to a guide rod (11).

Abstract: The invention provides a substrate coated with a multi-layer coating, comprising in order: (a) the substrate; (b) a thermally insulating layer (e.g. Si3N4); (c) an interfacial layer (e.g. SiC); and (d) one or more layers comprising ta-C; wherein the interfacial layer promotes adhesion of the one or more layers comprising ta-C to the thermally insulating layer; and methods for producing such coatings.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for predicting an average energy consumption of an electric vehicle.

Abstract: A cathode arc source comprises: a cathode target; a first magnetic field source located above the target; a second magnetic field source located below the target; and a third magnetic field source located between the first and second magnetic field sources and having an opposite polarity to the first magnetic field source; wherein the resultant magnetic field from the first, second and third magnetic field sources has zero field strength in a direction substantially normal to the target at a position above the target. The invention also provides methods of striking a cathode target and methods of depositing coatings which can be carried out using the cathode arc source described herein.

Abstract: A filter (104a, 104b, 108) for a cathode arc source comprises: a filter duct having at least one bend (104a, 104b), and a first magnetic field source for steering plasma through the filter duct for removal of macroparticles from the plasma; wherein the apparatus comprises a second magnetic field source (108) which is rotatably mounted surrounding a portion of the filter duct. Cathode arc sources (102) and cathode arc deposition apparatuses (106) comprise the filters described herein, and methods of filtering macroparticles from a beam of plasma emitted from a cathode arc source use the filters.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical applications is coated with a layer of a-C, wherein the layer of a-C comprises at least 10 each of first and second sub-layers, being—(i) first sub-layers having high conductivity with a sp2 content of 60-95%, alternating with—(ii) second sub-layers having high corrosion resistance with a sp2 content of 50-90%, wherein the sp2 content of the first sub-layers is at least 3% greater than the sp2 content of the second sub-layers. A method of making such electrodes comprises: —a) depositing a first sub-layer comprising a-C, —b) depositing a second sub-layer comprising a-C wherein the sp2 content of the first sub-layer is at least 3% greater than the sp2 content of the second sub-layer, and—c) repeating the steps above to deposit at least 10 first sub-layers alternating with 10 second sub-layers, so as to produce the electrodes.

Abstract: A method of coating a piston ring comprises: providing at least first and second piston rings in a coating chamber; spacing the piston rings apart, so that the first piston ring is spaced from and not in contact with the second piston ring, and applying a ta-C coating to the piston rings, whereby the spacing between the adjacent piston rings enables simultaneous coating of upper, outer and lower piston ring surfaces of the first and second piston rings during rotation of rings in a plane co-planar with the coating beam. Piston rings are obtained comprising a substantially hydrogen free ta-C coating of 0.1 to 8 microns on at least their lower surface.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical applications is coated with a layer of a-C, wherein the layer of a-C comprises at least 10 each of first and second sub-layers, being (i) first sub-layers having high conductivity with a sp2 content of 60-95%, alternating with (ii) second sub-layers having high corrosion resistance with a sp2 content of 50-90%, wherein the sp2 content of the first sub-layers is at least 3% greater than the sp2 content of the second sub-layers. A method of making such electrodes comprises:?a) depositing a first sub-layer comprising a-C, ?b) depositing a second sub-layer comprising a-C wherein the sp2 content of the first sub-layer is at least 3% greater than the sp2 content of the second sub-layer, and ?c) repeating the steps above to deposit at least 10 first sub-layers alternating with 10 second sub-layers, so as to produce the electrodes.

Abstract: A bipolar plate for a PEM hydrogen fuel cell is coated with a carbon-containing coating, the carbon-containing coating comprising in order: a) a titanium seed layer; b) a titanium nitride interfacial layer; and c) a a-C top layer, and wherein the bipolar plate is formed from stainless steel. Methods for making such coated plates are described. The a-C has a density of greater than 2.0 g/cm3, a molar hydrogen content of 5% or less, an sp2 carbon content of 40% to 80% and an sp3 carbon content of 20% to 60%. The coated plates possess good electrical conductivity and are resistant to corrosion.

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a multi-layer coating, comprising in order: (i) a first functional layer comprising ta-C, (ii) a second functional layer comprising ta-C, (iii) (a) a third functional layer comprising ta-C and a first intermediate layer comprising a carbide of a first element, or (b) a first intermediate layer comprising a carbide of a first element, and a second intermediate layer comprising the first element, wherein the ta-C has a hydrogen content less than 10% and an sp2 content less than 30%; wherein (i) the Young's modulus or (ii) the hardness or (iii) both the Young's modulus and the hardness independently stay the same or increase from layer to layer in (iii) (a) from the first intermediate layer to the first functional layer, or in (iii) (b) from the second intermediate layer to the first functional layer.

Abstract: A filter (104a, 104b, 108) for a cathode arc source comprises: a filter duct having at least one bend (104a, 104b), and a first magnetic field source for steering plasma through the filter duct for removal of macroparticles from the plasma; wherein the apparatus comprises a second magnetic field source (108) which is rotatably mounted surrounding a portion of the filter duct. Cathode arc sources (102) and cathode arc deposition apparatuses (106) comprise the filters described herein, and methods of filtering macroparticles from a beam of plasma emitted from a cathode arc source use the filters.

Abstract: A bipolar plate for a PEM hydrogen fuel cell is coated with a carbon-containing coating, the carbon-containing coating comprising in order: a) a titanium seed layer; b) a titanium nitride interfacial layer; and c) a a-C top layer, and wherein the bipolar plate is formed from stainless steel. Methods for making such coated plates are described. The a-C has a density of greater than 2.0 g/cm3, a molar hydrogen content of 5% or less, an sp2 carbon content of 40% to 80% and an sp3 carbon content of 20% to 60%. The coated plates possess good electrical conductivity and are resistant to corrosion.

Abstract: This light absorbing device includes: a light reflecting layer; a dielectric layer disposed on the light reflecting layer; and a plurality of metal nanostructures disposed on the dielectric layer. A portion of each of the plurality of metal nanostructures is buried in the dielectric layer and another portion thereof is exposed to the outside.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle controlling technology, and provides a method and a device for gradient calculating. The method for gradient calculating includes: acquiring current operating parameters of the vehicle, wherein the current operating parameters include a current longitudinal acceleration, a current lateral acceleration, a current vehicle acceleration, and a current vehicle speed; determining a first influence value of the current lateral acceleration on the current longitudinal acceleration according to the current lateral acceleration and the current vehicle speed; determining a second influence value of the current vehicle acceleration on the current longitudinal acceleration according to the current vehicle acceleration and the current vehicle speed; correcting the current longitudinal acceleration according to the first influence value and the second influence value; and determining the gradient value based on the corrected current longitudinal acceleration.

Abstract: A distributed radio frequency or microwave thawing device includes one or more thawing units. The thawing unit includes a power supply module, a radio frequency or microwave generation module, a measuring unit, a tuning module, a control unit, an antenna means and a thawing chamber. The antenna means is disposed in the thawing chamber and includes a first antenna group and a second antenna group, the first antenna group includes one or more first antennas, the second antenna group includes one or more second antennas, the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged in pairs, pairs of first antenna and second antenna are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other and form an antenna unit, a plurality of antenna units are arranged side by side. The number of each of the radio frequency or microwave generation module and the measuring unit is one or more.

Abstract: A method of depositing a coating on a substrate comprises simultaneously depositing a first material via a CVA process and a second material via a sputtering process; also described are coatings obtained therefrom and coated substrates.

Abstract: A cathode arc source comprises: a cathode target; a first magnetic field source located above the target; a second magnetic field source located below the target; and a third magnetic field source located between the first and second magnetic field sources and having an opposite polarity to the first magnetic field source; wherein the resultant magnetic field from the first, second and third magnetic field sources has zero field strength in a direction substantially normal to the target at a position above the target. The invention also provides methods of striking a cathode target and methods of depositing coatings which can be carried out using the cathode arc source described herein.